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2,951 results for “succession”
Data from: A new approach to map landscape variation in forest restoration success in tropical and temperate forest biomes
1. A high level of variation of biodiversity recovery within a landscape during forest restoration presents obstacles to ensure large scale, cost-effective, and long-lasting ecological restoration. There is an urgent need to predict landscape variation in forest restoration success at a global scale. 2. We conducted a meta-analysis comprising 135 study landscapes to predict and map landscape variation in forest restoration success in tropical and temperate forest biomes. Our analysis was based on the amount of forest cover within a landscape – a key driver of forest restoration success. We contrasted 17 generalized linear models measuring forest cover at different landscape sizes (with buffers varying from 5 to 200 km radii). We identified the most plausible model to predict and map landscape variation in forest restoration success. We then weighted landscape variation by the amount of potentially restorable areas (agriculture and pasture land areas) within the same landscape. Finally, we estimated restoration costs of implementing Bonn Challenge commitments in three specific temperate and tropical forest biome types in USA, Brazil and Uganda. 3. Landscape variation decreased exponentially as the amount of forest cover increased in the landscape, with stronger effects within a 5 km radius. Thirty-eight percent of forest biomes have landscapes with more than 27% of forest cover and showed levels of landscape variation below 10%. Landscapes with less than 6% of forest cover showed levels of variation in forest restoration success above 50%. 4. At the biome level, Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests had the lowest (12.6%), while Tropical and Subtropical Dry Broadleaf Forests had the highest (22.9%) average of weighted landscape variation in forest restoration success. Our approach can lead to a reduction in implementation costs for each Bonn Challenge commitment between US$ 973 Mi and 9.9 Bi. 5. Policy implications. Our approach identifies landscape characteristics that increase the likelihood of biodiversity recovery during forest restoration – and potentially the chances of natural regeneration and long-term ecological sustainability and functionality. Identifying areas with low levels of landscape variation can help to reduce the risks and financial costs associated with implementing ambitious restoration commitments.
Vortex input files -- McHugh et al. Staying Alive: Long-term success of small cetacean interventions in southwest Florida
<p>Vortex input file used to generate population level impacts in the manuscript "Staying Alive: Long-term success of small cetacean interventions in southwest Florida", by K. A. McHugh, et al. </p>
Six questions to shifting the focus from more to more successful generational renewal in farming
<p>One important longer-term building-block of a farming system’s resilience is generational renewal. Vice versa, farming systems are only attractive for the younger generation to enter if they offer long-term prospects. Within the EU, regional farming systems differ enormously with regard to their organisational and demographic characteristics, their production systems, and their local natural, institutional, and infrastructural conditions. Accordingly, generational renewal is multifaceted and related to many different issues, such as whether and how farms should organise farm succession, how farms can ensure the availability of a sufficient labour force, how they can adapt to and prepare for generational and demographic changes, and how the younger generation can benefit from the training and employment opportunities in the farming sector. Fuelled by key findings of the SURE-Farm Project, the aim of this business brief is to raise awareness among farmers and stakeholders of opportunities and challenges related to the various aspects of generational renewal.</p>
The Orpheus of Delhi: The Maestro Khushhal Khan and the Mughal War of Succession, 1657-8
