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174 results for “structural size”
National forest inventory data for a size-structured forest population model
<p>In forest communities, light competition is a key process for community assembly. Species' differences in seedling and sapling tolerance to shade cast by overstory trees is thought to determine species composition at late-successional stages. Most forests are distant from these late-successional equilibria, impeding a formal evaluation of their potential species composition. To extrapolate competitive equilibria from short-term data, we therefore introduce the JAB model, a parsimonious dynamic model with interacting size-structured populations, which focuses on sapling demography including the tolerance to overstory competition. We apply the JAB model to a two-"species" system from temperate European forests, i.e. the shade-tolerant species Fagus sylvatica L. and the group of all other competing species. Using Bayesian calibration with prior information from external Slovakian national forest inventory (NFI) data, we fit the JAB model to short timeseries from the German NFI. We use the posterior estimates of demographic rates to extrapolate that F. sylvatica will be the predominant species in 94% of the competitive equilibria, despite only predominating in 24% of the initial states. We further simulate counterfactual equilibria with parameters switched between species to assess the role of different demographic processes for competitive equilibria. These simulations confirm the hypothesis that the higher shade-tolerance of F. sylvatica saplings is key for its long-term predominance. Our results highlight the importance of demographic differences in early life stages for tree species assembly in forest communities.</p>
Changes in vertical and horizontal diversities mediated by the size structure of introduced fish collectively shape food-web stability
<p><span>Species introductions can alter local food-web structure by changing the vertical or horizontal diversity within communities, largely driven by their body size distributions. Increasing vertical and horizontal diversities is predicted to have opposing effects on stability. However, their interactive effects remain largely overlooked. We investigated the independent and collective effects of vertical and horizontal diversities on food-web stability</span><span> in alpine lakes stocked with variable body size distributions of introduced fish species. I</span><span>ntroduced predators destabilize food-webs by </span><span>increasing vertical diversity through food chain lengthening</span><span>. Alternatively, increasing horizontal diversity results in more </span><span>stable food-web topologies. A non-linear interaction between vertical and horizontal diversities </span>suggests that increasing vertical diversity is most destabilizing when horizontal diversity is low<span>.</span> <span>Our findings suggest </span>that the size structure of introduced predators drives their impacts on stability by modifying the structure of food-webs, and highlights the <span>interactive effects of vertical and horizontal diversities on stability.</span></p>
Leveraging the strengths of citizen science and structured surveys to achieve scalable inference on population size
<ol> <li>Population size is a key metric for management and policy decisions, yet wildlife monitoring programs are often limited by the spatial and temporal scope of surveys. In these cases, citizen science data may provide complementary information at higher resolution and greater extent.</li> <li>We present a case study demonstrating how data from the eBird citizen science program can be combined with regional monitoring efforts by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service to produce high-resolution estimates of golden eagle abundance. We developed a model that uses aerial survey data from the western United States to calibrate high-resolution annual estimates of relative abundance from eBird. Using this model, we compared regional population size estimates based on the calibrated eBird information to those based on aerial survey data alone.</li> <li>Population size estimates based on the calibrated eBird information had strong correspondence to estimates from aerial survey data in two out of four regions, and population trajectories based on the two approaches showed high correlations.</li> <li>We demonstrate how the combination of citizen science data and targeted surveys can be used to (a) increase the spatial resolution of population size estimates, (b) extend the spatial extent of inference, and (c) predict population size beyond the temporal period of surveys. Findings based on this case study can be used to refine policy metrics used by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and inform permitting regulations (e.g., mortality/harm associated with wind energy development).</li> <li> <em>Policy implications</em>. Our results demonstrate the ability of citizen science data to complement targeted monitoring programs and improve the efficacy of decision frameworks that require information on population size or trajectory. After validating citizen science data against survey-based benchmarks, agencies can harness strengths of citizen science data to supplement information needs and increase the resolution and extent of population size predictions.</li> </ol>
National forest inventory data for a size-structured forest population model
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Data from: Context-dependent body size evolution in lacertid lizards: Differential role of structural habitat and climate across radiations
