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Figures 41-47 from: Feijen HR, Feijen C (2020) A revision of the genus Teleopsis Rondani (Diptera, Diopsidae) in Sri Lanka with descriptions of two new species and a review of the other stalk-eyed flies from the island. ZooKeys 946: 113-151. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.946.53108

Figures 41-47 Teleopsis neglecta sp. nov., ♂, holotype, Pundaluoya 41 basal section of abdomen, ventral view 42 phallapodeme and aedeagus, lateral view 43 ejaculatory apodeme and sac 44 epandrium with surstyli and cerci, posterior view 45 sterna 4 and 5, ventral view (arrow indicating the anterior setulae of the otherwise absent sternum 6) 46 synsternum 7+8, ventral view 47 same, details of lateral sections. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (41); 0.1 mm (42–47).

Figures 48-50 from: Feijen HR, Feijen C (2020) A revision of the genus Teleopsis Rondani (Diptera, Diopsidae) in Sri Lanka with descriptions of two new species and a review of the other stalk-eyed flies from the island. ZooKeys 946: 113-151. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.946.53108

Figures 48-50 Teleopsis sorora sp. nov. 48–49 live photographs by Pieter D.H. Prins, Udawattakele (www.inaturalist.org/observations/36624976) 50 ♂, holotype, Udawattakele, photograph Cobi Feijen. Scale bar: 1 mm.

Figures 36-40 from: Feijen HR, Feijen C (2020) A revision of the genus Teleopsis Rondani (Diptera, Diopsidae) in Sri Lanka with descriptions of two new species and a review of the other stalk-eyed flies from the island. ZooKeys 946: 113-151. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.946.53108

Figures 36-40 Teleopsis neglecta sp. nov. 36–39 unknown sex, paratype, Pundaluoya 40 ♂, holotype, Pundaluoya 36 head and thorax, dorsal view 37 central head, anterior view 38 thorax, lateral view 39 front femur, lateral view 40 abdomen, ventral (left) and dorsolateral (right) view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.

Figures 34- 35 from: Feijen HR, Feijen C (2020) A revision of the genus Teleopsis Rondani (Diptera, Diopsidae) in Sri Lanka with descriptions of two new species and a review of the other stalk-eyed flies from the island. ZooKeys 946: 113-151. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.946.53108

Figures 34- 35 Teleopsis neglecta sp. nov., live photographs 34 by Amila Prasanna Sumanapala, Kalawana (www.inaturalist.org/observations/29425825) 35 by "Baeru", Sinharaja Rainforest (www.inaturalist.org/observations/45907083).

Figures 1- 2 from: Feijen HR, Feijen C (2020) A revision of the genus Teleopsis Rondani (Diptera, Diopsidae) in Sri Lanka with descriptions of two new species and a review of the other stalk-eyed flies from the island. ZooKeys 946: 113-151. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.946.53108

Figures 1- 2 Teleopsis ferruginea, ♀, holotype 1 habitus, dorsal view 2 head, anterior view. Scale bars: 1 mm.

opencc-zeroDec 2012View details →

Data from: Sexual traits are sensitive to genetic stress and predict extinction risk in the stalk-eyed fly, Diasemopsis meigenii

The handicap principle predicts that sexual traits are more susceptible to inbreeding depression than nonsexual traits. However, this hypothesis has received little testing and results are inconsistent. We used 11 generations of full-sibling mating to test the effect of inbreeding on sexual and nonsexual traits in the stalk-eyed fly Diasemopsis meigenii. Consistent with the theoretical predictions, the male sexual trait (eyespan) decreased more than nonsexual traits (female eyespan and male wing length), even after controlling for body size variation. In addition, male eyespan was a reliable predictor of line extinction, unlike other nonsexual traits. After 11 generations, inbred lines were crossed to generate inbred and outbred families. All morphological traits were larger in outbred individuals than inbred individuals. This heterosis was greater in male eyespan than in male wing length, but not female eyespan. The elevated response in male eyespan to genetic stress mirrored the result found using environmental stress during larval development and suggests that common mechanisms underlie the patterns observed. Overall, these results support the hypothesis that male sexual traits suffer more from inbreeding depression than nonsexual traits and are in line with predictions based on the handicap principle.