<p>The images that accompany this podcast may be found here: <a href="https://gate.sc?url=https%3A%2F%2Fblogs.bl.uk%2Fasian-and-african%2F2018%2F03%2Fcanonical-hindustani-music-treatises-of-aurangzeb-alamgirs-reign.html&token=2ba707-1-1609325170470">blogs.bl.uk/asian-and-african/2…alamgirs-reign.html</a> .</p> <p>What was the connection between the power of Indian music and the Mughal emperor’s sovereign power? And why is there a picture of Orpheus above the Mughal throne in Delhi?</p> <p>Perhaps the most famous anecdote of the reign of emperor Aurangzeb (r.1658–1707) concerns his “burial of music”, a parodic funeral procession put on by devastated court musicians in protest at the Emperor having banned music in 1668. In legend, the leader of this procession was Khushhal Khan “Gunasamudra” (fl. 1630s–70s), one of the most feted court musicians of his time. Great-grand-son of the most famous Mughal musician of them all, Tansen, and chief musician to the emperor Shah Jahan (r. 1627–58), he was written about extensively in his lifetime as a virtuoso singer of exceptional merit and serious character.</p> <p>Yet this was not how he was memorialised a hundred years later in 1753, when nobleman Inayat Khan “Rasikh” put the legends of the great Mughal musicians of the past into a biographical collection for the first time. Rather, Khushhal was remembered as the protagonist in a shocking scandal that supernaturally sealed Shah Jahan’s fate:— to be overthrown by his son Aurangzeb in the Mughal War of Succession, 1657–8. In this podcast I retell this story from Khushhal Khan’s life from the vantage point of the 1750s looking back over the canonical Mughal writings on music of Shah Jahan’s and Aurangzeb’s reigns. And I reveal what all this tells us about the power and importance of music at the Mughal court, before everything began to unravel.</p> <p>1. Panipat, 1753 – 0:00<br> 2. The War of Succession, 1657-8 – 7:20<br> 3. Khushhal Khan’s Story – 12:30<br> 4. The Powers of Music – 26:02<br> 5. Panipat, 1753 – 35:34</p> <p>This podcast is part of the project Histories of the Ephemeral: Writing on Music in Late Mughal India, sponsored by the British Academy in association with the British Library; additional research was funded by the European Research Council.</p> <p>The Orpheus of Delhi was written by me, Katherine Butler Schofield (King's College London), and is based on my original research. It was produced by Chris Elcombe <a href="https://gate.sc?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.linkedin.com%2Fin%2Fchris-elcombe-523a60116%2F&token=6f5c9c-1-1609325170470">www.linkedin.com/in/chris-elcombe-523a60116/</a> and is published under a Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives (CC–BY-NC–ND)license.</p> <p>The recordings of Rag Bilaskhani Todi — the main form of Rag Todi in the time of Khushhal Khan, and legendarily created by his grandfather Bilas Khan — are courtesy of:</p> <p>Rakae Jamil on surbahar: <a href="https://soundcloud.com/sanjannagar/surbahar-rakae-edited">Sanjannagar – Surbahar-rakae-edited</a> . By permission.</p> <p>M V N Murthy on veena, Veena-Murthy-19-4-2011 recorded by xserra. Licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution Licence CC BY 4.0: <a href="https://gate.sc?url=https%3A%2F%2Ffreesound.org%2Fpeople%2Fxserra%2Fsounds%2F125655%2F&token=c8e001-1-1609325170470">freesound.org/people/xserra/sounds/125655/</a></p> <p>Pamulka Karunanayake on esraj:<br> <a href="https://soundcloud.com/pamalka-karunanayake/raga-bilaskhani-todi-madhya-laya">Pamalka-karunanayake – Raga-bilaskhani-todi-madhya-laya</a> . By permission.</p> <p>Lothar Berger, Soumyojit Das & Sourendro Mullick, “Nachtgesang/Bilaskhani Todi”: <a href="https://soundcloud.com/lothar-berger-music/nachtgesang-bilaskhani-todi">Lothar-berger-music – Nachtgesang-bilaskhani-todi</a> . By permission.</p> <p>Professor Ritwik Sanyal, dhrupad composition by Bilas Khan himself, recorded in Benares by Hans Wettstein in 1995: <a href="https://gate.sc?url=https%3A%2F%2Fyoutu.be%2F5l9hxmD5ul8&token=91faaa-1-1609325170470">youtu.be/5l9hxmD5ul8</a> . By permission.</p> <p>With thanks to: the British Academy, the European Research Council, the British Library, Yale University Art Gallery, Ebba Koch, William Dalrymple and Bruce Wannell. For more episodes and information email <a href="mailto:katherine.schofield@kcl.ac.uk">katherine.schofield@kcl.ac.uk</a>.</p>
Data from: Nitrogen acquisition of Central European herbaceous plants that differ in their global naturalization success
<p>It is frequently assumed that species capable of fast nitrogen (N) acquisition under different N-availability conditions should have a higher establishment success after their introduction into new regions. However, few experimental studies have explicitly tested this. Our multispecies experiment tested whether global naturalization success of plant species native to Central Europe is related to a high N-acquisition ability.</p> <p>We selected 41 common herbaceous species native to Germany that have all become naturalized, and thus been introduced, elsewhere. Twenty-two of these species are widely naturalized and 19 are less widely naturalized. We grew the 41 grassland species, sampled in Germany, under low and high N conditions in a greenhouse experiment, and assessed their N-acquisition abilities.