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165 results for “specific diversity”
First insights into population structure and genetic diversity versus host specificity in trypanorhynch tapeworms using multiplexed shotgun genotyping
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Data for: Cavity-breeding birds create specific microhabitats for diverse arthropod communities in boreal forests
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Data and code for: Species-specific effects of production practices on genetic diversity in plant reintroduction programs
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Data from: Age at release affects developmental physiology and sex-specific phenotypic diversity of hatchery steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
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Species-specific effects of thermal stress on the expression of genetic variation across a diverse group of plant and animal taxa under experimental conditions
<p>Assessing the genetic adaptive potential of populations and species is essential for better understanding evolutionary processes. However, the expression of genetic variation may depend on environmental conditions, which may speed up or slow down evolutionary responses. Thus, the same selection pressure may lead to different responses. Against this background, we here investigate the effects of thermal stress on genetic variation, mainly under controlled laboratory conditions. We estimated additive genetic variance (<i>V<sub>A</sub></i>), narrow-sense heritability (<i>h</i><sup>2</sup>), and the coefficient of genetic variation (<i>CV<sub>A</sub></i>) under both benign control and stressful thermal conditions. We included six species spanning a diverse range of plant and animal taxa and a total of 25 morphological and life-history traits. Our results show that (1) thermal stress reduced fitness components, (2) the majority of traits showed significant genetic variation, and that (3) thermal stress affected the expression of genetic variation (<i>V<sub>A</sub></i>, <i>h</i><sup>2</sup> or <i>CV<sub>A</sub></i>) in only one third of the cases (25 of 75 analyses, mostly in one clonal species). Moreover, effects were highly species-specific, with genetic variation increasing in 11 and decreasing in 14 cases under stress. Our results hence indicate that thermal stress does not generally affect the expression of genetic variation under laboratory conditions but, nevertheless, increases or decreases genetic variation in specific cases. Consequently, predicting the rate of genetic adaptation might not be generally complicated by environmental variation, but requires a careful case-by-case consideration.</p>
DEXOM: Diversity-based enumeration of optimal context-specific metabolic networks
<p>Matlab output files and raw data used for the evaluation presented in "DEXOM: Diversity-based enumeration of optimal context-specific metabolic networks" <a href="https://github.com/MetExplore/dexom">https://github.com/MetExplore/dexom</a></p>
Data from: Traits underlying community consequences of plant intra-specific diversity
A plant's performance and interactions with other trophic levels are recorgnized to be contingent upon plant diversity and underlying associational dynamics, but far less is known about the plant traits driving such phenomena. We manipulated diversity in plant traits using pairs of plant and a substitutive design to elucidate the mechanisms underlying diversity effects operating at a fine spatial scale. Specifically, we measured the effects of diversity in sex (sexual monocultures vs. male and female genotypes together) and growth rate (growth rate monocultures vs. fast- and slow-growing genotypes together) on growth of the shrub Baccharis salicifolia and on above- and belowground consumers associated with this plant. We compared effects on associate abundance (# associates per plant) vs. density (# associates per kg plant biomass) to elucidate the mechanisms underlying diversity effects; effects on abundance but not density suggest diversity effects are mediated by resource abundance (i.e. plant biomass) alone, whereas effects on density suggest diversity effects are mediated by plant-based heterogeneity or quality. Sexual diversity increased root growth but reduced the density (but not abundance) of the dietary generalist aphid Aphis gossypii and its associated aphid-tending ants, suggesting sex mixtures were of lower quality to this herbivore (e.g. via reduced plant quality), and that this effect indirectly influenced ants. Sexual diversity had no effect on the abundance or density of parasitoids attacking A. gossypii, the dietary specialist aphid Uroleucon macolai, or mycorrhizae. In contrast, growth rate diversity did not influence plant growth or any associates except for the dietary specialist aphid U. macolai, which increased in both abundance and density at high diversity, suggesting growth rate mixtures were of higher quality to this herbivore. These results highlight that plant associational and diversity effects on consumers are contingent upon the source of plant trait variation, and that the nature of such dynamics may vary both within and among trophic levels.
