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207 results for “spatial response”
Data from: Repeatable patterns of small-scale spatial variation in intertidal mussel beds and their implications for responses to climate change
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Behavioral responses of a large, heat-sensitive mammal to climatic variation at multiple spatial scales
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Foraging in nature: contrasting responses to resource heterogeneity at small and large spatial scales.
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Data from: Spatial heterogeneity in species composition constrains plant community responses to herbivory and fertilization
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Regional Biomes outperform broader spatial units in capturing biodiversity responses to land-use change
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Spatial and temporal variation in phenotypes and fitness in response to developmental thermal environments
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Data from: Soil carbon response to woody plant encroachment: Importance of spatial heterogeneity and deep soil storage
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Data from: Sexual selection and population spatial structure interact to shape sex-specific evolutionary responses in physiology
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Data and code from: Traits and phylogenies modulate the environmental responses of wood-inhabiting fungal communities across spatial scales
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A Spatial Audio Impulse Response Compilation Captured at the WDR Broadcast Studios
<p>[1] P. Stade, B. Bernschütz, and M. Rühl, “A Spatial Audio Impulse Response Compilation Captured at the WDR Broadcast Studios,” in <em>Proceedings of the 27th Tonmeistertagung - VDT International Convention</em>, 2012, pp. 1–17.<br> Download link: <a href="http://audiogroup.web.th-koeln.de/FILES/VDT2012_WDRIRC.pdf">Conference Paper TMT2012, Cologne (Germany)</a></p> <p>[2] B. Bernschütz, “Sound Field Analysis in Room Acoustics,” in <em>Proceedings of the 27th Tonmeistertagung - VDT International Convention</em>, 2012, pp. 1–22.<br> Download link: <a href="http://audiogroup.web.th-koeln.de/FILES/VDT2012_SFARA.pdf">Conference Paper TMT2012, Cologne (Germany)</a></p> <p>Files also available at <a href="https://www.sofaconventions.org/mediawiki/index.php/Files">sofaconventions.org</a> in SOFA file format.</p> <p>_______________________________________________________________________________________________________</p> <p>Binaural room impulse responses (BRIRs) and spherical microphone array impulse responses (DRIRs) of the WDR broadcast studios in Cologne in SOFA file format. The BRIRs were measured with a Neumann KU100 dummy head for 360 directions along the horizontal plane (1° spatial resolution). The DRIRs were measured for rigid- and open-sphere configurations on different Lebedev grids. For further details, please refer to the conference publications listed below:</p> <p>________________________________________________________________________________________________________</p> <p><strong>Contact:</strong><br> Christoph Pörschmann<br> TH Köln - University of Applied Sciences<br> Institute of Communications Engineering<br> Department of Acoustics and Audio Signal Processing<br> Betzdorfer Str. 2, D-50679 Cologne, Germany<br> <a href="https://www.th-koeln.de/akustik">https://www.th-koeln.de/akustik</a></p> <p>_________________________________________________________________</p> <p><strong>Naming Convention (please see name_coding_chart.pdf for more details):</strong></p> <p><strong>LBS</strong>: Large Broadcast Studio (Großer Sendesaal / Klaus-von-Bismarck-Saal)</p> <p><strong>SBS:</strong> Small Broadcast Studio (Kleiner Sendesaal)</p> <p><strong>CR1: </strong>Control Room 1</p> <p><strong>CR7</strong>: Control Room 7</p> <p><strong>KU: </strong>Neumann KU100 Dummy Head</p> <p><strong>VSA</strong>: VariSphear Microphone Array</p> <p><strong>MIC</strong>: (Stereo) Microphones</p>
Data from: Reproduction under light pollution: maladaptive response to spatial variation in artificial light in a glow-worm
<p>The amount of artificial light at night is growing worldwide, impacting the behaviour of nocturnal organisms. Yet, we know little about the consequences of these behavioural responses for individual fitness and population viability. We investigated if females of the common glow-worm <i>Lampyris noctiluca</i> – which glow in the night to attract males – mitigate negative effects of artificial light on mate attraction by adjusting the timing and location of glowing to spatial variation in light conditions. We found females do not move away from light when exposed to a gradient of artificial light, but delay or even refrain from glowing. Further, we demonstrate that this response is maladaptive, as our field study showed that staying still when exposed to artificial light from a simulated streetlight decreases mate attraction success, while moving only a short distance from the light source can markedly improve mate attraction. These results indicate that glow-worms are unable to respond to spatial variation in artificial light, which may be a factor in their global decline. Consequently, our results support the hypothesis that animals often lack adaptive behavioural responses to anthropogenic environmental changes and underlines the importance of considering behavioural responses when investigating effects of human activities on wildlife.</p>
Data from: Multiple scales of spatial heterogeneity control soil respiration responses to precipitation across a dryland rainfall gradient