</p> <p>Although the widely naturalized species grew faster on average, they had a significantly lower N-uptake rate than the less widely naturalized ones. The widely naturalized species, however, had a marginally significantly higher root-mass fraction. Despite these differences, the total plant N-content did on average not differ between the two groups of species. However, N addition tended to increase the total plant N-content more for the widely naturalized species than for the less widely naturalized species. Nitrogen addition also increased biomass production and N-uptake rate, and decreased the root-mass fraction of plants, but these responses did not differ between widely and less widely naturalized species.</p> <p>We conclude that although fast-growing species tend to have a higher global naturalization success than slow-growing species, the naturalization success of plants is not necessarily related to a high N-acquisition ability.</p>
PsPM-SCRV7: Skin conductance responses to white noise sounds in quick succession
<p>This dataset includes skin conductance response (SCR) measurements for each of 22 healthy unmedicated participants (11 males and 11 females aged 24.7+/-4.5 years) in response to white noise stimulation (1s length; 10ms ramp; ~85dB) under 5 experimental conditions: single stimuli, double stimuli with ISI of 2.5s, 5.5s or 9s and triple stimuli with ISIs randomly determined to be 2s, 5.5s or 9s.</p>
The road to success and the fences to be crossed: Considering multiple infrastructure in landscape connectivity modelling (Dataset and script)
<p>Linear infrastructure represent a barrier to movement for many species, reducing the connectivity of the landscapes in which they reside. Of all linear infrastructure, roads and fences are two of the most ubiquitous, and are understood to reduce landscape connectivity for wildlife. However, what is often neglected consideration is a holistic approach of modelling the effects of multiple types of linear infrastructure simultaneously. Few studies have examined this, typically assessing the impacts of a singular kind of infrastructure on landscape connectivity. Therefore, the aim of this study is to address the relative importance of considering multiple kinds of linear infrastructure in landscape connectivity modelling. We utilised presence data of red deer <em>Cervus elaphus</em> and wild boar <em>Sus scrofa</em> in Doñana Biosphere Reserve (Spain) to generate a sequential approach of scenarios of landscape connectivity; firstly only with environmental variables, secondly with roads as the sole infrastructure, thirdly with the addition of fences, and finally with the further addition of fences and wildlife road-crossing structures. We found that the connectivity of the landscape was greatly affected by the addition of fences and wildlife road-crossing structures in both species, with fences in particular causing considerable alterations to estimated movement pathways. Our finding impresses a need to consider multiple different types of linear infrastructure when modelling landscape connectivity to enable a more realistic view of wildlife movement and inform mitigation and conservation measures more accurately.</p>
Forest restoration and fuels reduction work: Different pathways for achieving success in the Sierra Nevada
Fire suppression and past selective logging of large trees have fundamentally changed frequent-fire adapted forests in California. The culmination of these changes produced forests that are vulnerable to catastrophic change by wildfire, drought, and bark beetles, with climate change exacerbating this vulnerability. Management options available to address this problem include mechanical treatments (Mech), prescribed fire (Fire), or combinations of these treatments (Mech + Fire). We quantify changes in forest structure and composition, fuel accumulation, modeled fire behavior, inter-tree competition, and economics from a 20-year forest restoration study in the northern Sierra Nevada. All three active treatments (Fire, Mech, Mech + Fire) produced forest conditions that were much more resistant to wildfire than the untreated control. The treatments that included prescribed fire (Fire, Mech + Fire) produced the lowest surface and duff fuel loads and the lowest modeled fire hazards. Mech produced low fire hazards beginning 7-years after the initial treatment and Mech + Fire had lower tree growth than controls. The only treatment that produced inter-tree competition similar to historical California mixed-conifer forests was Mech + Fire, indicating that stands under this treatment would likely be more resilient to enhanced forest stressors. While Fire reduced modeled