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146 results for “species loss”
Ontogenetic diversity buffers communities against consequences of species loss
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Bryosphere loss impairs litter decomposition consistently across moss species, litter types, and micro-arthropod abundance
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Data from: Predicting climatic limits along a rainfall gradient of dipterocarp species based on leaf turgor loss point
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Habitat loss shapes the structure and species roles in tropical plant-frugivore networks
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Data from: Turning the tide: A 2°C increase in heat tolerance can halve climate change induced losses in four cold-adapted kelp species
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Data from: Successional loss of two key food tree species best explains decline in group size of Panamanian howler monkeys (Alouatta palliata)
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Drought survival is positively associated with high turgor loss points in temperate perennial grassland species
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Data from: Species tree estimation and the impact of gene loss following whole-genome duplication
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Community biomass is driven by dominants and their characteristics –the insight from a field biodiversity experiment with realistic species loss scenario
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Going, going, gone: evidence for loss of an endemic species pair of threespine sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus) with implications for protection under species-at-risk legislation
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Data from: Why are plant communities stable? Disentangling the role of dominance, asynchrony and averaging effect following realistic species loss scenario
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Resources do not limit compensatory response of a tallgrass prairie plant community to the loss of a dominant species
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Isolation drives species gains and losses of insect metacommunities over time in a mountaintop forest archipelago
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Inter- and intraspecific variation in juvenile metabolism and water loss among five biphasic amphibian species
<p>Population persistence is informed by the ability of individuals to cope with local abiotic conditions, which is commonly mediated by physiological traits. Among biphasic amphibians, juveniles—which are infrequently studied but play a key role in amphibian population dynamics—are the first life stage to experience terrestrial conditions following the aquatic larval stage. To illuminate phenotypic variation that may allow juveniles to survive the physiological challenges presented by this transition, we examined respiratory surface area water loss (<i>RSAWL</i>) and standard metabolic rates (SMR) among juveniles reared under common larval conditions for five salamander species (<i>Ambystoma annulatum, A. maculatum, A. opacum, A. talpoideum, </i>and <i>A. texanum</i>) collected across ~200 km of latitude in Missouri, USA. We found that SMR described 34% of variation in <i>RSAWL</i>, suggesting that physiological water conservation may be limited by energetic regulation among these species, and vice versa<i>. </i>On average, species differed in juvenile SMR and residual values of <i>RSAWL</i> (corrected for body size/shape) by 0.04 mL CO<sub>2</sub><span><span> </span></span> and 0.16, respectively, possibly because of distinct species ecologies. For example, <i>A. annulatum </i>had higher SMR and <i>RSAWL</i> compared to broadly distributed study species, potentially associated with a relatively narrow range of environmental conditions experienced across the small geographic distribution of <i>A. annulatum</i>. Latitude correlated negatively with temperature and precipitation, and positively with <i>RSAWL, </i>suggesting that variation in <i>RSAWL</i> may be adaptive to local conditions. We provide evidence that species differences likely have a genetic basis, reflecting selection favoring species divergence to effectively use distinct microhabitats.</p>
Analysis of fungal genomes reveals commonalities of intron gain or loss and functions in intron-poor species
<p>Datasets for DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.11.247098">10.1101/2020.08.11.247098</a>. Jupyter notebooks to reproduce the analysis of this study is available at <a href="https://github.com/Brookesloci/fungi_intron_paper_2020">GitHub</a></p> <ul> <li>annotations.total.txt.gz - gene annotation file of 350 fungi species and outgroups <em>Homo sapiens</em> and <em>Fonticula alba</em></li> <li>site_histories_41490_51_2L_1G.txt.gz - intron site histories of 263 fungi species and outgroups <em>Homo sapiens</em> and <em>Fonticula alba.</em></li> </ul>
Hotspots of species loss do not vary across future climate scenarios in a drought-prone river basin
<p><b>Aim</b>: Climate change is expected to alter the distributions of species around the world, but estimates of species' outcomes vary widely among competing climate scenarios. Where should conservation resources be directed to maximize expected conservation benefits given future climate uncertainty? Here, we explore this question by quantifying variation in fish species' distributions across future climate scenarios.</p> <p><b>Location</b>: Red River basin, south-central United States.</p> <p><b>Methods</b>: We modeled historical and future stream fish distributions using a suite of environmental covariates derived from high-resolution hydrologic and climatic modeling of the basin. We quantified variation in outcomes for individual species across climate scenarios and across space, and identified hotspots of species loss by summing changes in probability of occurrence across species.</p> <p><b>Results</b>: Under all climate scenarios, we find that the distribution of most fish species in the Red River Basin will contract by 2050. However, the variability across climate scenarios was more than 10 times higher for some species than for others. Despite this uncertainty in outcomes for individual species, hotspots of species loss tended to occur in the same portions of the basin across all climate scenarios. We also find that the most common species are projected to experience the greatest range contractions, underscoring the need for directing conservation resources towards both common and rare species</p> <p><b>Main conclusions</b>: Our results suggest that while it may be difficult to predict which species will be most impacted by climate change, it may nevertheless be possible to identify spatial priorities for climate mitigation actions that are robust to future climate uncertainty. These findings are likely to be generalizable to other ecosystems around the world where future climate conditions follow prevailing historical patterns of key environmental covariates.</p>
