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297 results for “stress tolerance”
Data from: Breeding heat tolerant orchardgrass germplasm for summer persistence in high temperature stress environments of the southeastern United States
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Data from: Mycorrhization and chemical seed priming boost tomato stress tolerance by changing primary and defence metabolic pathways
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Data from: Resurrected “ancient” Daphnia genotypes show reduced thermal stress tolerance compared to modern descendants
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The tolerance of a keystone ecosystem engineer to extreme heat stress is hampered by microplastic leachates
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Data from: Local adaptation for enhanced salt tolerance reduces non-adaptive plasticity caused by osmotic stress
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Disentangling the influence of water limitation and simultaneous above and belowground herbivory on plant tolerance and resistance to stress
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Data from: Symbiodinium glynnii sp. nov., a species of stress-tolerant symbiotic dinoflagellates from pocilloporid and montiporid corals in the Pacific Ocean
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Soil microbe-induced plant volatiles can alert neighboring plants for tolerating heavy metal stress
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Data from: Glutaredoxin regulation of primary root growth confers early drought stress tolerance in pearl millet
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Data from: Beta diversity response to stress severity and heterogeneity in sensitive versus tolerant stream diatoms
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Beyond a single temperature threshold: applying a cumulative thermal stress framework to plant heat tolerance
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Drought stress and high heat tolerance in domesticated Phaseolus beans
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Data from: Evolutionary constraint on low elevation range expansion: defense-abiotic stress tolerance tradeoff in crosses of the ecological model Boechera stricta
Most transplant experiments across species geographic range boundaries indicate that adaptation to stressful environments outside the range is often constrained. However, the mechanisms of these constraints remain poorly understood. We used extended generation crosses from diverged high and low elevation populations. In experiments across low elevation range boundaries, there was selection on the parental lines for abiotic stress tolerance and resistance to herbivores. However, in support of a defense-tolerance tradeoff, extended generation crosses showed non-independent segregation of these traits in the lab across a drought-stress gradient and in the field across the low elevation range boundary. Genotypic variation in a marker from a region of the genome containing a candidate gene (MYC2) was associated with change in the genetic tradeoff. Thus, using crosses and forward genetics, we found experimental genetic and molecular evidence for a pleiotropic tradeoff that could constrain the evolution of range expansion.
Data from: Ecologically differentiated, stress tolerant endosymbionts in the dinoflagellate genus Symbiodinium (Dinophyceae) Clade D are different species.
We used an integrative genetics approach using sequences of (1) nuclear ribosomal rDNA (internal transcribed spacers and partial large subunit rDNA), (2) single-copy microsatellite nuclear DNA, (3) chloroplast-encoded 23S rDNA, (4) mitochondrial cytochrome b, and (5) repeat variation at eight microsatellite markers, to test the hypothesis that the stress-tolerant, 'morphologically cryptic' Clade D Symbiodinium (Dinophyceae) was composed of more than one species. Concordant phylogenetic and population genetic evidence clearly differentiate separately evolving, reproductively isolated lineages. We describe Symbiodinium boreum sp. nov. and S. eurythalpos sp. nov., two symbionts known to occur in colonies of the zebra coral, Oulastrea crispata (Scleractinia), which lives in turbid, marginal habitats extending from equatorial Southeast Asia to the main islands of Japan in the temperate northwest Pacific Ocean. Symbiodinium boreum was associated with O. crispata in temperate latitudes and S. eurythalpos was common to colonies in the tropics. The geographical ranges of both symbiont species overlapped in the subtropics where they sometimes co-occurred in the same host colony. Symbiodinium trenchii sp. nov. is also described. As a host-generalist symbiont, it often occurs in symbiosis with various species of Scleractinia possessing open (horizontal) modes of symbiont acquisition and is common to reef coral communities thriving in warm turbid reef habitats in the western Pacific Ocean, Indian Ocean, Arabian/Persian Gulf, Red Sea and western Atlantic (Caribbean). As is typical for dinoflagellates, S. boreum and S. eurythalpos were haploid, but microsatellite loci from field-collected and cultured S. trenchii often possessed two alleles, implying that a genome-wide duplication occurred during the evolution of this species. The recognition that Clade D Symbiodinium contains species exhibiting marked differences in host specificity and geographical distribution will yield greater scientific clarity about how stress-tolerant symbionts function in the ecological response of coral–dinoflagellate symbioses to global climate change.