fire hazard and reintroduced a fundamental ecosystem process, it was done at a net cost to the landowner. Using Mech that included mastication and commercial thinning resulted in positive revenues and was also relatively strong as an investment in reducing modeled fire hazard. The Mech + Fire treatment represents a compromise between the desire to sustain financial feasibility and the desire to reintroduce fire. One key component to long-term forest conservation will be continued treatments to maintain or improve the conditions from forest restoration. Many Indigenous people speak of 'active stewardship' as one of the key principles in land management and this aligns well with the need for increased restoration in western US forests. If we do not use the knowledge from 20+ years of forest research and the much longer tradition of Indigenous cultural practices and knowledge, frequent-fire forests will continue to be degraded and lost.
Figure 3 in On the successful acclimatization of the Colorado potato beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say, 1824) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in Primorsky kray
Figure 3. Modelling of the ecological niches of the Colorado potato beetle for the Far Eastern, European, and North American habitats by the method of metric two-dimensional
Intensive male competition caused severity of trauma in female genital tracts predicts female reproductive success and longevity in strictly monandrous wolf spiders
<p>This is the raw data for the manuscript of Dr. Shichang Zhang from Hubei University entitled: <strong>Intensive male competition caused severity of trauma in female genital tracts predicts female reproductive success and longevity in strictly monandrous wolf spiders. </strong></p>
Data for: Hunting mode and habitat selection mediate the success of human hunters
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>As a globally widespread apex predator, humans have unprecedented lethal and non-lethal effects on prey populations and ecosystems<span>. </span>Yet compared to non-human predators<span>, little is known about the </span>drivers and consequences of<span> </span>human<span> hunt</span>ing behavior<span>.<strong> </strong>Here, we characterized the hunting modes, habi</span>tat selection,<span> and harvest success of 483 rifle hunters in California</span> using<span> high-resolu</span>tion <span>GPS </span>data<span>. We used Hidden Markov Models to characterize fine-scale behavior, and k-means clustering to group hunters by hunting mode, on the basis of their time spent in each behavioral state. Hunters exhibited three distinct and successful hunting modes ("coursing", "stalking", and "sit-and-wait"), with stalking as the most successful strategy. Across hunting modes, there was variation in patterns of selection for roads, topography, and habitat cover, with </span>important<span> differences in habitat use of successful and unsuccessful hunters across modes. Our study indicates that hunters can successfully employ a diversity of harvest strategies, and </span>that<span> hunting success </span>is <span>mediated by the </span>interacting effects of<span> hunting mod</span>e and <span>landscape features. Such results high</span>light the breadth of human hunting modes, even within a single hunting technique, and lend insight into the varied ways that humans exert predation pressure on wildlife.</span></p>
Peatland restoration in Norway – evaluation of ongoing monitoring and identification of plant indicators of restoration success
<p>Norway launched a national action plan on wetland restoration in 2016. So far, 90% of the restoration effort has been on peatland restoration, with about 140 mires restored so far. There are three main restoration goals stated in the action plan: 1) Limit greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, 2) climate adaptation, and 3) improve ecological condition. Quantifying the outcome of the restoration actions is necessary to evaluate whether the goals of the action plan are met. A vegetation monitoring protocol was suggested before restoration started and has been implemented at five restoration sites. As the peatland restoration effort in Norway is increasing, it is timely to evaluate if the data currently collected can measure peatland restoration outcomes. We evaluate the monitoring protocol based on statistical analyses of the data collected at two sites, describe how indicator species can be identified using generalized composition data used as the basis for classifying habitats in Norway (EcoSyst framework), and suggest the way forward for peatland restoration monitoring in Norway. Data collected according to the monitoring protocol can document changes in species composition at restoration sites but has limitations when the ecological complexity at the sites increases and reference sites are unavailable. We argue that adjusting the monitoring protocol will: 1) Facilitate alignment with existing peatland research; 2) connect better with monitoring programs where data is collected applying EcoSyst framework principles; and 3) enable upscaling to cover the wide variation emerging in peatland restoration.</p>