Data from: Specificity in diversity: single origin of a widespread ciliate-bacteria symbiosis
Symbioses between eukaryotes and sulfur-oxidizing (thiotrophic) bacteria have convergently evolved multiple times. Although well described in at least eight classes of metazoan animals, almost nothing is known about the evolution of thiotrophic symbioses in microbial eukaryotes (protists). In this study, we characterized the symbioses between mouthless marine ciliates of the genus Kentrophoros, and their thiotrophic bacteria, using comparative sequence analysis and fluorescence in situ hybridization. Ciliate small-subunit rRNA sequences were obtained from 17 morphospecies collected in the Mediterranean and Caribbean, and symbiont sequences from 13 of these morphospecies. We discovered a new Kentrophoros morphotype where the symbiont-bearing surface is folded into pouch-like compartments, illustrating the variability of the basic body plan. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that all investigated Kentrophoros belonged to a single clade, despite the remarkable morphological diversity of these hosts. The symbionts were also monophyletic and belonged to a new clade within the Gammaproteobacteria, with no known cultured representatives. Each host morphospecies had a distinct symbiont phylotype, and statistical analyses revealed significant support for host–symbiont codiversification. Given that these symbioses were collected from two widely separated oceans, our results indicate that symbiotic associations in unicellular hosts can be highly specific and stable over long periods of evolutionary time.
Data from: Malagasy bats shelter a considerable genetic diversity of pathogenic Leptospira suggesting notable host-specificity patterns
Pathogenic Leptospira are the causative agents of leptospirosis, a disease of global concern with major impact in tropical regions. Despite the importance of this zoonosis for human health, the evolutionary and ecological drivers shaping bacterial communities in host reservoirs remain poorly investigated. Here, we describe Leptospira communities hosted by Malagasy bats, composed of mostly endemic species, in order to characterize host–pathogen associations and investigate their evolutionary histories. We screened 947 individual bats (representing 31 species, 18 genera and seven families) for Leptospira infection and subsequently genotyped positive samples using three different bacterial loci. Molecular identification showed that these Leptospira are notably diverse and include several distinct lineages mostly belonging to Leptospira borgpetersenii and L. kirschneri. The exploration of the most probable host-pathogen evolutionary scenarios suggests that bacterial genetic diversity results from a combination of events related to the ecology and the evolutionary history of their hosts. Importantly, based on the data set presented herein, the notable host-specificity we have uncovered, together with a lack of geographical structuration of bacterial genetic diversity, indicates that the Leptospira community at a given site depends on the co-occurring bat species assemblage. The implications of such tight host-specificity on the epidemiology of leptospirosis are discussed.
Data from: Exploring Symbiodinium diversity and host specificity in Acropora corals from geographical extremes of Western Australia with 454 amplicon pyrosequencing
Scleractinian corals have demonstrated the ability to shuffle their endosymbiotic dinoflagellate communities (genus Symbiodinium) during periods of acute environmental stress. This has been proposed as a mechanism of acclimation, which would be increased by a diverse and flexible association with Symbiodinium. Conventional molecular techniques used to evaluate Symbiodinium diversity lack the sensitivity to capture accurate estimates of diversity and are unable to identify genetic lineages present at background levels below 10%. Next generation sequencing (NGS) offers a solution to this problem and can resolve microorganism diversity at much finer scales. Here we apply NGS to evaluate Symbiodinium diversity and host specificity in Acropora corals from contrasting regions of Western Australia. The application of 454 pyrosequencing allowed for detection of Symbiodinium operational taxonomic units (OTUs) occurring at frequencies as low as 0.001%, offering a 10 000-fold increase in sensitivity compared to traditional methods. All coral species from both regions were overwhelmingly dominated by a single clade C OTU (accounting for 98% of all recovered sequences). Only 8.5% of colonies associated with multiple clades (clades C and D, or C and G), suggesting a high level of symbiont specificity in Acropora assemblages in Western Australia. This contrasts with recent literature that have applied highly-sensitive molecular techniques and identified widespread flexibility in symbiont associations across a number of coral taxa in other geographic regions. While only 40% of the OTUs were shared between regions, the dominance of a single OTU resulted in no significant difference in Symbiodinium community structure, demonstrating that the coral-algal symbiosis can remain stable across more than 15° of latitude and a range of sea surface temperature profiles. This study validates the use of NGS platforms as tools for providing fine-scale estimates of Symbiodinium diversity and can offer critical insight into the flexibility of the coral-algal symbiosis.
