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FIG. 5 in Novelties in Erythroxylum P.Browne (Erythroxylaceae) from the Comoros Archipelago: two new, range-restricted and threatened species, and notes on the Mount Choungi biogeographical singularity

FIG. 5. — Distribution of Erythroxylum choungiense E.Bidault, Traclet & M.Pignal, sp. nov. (♦) and E. labatii E.Bidault & M.Pignal, sp. nov. (●) in the Comoros archipelago.

FIG. 4. — Erythroxylum labatii E.Bidault & M in Novelties in Erythroxylum P.Browne (Erythroxylaceae) from the Comoros Archipelago: two new, range-restricted and threatened species, and notes on the Mount Choungi biogeographical singularity

FIG. 4. — Erythroxylum labatii E.Bidault & M.Pignal, sp. nov.: A, stem and immature fruits; B, inflorescence with flower buds and stem portion with cataphylls; C, long-styled flower; D, mature fruit; E, short-styled flower; A, D, photos by J.-N. Labat, B, E, photos by E. Bidault, C, photo by G. Viscardi.

FIG. 1. — Erythroxylum choungiense E in Novelties in Erythroxylum P.Browne (Erythroxylaceae) from the Comoros Archipelago: two new, range-restricted and threatened species, and notes on the Mount Choungi biogeographical singularity

FIG. 1. — Erythroxylum choungiense E.Bidault, Traclet & M.Pignal, sp. nov.: A, habit (dry); B, habit (fresh); C, detail of leaf venation; D, long-styled flower; E, shortstyled flower; F, short-style flower with corolla fallen; G, mature fruit; H, seed; A, C, D-F, Guiot 03 (MAO), B, G, H, no voucher. Drawings by Ludivine Longou. Scale bars: A, B, 2 cm; C, 3 mm; D, E, 1 mm; F, 2 mm; G, H, 1 mm.

FIG. 3. — Erythroxylum labatii E.Bidault & M in Novelties in Erythroxylum P.Browne (Erythroxylaceae) from the Comoros Archipelago: two new, range-restricted and threatened species, and notes on the Mount Choungi biogeographical singularity

FIG. 3. — Erythroxylum labatii E.Bidault & M.Pignal, sp. nov.: A, detail of stem; B, long-styled flower; C, short-styled flower with corolla fallen; D, short-styled flower; E, immature fruit; F, mature fruit; G, habit, dry; H, detail of inflorescence with flower buds; I, detail of cataphyll, abaxial side; A, C, G-I, Labat et al. 3212 (P); B, D, Bidault et al. 63 (P); E, F, Labat et al. 3787 (P). Drawings by Anne-Hélène Paradis. Scale bars: A, B, 2 mm; C, 1 mm; D, 2 mm; E, F, 3 mm; G, 2 cm; H, 2 mm; I, 1 mm.

FIG. 2. — Erythroxylum choungiense E in Novelties in Erythroxylum P.Browne (Erythroxylaceae) from the Comoros Archipelago: two new, range-restricted and threatened species, and notes on the Mount Choungi biogeographical singularity

FIG. 2. — Erythroxylum choungiense E.Bidault, Traclet & M.Pignal, sp. nov.: A, habit; B, terminal leaves with red young leaves; C, long-styled flower; D, shortstyled flowers; E, upper surface of leaves and immature fruits; F, mature fruit and seed; G, lower surface of leaves showing cordate base; A, B, E-G, photos by S. Traclet, C, D, photos by V. Guiot.

opencc-zeroAug 2022View details →

dryad40/100

Evidence of climate-driven selection on tree traits and trait plasticity across the climatic range of a riparian foundation species