Solitary foundation or colony fission in ants: an intraspecific study shows that worker presence and number increase colony foundation success
<p>Datasets for the paper published in Oecologia entitled "Solitary foundation or colony fission in ants: an intraspecific study shows that worker presence and number increase colony foundation success"</p> <p>Script_article.R : R code to analyze the data</p> <p>Data.txt : Growth data</p> <p>donnees_survie.txt : Survival data</p> <p>donnees_presence_nid.txt : Data of the presence of queens in the nest</p>
Data from: Promoting success in thin layer sediment placement: effects of sediment grain size and amendments on salt marsh plant growth and greenhouse gas exchange
<p>Thin layer sediment placement (TLP) is a method to mitigate factors resulting in loss of elevation and severe alteration of hydrology, such as sea level rise and anthropogenic modifications, and prolong the lifespan of drowning salt marshes. However, TLP success may vary due to plant stress associated with reductions in nutrient availability and hydrologic flushing or through the creation of acid sulfate soils. This study examined the influence of sediment grain size and soil amendments on plant growth, soil and porewater characteristics, and greenhouse gas exchange for three key US salt marsh plants: <em>Spartina alterniflora, Spartina patens, </em>and <em>Salicornia pacifica. </em>We found that bioavailable nitrogen concentrations (measured as extractable NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N) and porewater pH and salinity were found to have an inverse relationship with grain size, while soil redox was more reducing in finer sediments. This suggests that utilizing finer sediments in TLP projects will result in a more reduced environment with higher nutrient availability, while larger grain-sized sediments will be better flushed and oxidized. We further found that grain size had a significant effect on vegetation biomass allocation and rates of gas exchange, although these effects were species-specific. We found that soil amendments (biochar and compost) did not subsidize plant growth but were associated with increases in soil respiration and methane emissions. Biochar amendments were additionally ineffective in ameliorating acid sulfate conditions. This study uncovers complex interactions between sediment type and vegetation, emphasizing limitations of soil amendments. The findings aid restoration project managers in making informed decisions regarding sediment type, target vegetation, and soil amendments for successful TLP projects.</p>
Relative breeding timing and reproductive success of a resident montane bird species
<p>The phenological match-mismatch hypothesis predicts that animals that better synchronize critical life history events with the peak availability of their primary food source should have higher fitness. If phenological match-mismatch determines breeding success, most individuals in a population may be expected to breed simultaneously within a given year because selection has favored mechanisms that allow for the tracking of optimal food abundance. Therefore, individuals that breed too early or too late relative to the bulk of the population ("peak" of breeding) should experience decreased fitness. Using 11 years of data, we investigated the effect of relative breeding timing on breeding success in resident mountain chickadees (Poecile gambeli) across two elevations in the Sierra Nevada mountains, USA. Chickadees that bred during the peak of nesting did not have the highest breeding success; instead, birds that bred earliest performed best at high elevation, while at low elevation early and peak nests performed similarly. Breeding success decreased linearly with relative timing at both high and low elevations, and the relationship between breeding success and timing differed among years. Our results suggest that phenological match-mismatch may not be the main driver of within-year variation in breeding success in animals residing in montane environments.</p>
Reproductive success of hatchery- and natural-spawning sockeye salmon, Auke Creek, Alaska