Data from: Genome-wide assessment of population structure and genetic diversity and development of a core germplasm set for sweet potato based on specific length amplified fragment (SLAF) sequencing
Sweet potato, Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam., is an important food crop that is cultivated worldwide. However, no genome-wide assessment of the genetic diversity of sweet potato has been reported to date. In the present study, the population structure and genetic diversity of 197 sweet potato accessions most of which were from China were assessed using 62,363 SNPs. A model-based structure analysis divided the accessions into three groups: group 1, group 2 and group 3. The genetic relationships among the accessions were evaluated using a phylogenetic tree, which clustered all the accessions into three major groups. A principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the accessions were distributed according to their population structure. The mean genetic distance among accessions ranged from 0.290 for group 1 to 0.311 for group 3, and the mean polymorphic information content (PIC) ranged from 0.232 for group 1 to 0.251 for group 3. The mean minor allele frequency (MAF) ranged from 0.207 for group 1 to 0.222 for group 3. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed that the maximum diversity was within accessions (89.569%). Using CoreHunter software, a core set of 39 accessions was obtained, which accounted for approximately 19.8% of the total collection. The core germplasm set of sweet potato developed will be a valuable resource for future sweet potato improvement strategies.
Deccan region, Madras, India. Genus Vandeleuria is masculine, so widely used specific name oleracea has been changed for gender agreement. Vandeleuria oleraceusis possibly a composite of species. Polytypic, but subspecific taxonomy requires reassessment. Distribution. Widespread in S Asia (India, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, and Sri Lan-ka), S China (W & S Yunnan), and mainland SE Asia N of the Isthmus of Kra. Descriptive notes. Head-body 68 mm, tail 105 mm, ear 13 mm, hindfoot 17 mm; weight 10 g. The Indomalayan Long-tailed Climbing Mouse is small, with flat nail on outer finger and outertoe; tail is slender, brown, twice as long as head-body length, and lacks distal tuft. Dorsal pelageis silky and salmon in color; venter is white, with fulvous hues. Habitat. Tall cane and tangled vines in primary and secondary forest such as bamboo forest, moist deciduous forest, temperate forests, montane wet zone, and disturbed secondary forests, and perhaps agricultural areas at elevations of 150-1500 m. Food and Feeding. Indomalayan [Long-tailed Climbing Mice eat fruits, buds, and flowers. Breeding. Litters of the Indomalayan Long-tailed Climbing Mouse have 3-6 young. Activity patterns. Indomalayan Long-tailed Climbing Mice are arboreal and nocturnal, although one individual was caught duringthe day. Movements, Home range and Social organization. Indomalayan Long-tailed Climbing Mice build nests in tall bushes or cane to rear their young. Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red Last (as V. olacea). The Indomalayan Long-tailed Climbing Mouse occurs in several habitats and a wide distribution that includes national parks. Further taxonomical studies are required to assess conservation status ofthis potentially diverse species complex. Bibliography. Corbet & Hill (1992), Dang Huy Huynh et al. (1994), Ellerman (1941), Marshall (1977b), Musser & Carleton (2005), Osgood (1932), Phillips (1980), Wang Yingxiang (2003). in Muridae