The allometry of plant height explains species loss under nitrogen addition
<p><span>Light asymmetry, with a higher light acquisition per unit biomass for larger plants, has been proposed as a major mechanism of species loss after nitrogen addition. However, solid evidence for this has been scarce. </span><span>We measured the allometric size-height relationships of 25 plant species along a nitrogen addition gradient manipulated annually for eight years in a speciose alpine meadow and found that the positive relationship between species relative abundance and the height scaling exponent in natural conditions</span><span> disappeared after nitrogen addition. Those species with lower height scaling exponents increased in relative abundance after nitrogen addition, thereby decreasing the community weighted mean and dispersion of the height scaling exponent and ultimately the species richness. Our results provided some unique evidence for light asymmetry induced species loss after nitrogen addition and a new insight from the perspective of allometric scaling to explain biodiversity maintenance in the face of global changes. </span></p>
Data from: Archaea and bacteria mediate the effects of native species root loss on fungi during plant invasion
Although invasive plants can drive ecosystem change, little is known about the directional nature of belowground interactions between invasive plants, native roots, bacteria, archaea and fungi. We used detailed bioinformatics and a recently developed root assay on soils collected in fescue grassland along a gradient of smooth brome (Bromus inermis Leyss) invasion to examine the links between smooth brome shoot litter and root, archaea, bacteria and fungal communities. We examined (1) aboveground versus belowground influences of smooth brome on soil microbial communities, (2) the importance of direct versus microbe-mediated impacts of plants on soil fungal communities, and (3) the web of roots, shoots, archaea, bacteria and fungi interactions across the A and B soil horizons in invaded and non-invaded sites. Archaea and bacteria influenced fungal composition, but not vice versa, as indicated by redundancy analyses. Co-inertia analyses suggested that bacterial–fungal variance was driven primarily by 12 bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs). Brome increased bacterial diversity via smooth brome litter in the A horizon and roots in the B horizon, which then reduced fungal diversity. Archaea increased abundance of several bacterial OTUs, and the key bacterial OTUs mediated changes in the fungi's response to invasion. Overall, native root diversity loss and bacterial mediation were more important drivers of fungal composition than were the direct effects of increases in smooth brome. Critically, native plant species displacement and root loss appeared to be the most important driver of fungal composition during invasion. This causal web likely gives rise to the plant–fungi feedbacks, which are an essential factor determining plant diversity in invaded grassland ecosystems.
Data from: Selective logging in tropical forests decreases the robustness of liana-tree interaction networks to the loss of host tree species
Selective logging is one of the major drivers of tropical forest degradation, causing important shifts in species composition. Whether such changes modify interactions between species and the networks in which they are embedded remain fundamental questions to assess the 'health' and ecosystem functionality of logged forests. We focus on interactions between lianas and their tree hosts within primary and selectively logged forests in the biodiversity hotspot of Malaysian Borneo. We found that lianas were more abundant, had higher species richness and different species compositions in logged than in primary forests. Logged forests showed heavier liana loads disparately affecting slow-growth tree species, which could exacerbate the loss of timber value and carbon storage already associated to logging. Moreover, simulation scenarios of host tree local species loss indicated that logging might decrease the robustness of liana-tree interaction networks if heavily infested trees (i.e. the most connected ones) are more likely to disappear. This effect is partially mitigated in the short term by the colonization of host trees by a greater diversity of liana species within logged forests, yet this might not compensate for the loss of preferred tree hosts in the long term. As a consequence, species interaction networks may show a lagged response to disturbance, which may trigger sudden collapses in species richness and ecosystem function in response to additional disturbances, representing a new type of "extinction debt".
Data from: Transient negative biochar effects on plant growth are strongest after microbial species loss
Biochar has been explored as an organic amendment to improve soil quality and benefit plant growth. The overall positive effects of biochar on crop yields are generally attributed to abiotic changes, while the alternative causal pathway via changes in soil biota is unexplored. We compared plant growth effects of legumes in sterile soil inoculated with dilutions of soil and soil microbial suspensions to determine the direct effects of biochar-induced changes in soil biota on plant growth. Suspensions and soil were from soil amended with biochar and soil without biochar. By comparing consecutive plant growth phases on the same inoculated soils, we also determined the temporal effects of soil biota from biochar-amended and control soils. Biota from biochar-amended soil was less beneficial for Medicago sativa growth, especially with small amounts of inocula. Flowering was delayed in the presence of biota from biochar plots. Inoculum with either soil or soil suspension gave similar results for plant biomass, indicating that microorganisms play a major role. Vicia villosa growth did not respond to the various inocula, even though the inoculum quantity strongly affected nematode community composition and protozoan abundance. In a later growing phase the negative effect of biochar-associated biota on Medicago growth mostly disappeared, which leads to the conclusion that the benefits of biochar application via abiotic changes may outweigh the negative effects of biochar on soil biota.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.