<p><i>Aims –</i> Soil respiration (R<sub>s</sub>) is a major pathway for releasing fixed carbon back to the atmosphere. However, controls over R<sub>s</sub> are poorly understood in arid and hyper-arid systems where microbial activity is frequently constrained by moisture. We addressed key uncertainties in R<sub>s</sub>: 1) How do short-term rainfall pulses affect R<sub>s</sub> at sites that differ in long-term precipitation inputs?, 2) how do R<sub>s</sub> responses to short and long-term rainfall differ across soil surfaces?, and 3) how are R<sub>s</sub> responses affected by local-scale attributes?</p> <p><i>Methods – </i>We measured R<sub>s</sub> responses to rainfall pulses over a 48 h period. Working across a climate gradient, we compared R<sub>s </sub>responses on two contrasting soil surfaces which both had two vegetation/soil morphology patch types that differed in organic matter inputs and accumulation.</p> <p><i>Results – </i>Rates of R<sub>s </sub>were low, but highly responsive to rainfall pulses. Stimulation of R<sub>s </sub>by rainfall was generally greater in areas with higher annual rainfall. However, patterns for R<sub>s </sub>responses to rainfall differed greatly on the two soil surfaces and among patch types.</p> <p><i>Conclusions – </i>The strong role of patch type and soil surface in controlling R<sub>s</sub> points to the need to carefully consider small-scale spatial and temporal variation when interpreting dryland biogeochemical fluxes.</p>
Data from: Revisiting the functional response in habitat selection for large herbivores: a matter of spatial variation in resource distribution?
Most habitats are distributed heterogeneously in space, forcing animals to move according to both habitat characteristics and their needs for energy and safety. Animal space use should therefore vary according to habitat characteristics, a process known as the "functional response" in habitat selection. This response has often been tested vis-à-vis the proportion of a habitat category within areas available to individuals. Measuring sought-after resources in landscape where they are continuously distributed is a challenge and we posit here that both the mean availability of a resource and its spatial variation should be measured. Accordingly, we tested for a functional response in habitat selection according to these two descriptors of the resource available for a mountain herbivore. We hypothesized that selection should decrease with mean value of resources available and increase with its spatial variation. Based on GPS data from 50 chamois females and data on the actual foodscape (i.e. distribution of edible-only biomass in the landscape), we estimated individual selection ratio (during summer months) for biomass at the home range level, comparing edible biomass in individual home ranges and the mean and standard deviation of edible biomass in their available range. Chamois being a group-living species, available accessible ranges were shared by several individuals that formed socio-spatial groups (clusters) in the population. As expected, selection ratios increased with the standard deviation of edible resources in each cluster, but unlike our prediction, was unrelated to its mean. Selection of areas richer in resources hence did not fade away when more resources were available on average, a result that may be explained by the need for this capital breeder species to accumulate fat-reserve at a high rate during summer months. Low spatial variation could limit the selection of chamois, which highlights the importance of resource distribution in the process of habitat selection.
Data from: Expanded consumer niche widths may signal an early response to spatial protection
<p class="Normal1">Marine management interventions are increasingly being implemented with the explicit goal of rebuilding ocean ecosystems, but early responses may begin with alterations in ecological interactions preceding detectable changes in population-level characteristics. To establish a baseline from which to monitor the effects of spatial protection on reef fish trophic ecology and track future ecosystem-level changes, we quantified temperate reef fish densities, size, biomass, diets and isotopic signatures at nine sites nested within two fished and one five-year old marine protected area (MPA) on the northwest coast of Canada. We calculated rockfish (Sebastes spp.) community and species-specific niche breadth for fished and protected areas based on δ<sup>13</sup>C and δ<sup>15</sup>N values. We found that rockfish community niche width was greater inside the MPA relative to adjacent fished reefs due to an expanded nitrogen range, possibly reflecting early changes in trophic interactions following five years of spatial protection. Our data also demonstrated that the MPA had a positive effect on the δ<sup>15</sup>N signature of rockfish (i.e., trophic position), but the effect of rockfish length on its own was not well-supported. In addition, we found a positive interaction between rockfish length and δ<sup>15</sup>N signature, such that δ<sup>15</sup>N signatures of rockfish caught within the MPA increased more rapidly with body size than those caught in fished areas. Differences in rockfish size structure and biomass among fished and unfished areas were not clearly evident. Species of rockfish and lingcod varied in trophic and size responses, indicating that life-history traits play an important role in predicting MPA effects. These results may suggest early changes in trophic behavior of slow-growing rockfish due to predation risk by faster growing higher trophic level predators such as lingcod inside MPAs established on temperate reefs. Consequently, spatial protection may restore both the trophic and behavioral roles of previously fished consumers earlier and in measurable ways sooner than observable changes in abundance and size.</p>
Data from: Functional responses in animal movement explain spatial heterogeneity in animal-habitat relationships