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Data from: Multispecies pangenomes reveal a pervasive influence of population size on structural variation
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Leveraging the strengths of citizen science and structured surveys to achieve scalable inference on population size
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Changes in vertical and horizontal diversities mediated by the size structure of introduced fish collectively shape food-web stability
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The heritability of size in a wild annual plant population with hierarchical size structure
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Data set related to the manuscript "Ionic liquids under confinement: From systematic variations of the ion and pore sizes towards an understanding of structure and dynamics in complex porous carbons"
<p>Graphical files in the agr format for all the figures in the main text of the manuscript entitled "Ionic liquids under confinement: From systematic variations of the ion and pore sizes towards an understanding of structure and dynamics in complex porous carbons" (10.1021/acsami.9b16740). Example of input file for one of the systems simulated.</p>
Data from: Characterizing morphological (co)variation using structural equation models: body size, allometric relationships and evolvability in a house sparrow metapopulation
Body size plays a key role in the ecology and evolution of all organisms. Therefore, quantifying the sources of morphological (co)variation, dependent and independent of body size, is of key importance when trying to understand and predict responses to selection. We combine structural equation modeling with quantitative genetics analyses to study morphological (co)variation in a meta-population of house sparrows (Passer domesticus). As expected, we found evidence of a latent variable 'body size', causing genetic and environmental covariation between morphological traits. Estimates of conditional evolvability show that allometric relationships constrain the independent evolution of house sparrow morphology. We also found spatial differences in general body size and its allometric relationships. On islands where birds are more dispersive and mobile, individuals were smaller and had proportionally longer wings for their body size. While in islands where sparrows are more sedentary and nest in dense colonies, individuals were larger and had proportionally longer tarsi for their body size. We corroborated these results using simulations and show that our analyses produce unbiased allometric slope estimates. This study highlights that in the short term allometric relationships may constrain phenotypic evolution, but that in the long term selection pressures can also shape allometric relationships.
Patch size and vegetation structure drive changes to mixed-species flock diversity and composition across a gradient of fragment sizes in the Western Andes of Colombia
<p>This data set represents a series of 502 mixed-species bird flock compositions, and derived taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity indices, that were gathered along a gradient of forest fragment sizes (range = 10-173 ha) in the Colombian Western Andes. We sampled mixed-species flocks using transect surveys along 14 transects in 8 fragments and a continuous forest reference site in the same landscape and at the same elevation (~1900-2200 m.a.s.l.). We also used buffer analysis to quantify the proportion of forest cover and forest edge within 1 km of each transect, and calculated local vegetation density and complexity, as well as distance from edge, for each 100-meter transect segment (<em>n</em> = 70 segments). Flock composition data observed on a transect were used to calculate overall species richness and flock size as well as two indices of functional and phylogenetic diversity; we calculated the stadardized effect size (SES) of each measure to account for the correlation between these measures and species richness. We also provide the raw counts of each species for each flock composition. These data were used for the analyses in Jones and Robinson (2020). </p>
A data set on_Electrical and colloidal properties of hydrogenated nanodiamonds: effects of structure, composition and size
<p>The data set to paper: </p> <p>Electrical and colloidal properties of hydrogenated nanodiamonds: effects of structure, composition and size</p> <p>Stepan Stehlik1,2*, Ondrej Szabo2, Ekaterina Shagieva2, Daria Miliaieva2, Alexander Kromka2, Zuzana Nemeckova3, Jiri Henych3, 4, Jan Kozempel5, Evgeny Ekimov6, Bohuslav Rezek7</p> <p>1 New Technologies – Research Centre, University of West Bohemia, Univerzitní 8, 306 14, Pilsen, Czechia<br>2 Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Cukrovarnická 10, 162 00 Prague 6, Czechia<br>3 Institute of Inorganic Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 250 68 Husinec-Řež, Czechia<br>4 Faculty of Environment, Jan Evangelista Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem, Pasteurova 3632/15, 400 96 Ústí nad Labem, Czechia<br>5 Department of Nuclear Chemistry, Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Břehová 7, Prague 1, 115 19, Czechia<br>6 Vereshchagin Institute for High Pressure Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 108840, Russia<br>7 Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Technická 2, 166 27 Prague, Czechia</p> <p>*principal investigator: stehlik@fzu.cz</p> <p>Data manager: Jan Jaroš: Jan.Jaros2@vut.cz</p> <p>Date of data collection: 1. 6. 2020 - 18. 1. 2024</p> <p>All the data showed in the pictures are provided in X-Y format with described sample. Always, the respective Figure to which the data belong is provided in high resolution. <br>The data are in the following formats: <br>Figure 1: tiff, csv<br>Figure 2: tiff, csv<br>Figure 3: tiff, csv<br>Figure 4: tiff, csv<br>Figure 5: tiff, csv<br>Figure 6: tiff</p> <p>Data acquistion methods and conditions and data processing is provided in the Experimental part in the publication: DOI:10.1016/j.cartre.2024.100327</p> <p> </p> <p><span> </span></p>