Selection on quantitative traits by heterogeneous climatic conditions can lead to substantial trait variation across a species range. In the context of rapidly changing environments, however, it is equally important to understand selection on trait plasticity. To evaluate the role of selection in driving divergences in traits and their associated plasticities within a widespread species, we compared molecular and quantitative trait variation in Populus fremontii (Fremont cottonwood), a foundation riparian distributed throughout Arizona. Using SNP data and genotypes from 16 populations reciprocally planted in three common gardens, we first performed QST-FST analyses to detect selection on traits and trait plasticity. We then explored the environmental drivers of selection using trait-climate and plasticity-climate regressions. Three major findings emerged: 1) There was significant genetic variation in traits expressed in each of the common gardens and in the phenotypic plasticity of traits across gardens, both of which were heritable. 2) Based on QST-FST comparisons, there was evidence of selection in all traits measured; however, this result varied from no effect in one garden to highly significant in another, indicating that detection of past selection is environmentally dependent. We also found strong evidence of divergent selection on plasticity across environments for two traits. 3) Traits and/or their plasticity were often correlated with population source climate (R2 up to 0.77 and 0.66, respectively). These results suggest that steep climate gradients across the Southwest have played a major role in shaping the evolution of divergent phenotypic responses in populations and genotypes now experiencing climate change.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2021View details →

Text-fig. 6. Correlation of the Cheringoma and Mazamba formations on the basis of benthic foraminiferans and mammals respectively. Identifications of foraminiferans are from Newton (1924) and Abrard (1928), and the ranges of foraminiferans are from Sella-Kiel et al. (1998). The time scale is from Gradstein et al. (2020). The distribution of Nummulites atacicus is included, but it is not known whether it is reworked from older deposits. If the identification is valid, it would support the thesis that there was a period of Ypresian deposition in the vicinity during which remains of the species were fossilised. in Stratigraphy, Chronology And Palaeontology Of The Tertiary Rocks Of The Cheringoma Plateau, Mozambique

Text-fig. 6. Correlation of the Cheringoma and Mazamba formations on the basis of benthic foraminiferans and mammals respectively. Identifications of foraminiferans are from Newton (1924) and Abrard (1928), and the ranges of foraminiferans are from Sella-Kiel et al. (1998). The time scale is from Gradstein et al. (2020). The distribution of Nummulites atacicus is included, but it is not known whether it is reworked from older deposits. If the identification is valid, it would support the thesis that there was a period of Ypresian deposition in the vicinity during which remains of the species were fossilised.

Fig. 7. Habitat and live colouration. A–D in On two new species of the genus Lobothelphusa Bouvier, 1917 (Decapoda: Brachyura: Potamidae: Potaminae) from the Pegu Range, central Myanmar

Fig. 7. Habitat and live colouration. A–D, Lobothelphusa bagoensis, new species: A, habitat; B, paratype, ovigerous female (SEABRIDYX3); C, D, holotype, male (NNU16-DYX1). E–G, Lobothelphusa thewanica, new species: E, habitat; F, G, holotype, male (NNU16-BG1).

Fig. 2. Lobothelphusa bagoensis, new species. A–C, E, G in On two new species of the genus Lobothelphusa Bouvier, 1917 (Decapoda: Brachyura: Potamidae: Potaminae) from the Pegu Range, central Myanmar

Fig. 2. Lobothelphusa bagoensis, new species. A–C, E, G, holotype, male, 39.72 × 31.98 mm, NNU16-DYX1; D, F, H, paratype, female, SEABRI-DYX3, 36.18 × 30.72 mm. A, dorsal view; B, D, ventral views; C, frontal view; E, F, ventral view showing anterior thoracic sternum and pleon; G, ventral view showing sterno-pleonal cavity with G1 in situ; H, thoracic sternum and vulvae. Scale bars = 1.0 cm.

Fig. 6. Gonopods. A–C in On two new species of the genus Lobothelphusa Bouvier, 1917 (Decapoda: Brachyura: Potamidae: Potaminae) from the Pegu Range, central Myanmar

Fig. 6. Gonopods. A–C, Lobothelphusa bagoensis, new species, holotype, male, NNU16-DYX1; D–F, Lobothelphusa thewanica, new species, holotype, male, NNU16-BG1. A, D, left G1 (ventral view); B, E, left G1 (dorsal view); C, F, left G2 (ventral view). Scale bars = 1.0 mm.

Fig. 1 in On two new species of the genus Lobothelphusa Bouvier, 1917 (Decapoda: Brachyura: Potamidae: Potaminae) from the Pegu Range, central Myanmar

Fig. 1. Sampling sites for Lobothelphusa bagoensis, new species (dark blue), Lobothelphusa thewanica, new species (light blue), and Paratelphusula gibbosa Ng & Kosuge, 1997 (yellow) in Myanmar.