Deccan region, Madras, India. Genus Vandeleuria is masculine, so widely used specific name oleracea has been changed for gender agreement. Vandeleuria oleraceusis possibly a composite of species. Polytypic, but subspecific taxonomy requires reassessment. Distribution. Widespread in S Asia (India, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, and Sri Lan-ka), S China (W & S Yunnan), and mainland SE Asia N of the Isthmus of Kra. Descriptive notes. Head-body 68 mm, tail 105 mm, ear 13 mm, hindfoot 17 mm; weight 10 g. The Indomalayan Long-tailed Climbing Mouse is small, with flat nail on outer finger and outertoe; tail is slender, brown, twice as long as head-body length, and lacks distal tuft. Dorsal pelageis silky and salmon in color; venter is white, with fulvous hues. Habitat. Tall cane and tangled vines in primary and secondary forest such as bamboo forest, moist deciduous forest, temperate forests, montane wet zone, and disturbed secondary forests, and perhaps agricultural areas at elevations of 150-1500 m. Food and Feeding. Indomalayan [Long-tailed Climbing Mice eat fruits, buds, and flowers. Breeding. Litters of the Indomalayan Long-tailed Climbing Mouse have 3-6 young. Activity patterns. Indomalayan Long-tailed Climbing Mice are arboreal and nocturnal, although one individual was caught duringthe day. Movements, Home range and Social organization. Indomalayan Long-tailed Climbing Mice build nests in tall bushes or cane to rear their young. Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red Last (as V. olacea). The Indomalayan Long-tailed Climbing Mouse occurs in several habitats and a wide distribution that includes national parks. Further taxonomical studies are required to assess conservation status ofthis potentially diverse species complex. Bibliography. Corbet & Hill (1992), Dang Huy Huynh et al. (1994), Ellerman (1941), Marshall (1977b), Musser & Carleton (2005), Osgood (1932), Phillips (1980), Wang Yingxiang (2003).
Raw data and metadata associated with the manuscript: "Organ and ontogeny-specific steroidal glycoside diversity is associated with differential expression of steroidal glycoside pathway genes in two Solanum dulcamara leaf chemotypes"
<p>Raw LC-MS and RT-qPCR data and metadata associated with the manuscript: "Ontogeny and organ-specific steroidal glycoside diversity is associated with differential expression of steroidal glycoside pathway genes in two <em>Solanum dulcamara</em> leaf chemotypes", accepted at Plant Biology.</p>
FIGURES 19, 20 in Tapeworms (Cestoda: Proteocephalidae) of Australian reptiles: hidden diversity of strictly host-specific parasites
FIGURES 19, 20. Australophiotaenia striata (Johnston, 1914) n. comb., syntype from Townsville, Queensland, Australia [Coll. No. AHC 28406.] 19. Mature proglottid, ventral view. 20. Pregravid proglottid, dorsal view.
FIGURE 18 in Tapeworms (Cestoda: Proteocephalidae) of Australian reptiles: hidden diversity of strictly host-specific parasites
FIGURE 18. Australophiotaenia striata (Johnston, 1914) n. comb., syntype from Townsville, Queensland, Australia [Coll. No. AHC 28406.], scolex.
FIGURES 5–10 in Tapeworms (Cestoda: Proteocephalidae) of Australian reptiles: hidden diversity of strictly host-specific parasites
FIGURES 5–10. Australophiotaenia longmani (Johnston, 1916) n. comb., 5, 6. Syntype from Yuleba, Queensland, Australia [Coll. No. QMNH G16/468] 5. Scolex. 6. Mature proglottid, dorsal. 7–10. Voucher MHNG-PLAT-36551 (field No. AUS 013). 7. Pregravid proglottid, dorsal. 8. Cross section at level of uterus with eggs in capsules. 9, 10. Eggs in capsules.
FIGURES 11–17 in Tapeworms (Cestoda: Proteocephalidae) of Australian reptiles: hidden diversity of strictly host-specific parasites
FIGURES 11–17. Australophiotaenia mjobergi (Nybelin, 1917) n. comb., syntype from Police Camp, Northern Territory, Australia [Coll. No. SMNH 3272]. 11. Scolex. 12. Pregravid proglottid, ventral. 13. Terminal genitalia. 14–16. Cross sections at level of ovary, testes and uterus, respectively. 17. Eggs in capsules.