<p>Evaluating salmon hatchery supplementation programs requires assessing not only program objectives but identifying potential risks to wild populations as well. Such evaluations can be hampered by difficulty in distinguishing between hatchery- and wild-born returning adults. Here, we conducted three years (2011–2013) of experimental hatchery supplementation of sockeye salmon in Auke Lake, Juneau, Alaska where a permanent weir allows sampling and genotyping of every returning adult (2008–2019). We identified both hatchery- and wild-born returning adults with parentage assignment, quantified the productivity (adult offspring/spawner) of hatchery spawners relative to that of wild spawners, and compared run timing, age, and size at age between hatchery- and wild-born adults. Hatchery-spawning females produced approximately six to 50 times more returning adults than did naturally spawning females. Supplementation had no discernable effect on run timing and limited consequences for size at age, but we observed a distinct shift to younger age at maturity in the hatchery-born individuals in all three brood years. The shift appeared to be driven by hatchery-born fish being more likely to emigrate after one, rather than two, years in the lake but the cause is unknown. In cases when spawning or incubation habitat is limiting sockeye salmon production, hatchery supplementation can be effective for enhancing the number of returning adult fish but not without the risk of phenotypic change in the recipient population, which can be an undesired outcome of hatchery supplementation. This study adds to a growing body of evidence suggesting that phenotypic change within a single generation of captive spawning might be widespread in salmon hatchery programs.</p>
Changes in the factors influencing forest floor BVOC emissions during forest succession
<p>The files have been uploaded to comply with AGU and journal requirements, particularly the "Open Research" section, which provides links to the data and analytical code necessary for the peer review process. This initiative aims to support transparent and reproducible science. </p> <ul> <li>Data analysis and the ploting of Figure2 in manuscript, along with Figure S1-S3 and Table S1-S4 in supporting information, were conducted using R Studio. The file "Forest floor BVOC emissions_analyses and plots.R" and datasets "ForestFloor.csv", "boxplot_BVOC_ca.csv", "boxplot_BVOC_fi.csv", "boxplot_BVOC_ru.csv", "SamplingSite_1.csv" were utilized for this purpose.</li> <li>To generate Figure 3 in the manuscript, the file "SIMCA 18 for Fig 3.dox" and dataset "ForestFloor.xlsx" were used. The word file provide the the trial software link. </li> <li>For the analysis and ploting of Figure 4 in the manuscript, the file "PLS_PM.R" and dataset "BVOC_PLSR_PM.csv" were employed. </li> <li>The file "For Fig S4.xlsx" was used to create Figure S4 in the supporting information. </li> </ul> <p>Abstract in article</p> <p><span>The boreal forest floor is a crucial source of diverse biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) emitted into the atmosphere. Climate change is increasing in the frequency of wildfires in the boreal forest, major disturbances with lasting impacts on the ecosystem, particularly the forest floor. Wildfires changed BVOC sources and emissions, influencing aerosol formation during forest succession across various age classes. This study quantified BVOC emissions from the forest floor and characterized microenvironmental conditions, including abiotic factors (air temperature, soil temperature, soil moisture, light intensity) and biotic factors (ground vegetation composition, species coverage, soil respiration). Our objective was to understand how abiotic and biotic factors influence the forest floor BVOC emissions during forest succession. Path models revealed direct influences of ground vegetation composition on isoprene and monoterpene emissions. Sesquiterpene emissions were mainly regulated by abiotic factors, while isoprene and monoterpene emissions were influenced both directly and indirectly by abiotic factors. The indirect impact of abiotic factors was manifested through biotic factors, including vegetation and soil processes. Effect sizes of influencing factors varied across different forest age areas, with temperature exerting a larger impact in earlier burned areas compared to recently burned areas. The influence of soil moisture on BVOC emissions diminished with forest age. Our findings indicated the importance of identifying influencing factors and their relationship with forest floor BVOC emissions during different stages of forest succession for predicting the effect of post-wildfire forest succession on the BVOC emission patterns and, consequently, their impact on climate.<span> </span></span></p>