Data from: Competitive reversal between plant species is driven by species-specific tolerance to flooding stress and nutrient acquisition during early marsh succession
1. Understanding plant species interactions along successional trajectories are critical for managing and restoring ecosystems, as both resource availability and abiotic stresses change over time to affect competitive outcomes and species distributions. Newly created ecosystems experience a succession of plants species and rapid changes in resource availability, which may influence the outcome of biotic interactions. How these biotic interactions vary along abiotic gradients in early successional systems is not well understood. 2. Here, we tested the hypothesis that species-specific tolerances to flooding would influence their relative ability to capture resources (i.e., nutrients) and affect competition intensity between pioneer and secondary successional species in an early successional created tidal marsh. We transplanted a competitively dominant higher marsh species, Spartina patens, across an elevation gradient within and outside of clones of a pioneer stress-tolerant low marsh species, Spartina alterniflora. 3. Within six months, Spartina alterniflora had suppressed the stature and growth of S. patens; however, the magnitude of this competitive effect increased at lower marsh elevations where S. alterniflora was more efficient at capturing available nitrogen (N). In unvegetated areas, where S. patens vigor was high, the amount of available N was approximately 40 times greater than within S. alterniflora clones. 4. Synthesis and applications. Our results demonstrate that competition intensity of the stress-tolerant species over the competitive species depended on relative resource capture in response to abiotic stress. Managing for specific vegetation communities in marsh restoration, therefore, requires insight into these relationships and interactions. Specifically, marsh restoration in high nutrient environments will limit the succession to high density competitive species due to competition with stress-tolerant pioneer species, particularly at lower elevations.
Data from: Temporally autocorrelated environmental fluctuations inhibit the evolution of stress tolerance
As global environmental conditions continue to change at an unprecedented rate many species will experience increases in natural and anthropogenic stress. Generally speaking, selection is expected to favor adaptations that reduce the negative impact of environmental stress (i.e., stress tolerance). However, natural environmental variables typically fluctuate, exhibiting various degrees of temporal autocorrelation, known as environmental 'colors,' which may complicate evolutionary responses to stress. Here we combine experiments and theory to show that temporal environmental autocorrelation can determine long-term evolutionary responses to stress, without affecting the total amount of stress experienced over time. Experimental evolution of RNA virus lineages in differing environmental autocorrelation treatments agreed closely with predictions from our theoretical models that stress tolerance is favored in less autocorrelated (whiter) environments but disfavored in more autocorrelated ('redder)ned' environments. This is explained by an interaction between environmental color autocorrelation and a phenotypic tradeoff between stress tolerance and reproductive ability. The degree to which environmental color autocorrelation influences evolutionary trajectories depends on the shape of this tradeoff as well as the relative level of tolerance exhibited by novel mutants. These results suggest that long-term evolutionary dynamics depend not only on the overall strength of selection, but also on the way that selection is distributed over time.
Data from: Experimental evaluation of the robustness of the growth-stress tolerance trade-off within the perennial grass Dactylis glomerata
1. A core tenet of functional ecology is that the vast phenotypic diversity observed in the plant kingdom could be partly generated by a trade- off between the ability of plants to grow quickly and acquire resources in rich environments vs. the ability to conserve resources and avoid mortality under stress. However, experimental demonstrations remain scarce and potentially blurred by phylogenetic constraints in cross-species analyses. Here we experimentally decoupled growth potential and stress survival by applying an off-season stress on contrasting populations of the perennial grass Dactylis glomerata exhibiting a range of seasonal dormancy. 2. Seventeen populations of D. glomerata, originating from a latitudinal gradient from Norway to Morocco, were subjected to three types of dehydration stress: winter frost in Norway, summer drought, and early spring (off-season) drought stress in the south of France. Growth rate, and two leaf traits (leaf width and leaf dry matter content) suspected to be involved in the adaptation to dehydration stress, were monitored under optimal conditions. We quantified plant dehydration survival as the amount of plant recovery after a severe stress. 3. Nordic populations were found to be winter dormant. Winter and summer dormant populations better survived frost and summer drought, respectively. However, no trade-off between growth potential and dehydration survival was detected in non-dormant plants in early spring when dehydration occurred unseasonably for all populations. Furthermore, Mediterranean populations better survived an early spring drought. 4. Our results highlight the importance of assessing plant growth potential as a response to seasonal environmental cues. They suggest that growth potential and stress survival trade-off when plants exhibit seasonal dormancy but can be functionally independent at other seasons. Consequently, the growth-stress survival relationship could be better described as a dynamic linkage rather than a constant and general trade-off. Moreover, leaf trait values, such as thinner and more lignified leaves reflecting drought adaptation, may have contributed to the improved drought-stress survival without resulting in a cost to growth. 5. Further exploration of the growth-stress survival relationship should permit deciphering the suite of plant traits and trait covariations involved in plants' responses to increasing stress.