opencc-zeroAug 2019View details →

Data from: Meiotic drive reduces egg-to-adult viability in stalk-eyed flies

A number of species are affected by sex ratio meiotic drive (SR), a selfish genetic element located on the X chromosome that causes dysfunction of Y-bearing sperm. SR is transmitted to up to 100% of offspring, causing extreme sex ratio bias. SR in several species is found in a stable polymorphism at a moderate frequency, suggesting there must be strong frequency-dependent selection resisting its spread. We investigate the effect of SR on female and male egg-to-adult viability in the Malaysian stalk-eyed fly, Teleopsis dalmanni. SR meiotic drive in this species is old, and appears to be broadly stable at a moderate (~20%) frequency. We use large-scale controlled crosses to estimate the strength of selection acting against SR in female and male carriers. We find that SR reduces the egg-to-adult viability of both sexes. In females, homozygous females experience greater reduction in viability (sf = 0.242) and the deleterious effects of SR are additive (h = 0.511). The male deficit in viability (sm = 0.214) is not different from that in homozygous females. The evidence does not support the expectation that deleterious side-effects of SR are recessive or sex-limited. We discuss how these reductions in egg-to-adult survival, as well as other forms of selection acting on SR, may maintain the SR polymorphism in this species.

opencc-zeroDec 2011View details →

Data from: Evolution of static allometries: adaptive change in allometric slopes of eye span in stalk-eyed flies

Julian Huxley showed that within-species (static) allometric (power-law) relations can arise from proportional growth regulation with the exponent in the power law equaling the factor of proportionality. Allometric exponents may therefore be hard to change and act as constraints on the independent evolution of traits. In apparent contradiction to this, many empirical studies have concluded that static allometries are evolvable. Many of these studies have been based, however, on a broad definition of allometry that includes any monotonic shape change with size, and do not falsify the hypothesis of constrained narrow-sense allometry. Here, we present the first phylogenetic comparative study of narrow-sense allometric exponents based on a reanalysis of data on eye span and body size in stalk-eyed flies (Diopsidae). Consistent with a role in sexual selection, we found strong evidence that male slopes were tracking "optima" based on sexual dimorphism and relative male trait size. This tracking was slow, however, with estimated times of 2-3 million years for adaptation to exceed ancestral influence on the trait. Our results are therefore consistent with adaptive evolution on million-year time scales, but cannot rule out that static allometry may act as a constraint on eye-span adaptation at shorter time scales.

opencc-zeroDec 2008View details →

Data from: Phylogenetic utility of different types of molecular data used to infer evolutionary relationships among stalk-eyed flies (Diopsidae)

A phylogenetic hypothesis of relationships among 33 species of stalk-eyed flies was generated from a molecular data set comprised of three mitochondrial and three nuclear gene regions. A combined analysis of all the data equally weighted produced a single most parsimonious cladogram with relatively strong support at the majority of nodes. The phylogenetic utility of different classes of molecular data was also examined. In particular, using a number of different measures of utility in both a combined and separate analysis framework, we focus on the distinction between mitochondrial and nuclear genes, and faster-evolving characters and slower-evolving characters. For the first comparison, by nearly any measure of utility, the nuclear genes are substantially more informative for resolving diopsid relationships than are the mitochondrial genes. The nuclear genes exhibit less homoplasy, are less incongruent both with one another and with the combined data, and contribute more support to the combined analysis topology than the mitochondrial genes. Results from the second comparison, however, provide little evidence of a clear difference in utility. Despite indications of rapid divergence and saturation, faster-evolving characters in both the nuclear and mitochondrial data sets still provide substantial phylogenetic signal. In general, inclusion of the more rapidly evolving data consistently improves the congruence among partitions.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2018View details →

Fig. 1. A–C in Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical stalk-eyed fly Plagiocephalus Wiedemann (Diptera, Ulidiidae, Ulidiinae)

Fig. 1. A–C. Plagiocephalus lobularis, male: A. Head in frontal view; B. Body in dorsal view; C. Body in lateral view. D–F. Plagiocephalus latifrons, male: D. Head in frontal view; E. Body in dorsal view; F. Body in lateral view.