Fig. 5 in On two new species of the genus Lobothelphusa Bouvier, 1917 (Decapoda: Brachyura: Potamidae: Potaminae) from the Pegu Range, central Myanmar

Fig. 5. Lobothelphusa thewanica, new species, holotype, male, NNU16-BG1. A, left third maxilliped (dorsal view); B, left G1 (dorsal view); C, left G1 (ventral view); D, left G2 (ventral view). Scale bars: A = 1.0 cm; B–D = 1.0 mm.

Fig. 4. Lobothelphusa thewanica, new species. A–F, H in On two new species of the genus Lobothelphusa Bouvier, 1917 (Decapoda: Brachyura: Potamidae: Potaminae) from the Pegu Range, central Myanmar

Fig. 4. Lobothelphusa thewanica, new species. A–F, H, holotype, male, 31.44 × 26.14 mm, NNU16-BG1; G, I, paratype, female, 32.84 × 26.88 mm, NNU16-BG2. A, dorsal view; B, ventral view; C, frontal view; D, major chela (dorsal view); E, right third ambulatory leg (dorsal view); F, G, ventral view showing anterior thoracic sternum and pleon; H, ventral view showing sterno-pleonal cavity with G1 in situ; I, thoracic sternum and vulvae. Scale bars = 1.0 cm.

Fig. 3 in On two new species of the genus Lobothelphusa Bouvier, 1917 (Decapoda: Brachyura: Potamidae: Potaminae) from the Pegu Range, central Myanmar

Fig. 3. Lobothelphusa bagoensis, new species, holotype, male, NNU16-DYX1. A, major chela (dorsal view); B, right third ambulatory leg (dorsal view); C, left third maxilliped (dorsal view); D, left G1 (dorsal view); E, left G1 (ventral view); F, left G2 (ventral view). Scale bars: A–C = 1.0 cm; D–F = 1.0 mm.

Fig. 8 in On two new species of the genus Lobothelphusa Bouvier, 1917 (Decapoda: Brachyura: Potamidae: Potaminae) from the Pegu Range, central Myanmar

Fig. 8. The phylogenetic tree (BI and ML) for the Lobothelphusa species and other freshwater crabs based on 16S rDNA. Posterior probabilities and bootstrap values (PP/BV) are indicated on branches. The new species and new sequences in this study are indicated in bold.

Fig. 6 in Neoclita pringlei (Scarabaeidae, Cetoniinae), a new relict genus and species from the Drakensberg Range of South Africa

Fig. 6. Matatiele Nature Reserve, showing the mountain summit with the typical habitat of Neoclita pringlei gen. et sp. nov. (photo: Lynette Clennell, Matatiele, 6 Dec. 2008).

Fig. 5 in Neoclita pringlei (Scarabaeidae, Cetoniinae), a new relict genus and species from the Drakensberg Range of South Africa

Fig. 5. Neoclita pringlei gen. et sp. nov., ♀, specimen in its natural habitat (photo: Lynette Clennell, Matatiele, 6 Dec. 2018).

Fig. 4 in Neoclita pringlei (Scarabaeidae, Cetoniinae), a new relict genus and species from the Drakensberg Range of South Africa

Fig. 4. Neoclita pringlei gen. et sp. nov., ♂, specimen in its natural habitat (photo: Lynette Clennell, Matatiele, 6 Dec. 2018).

Fig. 3 in Neoclita pringlei (Scarabaeidae, Cetoniinae), a new relict genus and species from the Drakensberg Range of South Africa

Fig. 3. Neoclita pringlei gen. et sp. nov., paratype, ♀, total length = 16.8 mm. A. Habitus, dorsal view. B. Habitus, ventral view. (South Africa, Eastern Cape Province, Matatiele Nature Reserve, 6 Dec. 2008, R. Perissinotto and L. Clennell leg.)

Fig. 2 in Neoclita pringlei (Scarabaeidae, Cetoniinae), a new relict genus and species from the Drakensberg Range of South Africa

Fig. 2. Neoclita pringlei gen. et sp. nov., holotype, ♂. A. Aedeagus, dorsal view. B. Aedeagus, lateral view. (South Africa, Eastern Cape Province, Matatiele Nature Reserve, 6 Dec. 2008, R. Perissinotto and L. Clennell leg.)