Changes in phytoplankton size-structure alter trophic-transfer in a temperate, coastal planktonic food-web
<p>Datasets, Metadata, Figures and Matlab codes used to produce the figures used in "Changes in phytoplankton size-structure alter trophic-transfer in a temperate, coastal planktonic food-web"</p>
Sex-specific evolution of brain size, brain structure, and covariation with eye size in Trinidadian killifish
<p>Links between contrasting ecological conditions and evolutionary shifts in neurosensory components such as brain and eye size are accumulating. Whether selection operates differently on these traits between sexes is unclear. Trinidadian killifish (<em>Anablepsoides hartii</em>) are located in sites with and without predators. Male killifish from sites without predators have evolved larger brains and eyes than males from sites with predators. These differences in brain size are present early in life but disappear in adult size-classes. Here, we evaluated female brain growth allometries to determine if females exhibit similar size-specific brain size differences between sites that differ in predation intensity. We also quantified brain size, structure, and eye size to determine if these structures coevolve in a sex-specific manner. We found that female brain growth allometries did not differ across populations. Yet, female killifish from sites without predators exhibited a larger cerebellum, optic tectum, and dorsal medulla early in life (prior to maturation), but such differences disappeared in larger size-classes. Females from sites with predators exhibit similar patterns in brain growth as males in those sites, therefore shifts in brain size and structure are driven by differences between sexes in sites without predators. We also found evidence for covariation between brain and eye size in both sexes despite different levels of variation in both structures, suggesting that these structures may covary to fluctuating degrees in sex-specific ways. We conclude that differential investment in brain tissue in sites without predators may be linked to varying reproductive and cognitive demands across the sexes.</p>
Body size variation in polyplacophoran mollusks: geographic clines and community structure along the Southeastern Pacific
<p><strong>Aim</strong>: To evaluate the latitudinal pattern of body size within and among chiton species employing phylogenetically structured analyses, and to examine the role of geographic variation in temperature, productivity and oxygen availability as potential environmental drivers.</p> <p><strong>Location</strong>: Coastal habitats of the Southeastern Pacific along a latitudinal range of nearly 6,000 km, from the Equator to Patagonia (~ 2º to 56º S).</p> <p><strong>Time Period</strong>: Present (2011 – 2017).</p> <p><strong>Major taxa</strong>: 31 species of polyplacophoran mollusks.</p> <p><strong>Methods</strong>: We measured the body length of 6,162 individuals collected in 62 sites, and reconstructed the phylogeny of this group based on two mitochondrial and one nuclear gene regions. We combined this information with data of sea surface temperature, chlorophyll-a concentration –as a proxy of primary productivity– and dissolved oxygen, and assessed which variables best explain the variation in size both within and among species employing phylogenetic generalised least squares (PGLS) and a model comparison approach.</p> <p><strong>Main conclusions</strong>: Our analyses show that body size increases consistently with latitude, both within and among species, following Bergmann's rule. Variation in sea surface temperature along the latitudinal gradient provided a substantially better fit than chlorophyll-a and dissolved oxygen. Our results support the temperature-size rule for this lineage and suggest that similar processes could underlie the emergence of intra and interspecific gradients in body size of polyplacophorans. At the community level, chiton species richness was higher at intermediate latitudes and positively correlated with body size variation, suggesting that heterogeneity in size may reduce interspecific competition and contribute to species coexistence in this group. Overall, our study demonstrates that historical events, macroecological adaptive trends and local processes at the community level contribute to the distribution and size variation of polyplacophoran species along the Southeastern Pacific.</p>
Fig. 4 in The Body Size, Age Structure And Growth Pattern Of The Endemic Balkan Mosor Rock Lizard (Dinarolacerta Mosorensis Kolombatović, 1886)
Fig. 4. The age distribution in subadult and adult Mosor rock lizards
Fig. 2 in Altitudinal Variation In Population Density, Body Size And Morphometric Structure In C A R A B U S O D O R At U S S H I L, 1996 (C O L E O P T E R A: Carabidae)
Fig. 2. Sampling localities of C. odoratus.
Fig. 9 in Altitudinal Variation In Population Density, Body Size And Morphometric Structure In C A R A B U S O D O R At U S S H I L, 1996 (C O L E O P T E R A: Carabidae)
Fig. 9. Results of each trait variation in C. odoratus at different altitudes.
Figure 4 in Zooplankton abundance, biomass, and size structure in the coastal waters of the northeastern Mediterranean Sea
Figure 4. Annual mean values of zooplankton biomass and abundance.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.