1. Understanding why heterogeneity exists in animal-habitat spatial relationships is critical for identifying the drivers of animal distributions. Functional responses in habitat selection – whereby animals adjust their habitat selection depending on habitat availability – are useful for describing animal-habitat spatial heterogeneity. However, they could be yielded by different movement tactics, involving contrasting inter-specific interactions. 2. Identifying functional responses in animal movement, rather than in emergent spatial patterns like habitat selection, could disentangle the effects of different movement behaviours on spatial heterogeneity in animal-habitat relationships. This would clarify how functional responses in habitat selection emerge and provide a general tool for understanding the mechanistic drivers of animal distributions. 3. We tested this approach using data from GPS-collared woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus), a prey species under top-down control. We tested how caribou selected and moved with respect to a key resource (lichen-conifer stands) as a function of the availability of surrounding refuge land-cover (closed-conifer stands), using step selection functions. 4. Caribou selected resource patches more strongly in areas richer in refuge land-cover – a functional response in habitat selection. However, adjustments in multiple movement behaviours could have generated this pattern: stronger directed movement towards resources patches and/or longer residency within resource patches, in areas richer in refuges. Different contributions of these behaviours would produce contrasting forager spatial dynamics. 5. We identified functional responses in both movement behaviours: caribou were more likely to move towards resource patches in areas richer in refuge land-cover, and to remain in these patches during movement steps. This tactic enables caribou to spend longer foraging in safer areas where they could rapidly seek refuge in dense cover when predators are detected. 6. Our study shows that functional responses in movement can expose the context-dependent movement decisions that generate heterogeneity in animal-habitat spatial relationships. We used these functional responses to characterise anti-predator movement tactics employed by a large herbivore, but they could be applied in many different scenarios. The movement rules from functional responses in movement are well-suited to integration in spatial explicit individual-based models for forecasting animal distributions in landscapes undergoing environmental change.
Data from: Fear on the move: predator hunting mode predicts variation in prey mortality and plasticity in prey spatial response
1. Ecologists have long searched for a framework of a priori species traits to help predict predator-prey interactions in food webs. Empirical evidence has shown that predator hunting mode and predator and prey habitat domain are useful traits for explaining predator-prey interactions. Yet individual experiments have yet to replicate predator hunting mode, calling into question whether predator impacts can be attributed to hunting mode or merely species identity. 2. We tested the effects of spider predators with sit-and-wait, sit-and-pursue and active hunting modes on grasshopper habitat domain, activity and mortality in a grassland system. We replicated hunting mode by testing two spider predator species of each hunting mode on the same grasshopper prey species. We observed grasshoppers with and without each spider species in behavioral cages and measured their mortality rates, movements and habitat domains. We likewise measured the movements and habitat domains of spiders to characterize hunting modes. 3. We found that predator hunting mode explained grasshopper mortality and spider and grasshopper movement activity and habitat domain size. Sit-and-wait spider predators covered small distances over a narrow domain space and killed fewer grasshoppers than sit-and-pursue and active predators, which ranged farther distances across broader domains and killed more grasshoppers, respectively. Prey adjusted their activity levels and horizontal habitat domains in response to predator presence and hunting mode: sedentary sit-and-wait predators with narrow domains caused grasshoppers to reduce activity in the same-sized domain space; more mobile sit-and-pursue predators with broader domains caused prey to reduce their activity within a contracted horizontal (but not vertical) domain space; and highly mobile active spiders led grasshoppers to increase their activity across the same domain area. All predators impacted prey activity and sit-and-pursue predators generated strong effects on domain size. 4. This study demonstrates the validity of utilizing hunting mode and habitat domain for predicting predator-prey interactions. Results also highlight the importance of accounting for flexibility in prey movement ranges as an anti-predator response rather than treating the domain as a static attribute.
Data from: Spatial heterogeneity in soil nutrient supply modulates nutrient and biomass responses to multiple global change drivers in model grassland communities
Changes in the atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide ([CO2]), nutrient availability and biotic diversity are three major drivers of the ongoing global change impacting terrestrial ecosystems worldwide. While it is well established that soil nutrient heterogeneity exerts a strong influence on the development of plant individuals and communities, it is virtually unknown how nutrient heterogeneity and global change drivers interact to affect plant performance and ecosystem functioning. We conducted a microcosm experiment to evaluate the effect of simultaneous changes in [CO2], nutrient heterogeneity (NH), nutrient availability (NA) and species evenness on the biomass and nutrient uptake patterns of assemblages formed by Lolium perenne, Plantago lanceolata and Holcus lanatus. When the nutrients were heterogeneously supplied,assemblages exhibited precise root foraging patterns, and had higher above- and belowground biomass (average increases of 32% and 29% for above- and belowground biomass, respectively). Nutrient heterogeneity also modulated the effects of NA on biomass production, complementarity in nitrogen uptake and below: aboveground ratio, as well as those of [CO2] on the nutrient use efficiency at the assemblage level. Our results show that nutrient heterogeneity has the potential to influence the response of plant assemblages to simultaneous changes in [CO2], nutrient availability and biotic diversity, and suggest that it is an important environmental factor to interpret and assess plant assemblage responses to global change.