Figure 1. A in Osmotic stress tolerance in semi-terrestrial tardigrades
Figure 1. A, Light micrograph of Ramazzottius oberhaeuseri. Scale bar = 100 µm. B, Activity in percentage (mean ƚ SEM) of R. oberhaeuseri in experimental series (N = 3–6) with acute exposures to 192 ƚ 1, 463 ƚ 1, 560 ƚ 1 and 758 1 mOsm kg—1 NaCl solutions. The four graph lines (open symbols) the activity in ƚ top express percentage (mean ƚ SEM) of the corresponding control groups (N = 3–6) in purified water. C, Light micrograph of Echiniscus testudo. Scale bar = 100 µm. D, Activity in percentage (mean ƚ SEM) of Echiniscus testudo in experimental series (N = 3–6) with acute exposures to 93 0, 192 1, 281 0 and 463 1 mOsm kg—1 NaCl solutions. The top four graph lines (open ƚ ƚ ƚ ƚ symbols) express the activity in percentage (mean ƚ SEM) of the corresponding control groups (N = 3–6) in purified water. In B and D t = 0 h represents the activity in purified water immediately prior to osmolyte exposure, whereas t = 24 h indicates the activity after exposure to a given test solution for 24 h. The tardigrades were subsequently transferred to purified water and their activity was assessed at t = 26 h, t = 48 h and t = 72 h.
Data from: The genomic basis of nitrogen utilization efficiency and trait plasticity to improve nutrient stress tolerance in cultivated sunflower
<p>Supplemental datafiles and raw genotype data for "The genomic basis of nitrogen utilization efficiency and trait plasticity to improve nutrient stress tolerance in cultivated sunflower" by Andries A. Temme, Kelly L. Kerr, Kristen M. Nolting, Emily L. Dittmar, Rishi R. Masalia, Alexander K. Bucksch, John M. Burke, Lisa A. Donovan. Journal of Experimental Botany 10.1093/jxb/erae025</p>
Historical exposure to chemicals reduces tolerance to novel chemical stress in Daphnia (waterflea)
<p>Until the last few decades, anthropogenic chemicals used in most production processes didn't have a comprehensive assessment of their risk and impact on wildlife and humans. They are transported globally and usually end up in the environment as unintentional pollutants causing long-term adverse effects. Modern toxicology practises typically use acute toxicity tests of unrealistic concentrations of chemicals to determine their safe use, missing pathological effects arising from long-term exposures to environmentally relevant concentrations. </p> <p>Here, we study the transgenerational effect of environmentally relevant concentrations of five chemicals on the priority list of international regulatory frameworks on the keystone species <em>Daphnia magna</em>. We expose <em>Daphnia </em>genotypes resurrected from the sedimentary archive of a lake with a known history of chemical pollution to the five chemicals to understand how historical exposure to chemicals influences adaptive responses to novel chemical stress. We measure within and transgenerational plasticity in fitness-linked life history traits following exposure of 'experienced' and 'naive' genotypes to novel chemical stress. As the revived <em>Daphnia </em>originates from the same genetic pool sampled at different times in the past, we are able to quantify the long-term evolutionary impact of chemical pollution by studying genome-wide diversity and identifying functional pathways affected by historical chemical stress. Our results suggest that historical exposure to chemical stress causes reduced genome-wide diversity, leading to lower cross-generational tolerance to novel chemical stress. Lower tolerance is underpinned by reduced gene diversity at detoxification, catabolism and endocrine genes in experienced genotypes. We show that these genes sit within pathways that are conserved and potential chemical targets in other species, including humans.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.