FIGURES 1–4 in Tapeworms (Cestoda: Proteocephalidae) of Australian reptiles: hidden diversity of strictly host-specific parasites
FIGURES 1–4. Australophiotaenia amphiboluri (Nybelin, 1917) n. comb., syntype from Mount Tamborine, Queensland, Australia [Coll. No. SMNH 3279]. 1. Mature proglottid, ventral. 2. Cross sections at level of testes. 3. Cross sections at level of uterus with forming eggs. 4. Cross sections at level of eggs in capsules. Abbreviations (Figs. 1–20): cc—chromophilic cells; ci—cirrus; cs—cirrus-sac; doc—dorsal osmoregulatory canal; ec—egg capsule; em—bi-layered embryophore; ga—genital atrium; gc—gland cells; lm—internal longitudinal musculature; gm—Mehlis' glands; mf—muscle fibres; mi—microtriches; oe—outer envelope; od—oviduct; on—oncosphere; ov—ovary; st—subtegumental muscle fibres; su—subtegumental cells; te—testes; tg—tegument; ud—uterine diverticula; us—uterine stem; va—vas deferens; vc—vaginal canal; vd—vitelloduct; vf—vitelline follicles; voc—ventral osmoregulatory canal; vs—vaginal sphincter.
Novel sex-specific genes and diverse interspecific expression in the antennal transcriptomes of ithomiine butterflies"
<p>The following repository contains both the genomic and functional annotations for 4 Ithomiini species. Data that was used in GBE paper "Novel sex-specific genes and diverse interspecific expression in the antennal transcriptomes of ithomiine butterflies".</p>
Long-term adaptation of lymphoma cell lines to hypoxia is mediated by diverse molecular mechanisms that are targetable with specific inhibitors - Supplemental Data Tables
<p><strong>Supplemental Data Table - Metabolome.xlsx</strong> - a complete list of measured metabolites for Ramos and HBL2 cell lines. Peak area values for normoxic and hypoxia-adapted cells in triplicates. Mean log 2 fold change and adjusted P values are provided for all metabolites except those under the limits of detection.</p> <p><strong>Supplemental Data Table - Transcriptome Differential Expression.xlsx</strong> - the tables of all transcripts detected in hypoxia-adapted HBL2 and Ramos lymphoma cell lines compared to normoxic controls. Fold change and log 2 fold change, log 2 CPM, F statistic, P value and False Discovery Rate (FDR) were calculated using EdgeR package. Last column shows if a transcript was significantly <em>up</em>- or <em>down</em>regulated or not (<em>ns</em>).</p> <p><strong>Supplemental Data Table - Transcriptome Gene Set Analysis.xlsx</strong> - the tables of the gene set enrichment analysis of Reactome pathways in hypoxia-adapted HBL2 and Ramos lymphoma cell lines compared to normoxic controls.</p> <p><strong>Supplemental Data Table - Proteome Differential Expression.xlsx</strong> - the tables of proteins detected and differentially expressed in hypoxia-adapted HBL2 and Ramos lymphoma cell lines compared to normoxic controls.</p> <p><strong>Supplemental Data Table - Cell lines SNV characterization.xlsx</strong> - the tables of mutations (single nucleotide variations and short indels) detected in four tested lymphpoma cell lines and corresponding primary tumor (PT) samples. AF_CTRL - allelic frequency (0..1) in healthy control DNA from the patient, AF_PT - allelic frequency in primary tumor, AF_PDCL - allelic frequency in patient-derived cell line. DP - total sequence depth, TLOD - Log odds that the variant is present in the tumor sample relative to the expected noise. Gencode and HGNC annotation columns are output of the Funcotator analysis. SNVs were detected using Mutect2 as a part of GATK 4.6.0.0 somatic variat calling pipeline.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.