Data from: Spatial pattern and scale influence invader demographic response to simulated precipitation change in an annual grassland community
It is important to predict which invasive species will benefit from future changes in climate, and thereby identify those invaders that need particular attention and prioritization of management efforts. Because establishment, persistence, and spread determine invasion success, this prediction requires detailed demographic information. Explicit study of the impact of pattern on demographic response is particularly important for species that are naturally patchy, such as the invasive grass, Aegilops triuncialis. In the northern California Coast Range, where climate change may increase or decrease mean annual rainfall, we conducted a field experiment to understand the interaction of climate change and local-scale patterning on the demography of A. triuncialis. We manipulated precipitation (reduced, ambient, or augmented), seed density, and seeding pattern. Demographic and environmental data were collected for three years following initial seeding. Pattern and scale figure prominently in the demographic response of A. triuncialis to precipitation manipulation. Pattern interacts with precipitation and seeding density in its influence on per-plant seed output. Although per-plot seed production was highest when seeds were not aggregated, per-plant seed output was higher in aggregated patches. Results suggest aggregation of invasive A. triuncialis reduces the detrimental impact of interspecific competition in its invaded community, and that interspecific competition per se has a stronger impact than intraspecific competition
Data from: Drivers of the spatial scale that best predict primate responses to landscape structure
Understanding the effect of landscape structure on biodiversity is critically needed to improve management strategies. To accurately evaluate such effect, landscape metrics need to be assessed at the correct scale, i.e. considering the spatial extent at which species‐landscape relationship is strongest (scale of effect, SE). Although SE is highly variable, its drivers are poorly known, but of key relevance to understand the way species use the landscape. In this study, we evaluate whether and how species traits, biological responses, landscape variables and the regional context of the study drive SE in Mexican primates. We estimated the relative abundance and immature‐to‐female ratio (a proxy of reproductive success) of howler monkeys (Alouatta palliata and A. pigra) and spider monkeys (Ateles geoffroyi) in 48 forest patches from four rainforest regions (12 patches per region) with different land‐use intensity. We then assessed the composition (forest cover, matrix functionality) and configuration (forest patch density, connectors' density, forest edge density) of local landscapes considering 13 scales (100 to 1300‐m radius) to identify the spatial extent at which each landscape variable best predict each response variable in each species and region. We found that SE did not differ significantly among the drivers evaluated. However, it tended to be lower for connectors' density than for forest patch density and forest edge density, probably because connectors' density is associated with local‐scale processes such as supplementary dynamics. Surprisingly, SE also tended to be higher in the more disturbed region than in the rest of the regions, probably because primates in the more disturbed region used larger areas of the landscape. Our findings therefore suggest that SE depends more strongly on landscape variables and regional context than on species traits and biological responses, and hence, especial caution should be taken when attempting to generalize SE to different explanatory variables and regions.
Data from: Personalities influence spatial responses to environmental fluctuations in wild fish
1. Although growing evidence supports the idea that animal personality can explain plasticity in response to changes in the social environment, it remains to be tested whether it can explain spatial responses of individuals in the face of natural environmental fluctuations. This is a major challenge in ecology and evolution as spatial dynamics link individual- and population-level processes. 2. In this study we investigated the potential of individual personalities to predict differences in fish behaviour in the wild. Specifically, our goal was to answer if individual differences in plasticity of space use to sea surface temperature could be explained by differences in personality along the reactive-proactive axis. 3. To address this question we first conducted repeated standard laboratory assays (i.e. open-field test, novel object test and mirror-stimulation test) to assess the personality type of 76 wild-caught Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). Next, we released the fish back into the sea and monitored their spatial behaviour over large temporal (16 months) and spatial (a whole fjord) scales, using high-resolution acoustic tracking. 4. We demonstrate that 1) cod personality traits are structured into a proactive-reactive syndrome (proactive fish being more bold, exploratory and aggressive), 2) mean depth use of individuals is mainly driven by sea temperature and 3) personality is a significant predictor of home range changes in the wild, where reactive, but not proactive, individuals reduced their home range as sea temperature increased. 5. These findings expand our understanding of the ecological consequences of animal personality and the mechanisms shaping spatial dynamics of animals in nature.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.