Baseline glucocorticoids alone do not predict reproductive success across years but in interaction with enzymatic antioxidants
<p>Glucocorticoids are known to adjust organismal functions, such as metabolism, in response to environmental conditions. Therefore, these hormones are thought to play a key role in regulating the metabolically demanding aspects of reproduction, especially in variable environments. However, support for the hypothesis that variation in glucocorticoid concentrations predicts reproductive success is decidedly mixed. Two explanations may account for this discrepancy: a) glucocorticoids might not act independently but could interact with other physiological traits, jointly influencing reproduction, and b) such an association could become apparent primarily in challenging environments when glucocorticoid concentrations increase. To address these two possibilities, we determined natural variation in circulating baseline glucocorticoid concentrations in parental great tits (<em>Parus major</em>) alongside two physiological systems known to be related to an individual's metabolism: oxidative status parameters (i.e., concentrations of pro-oxidants, dietary, and enzymatic antioxidants) and body condition. These systems interact with glucocorticoids and can also influence reproductive success. We measured these variables in two breeding seasons that differed in environmental conditions. When accounting for the interaction of baseline glucocorticoids with other physiological traits, we found a positive relationship between baseline glucocorticoids and the number of fledglings in adult great tits. The strength of this relationship was more pronounced for those individuals who also had high concentrations of the enzymatic antioxidant glutathione peroxidase. When studied independently, glucocorticoids were not related to fitness proxies, even in the year with more challenging environmental conditions. Together, our study lends to support the hypothesis that glucocorticoids do not influence fitness alone, but in association with other physiological systems</p>
Data from: Inter-clonal competition over queen succession imposes a cost of parthenogenesis on termite colonies
<p>In social insect colonies, selfish behaviour due to intracolonial conflict among members can result in colony-level costs despite close relatedness. In certain termite species, queens use asexual reproduction for within-colony queen succession but rely on sexual reproduction for worker and alate production, resulting in multiple half-clones of a single primary queen competing for personal reproduction. Our study demonstrates that competition over asexual queen succession among different clone types leads to the overproduction of parthenogenetic offspring, resulting in the production of dysfunctional parthenogenetic alates. By genotyping the queens of 23 field colonies of <em>Reticulitermes speratus</em>, we found that clone variation in the queen population reduces as colonies develop. Field sampling of alates and primary reproductives of incipient colonies showed that overproduced parthenogenetic offspring develop into alates that have significantly smaller body sizes and much lower survivorship than sexually-produced alates. Our results indicate that while the production of earlier and more parthenogenetic eggs is advantageous for winning the competition for personal reproduction, it comes at a great cost to the colony. Thus, this study highlights the evolutionary interplay between individual-level and colony-level selection on parthenogenesis by queens.</p>
Data from: Tool use increases mechanical foraging success and tooth health in southern sea otters (Enhydra lutris nereis)
<p>Although it is well documented that tool use can enable the utilization of novel resources, the fitness benefits associated with this innovative behavior are difficult to test. Using longitudinal data from 196 radio-tagged southern sea otters, we found that individuals, particularly females, with frequent tool use gained access to harder, larger prey items. In turn, the mechanical advantages of tool use during food processing translated to reduced tooth damage in tool users. We also found that tool use diminishes trade-offs between access to different prey types, tooth health, and caloric intake that are highly dependent on the relative availability of prey in the environment. Overall, tool use allows individuals to maintain caloric requirements through the processing of alternative prey that are otherwise inaccessible without the use of tools, indicating that this innovative behavior is a necessity for the survival of southern sea otters in environments with depleted preferred prey.</p>
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.