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293 results for “suction”
Data from: Integration between swimming and feeding evolves repeatedly in Trinidadian guppies and aligns with suction-feeding fishes
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Data for: Research and application of bag filter system for railway ballast bed coal suction vehicles
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Development and field evaluation of a motion sensor activated suction trap to study vector-host interactions
<p>1. Researchers elucidating vectors of zoonotic diseases encounter problems with inefficient surveillance techniques leading to underestimation of the importance of some species, and the overestimation of the importance of others. Carbon dioxide-baited light traps are the most widely used traps for sampling vector groups. However aspirating directly from the hosts is the most accurate method to incriminate vectors.</p> <p>2. A novel vector trapping system was developed, consisting of a suction trap, activated by a motion sensor, and controlled by a microcontroller, which activates automatically when host animals approach. The prototype was tested in two field experiments with ungulates and biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) at a preserve in Florida. We measured the biting midge community collected at traps near and far from hosts and compared communities using diversity metrics and abundance curves.</p> <p>3. Traps activated in the presence of host animals with 94% accuracy. Diversity and richness of <i>Culicoides</i> species differed between sensor and control traps with 11 species captured by control traps and 7 species by sensor traps. Vector species were captured in significantly greater numbers in sensor traps, while more non-vector species were caught in control traps.</p> <p>4. Results confirm that vector species can be underrepresented in light trap collections, likely due to their tight associations with vertebrate hosts, a finding that should be taken into consideration when incriminating arbovirus vectors. Our novel trap system was a first attempt at solving the issue of collecting vector species from non-tame animals, effectively aspirating questing midges. Simple modifications of the system could be made to target other vector-host systems.</p>
Coupled monitoring of soil moisture and suction in pyroclastic air-fall silty soils
<p>The dataset contains the experimental field data coming from the automatic monitoring of the annual hydrological response of a shallow deposit in loose pyroclastic soils located in a mountainous area of Campania, Southern Italy. The monitoring station is installed at about 650 m a.s.l. along the northern slope of mount Cornito, about 2 km east of the town of Cervinara, that in December 1999 was involved in a rainfall-induced flowslide. The collected field data consist in: i) precipitations (measured by a rain gauge), ii) soil moisture contents (measured by TDR probes) and iii) soil matric suctions (measured by “Jet-fill” tensiometers). Suction and moisture sensors have been installed at the same depths and connected to a Campbell Scientific Inc. CR-1000 Data Logger, that allows the automatic acquisition and storage of data.</p> <p>Furthermore, the results of some laboratory flume tests carried out on a small-scale slope, reconstituted with volcanic ashes from the same site and from a nearby slope, subjected to an artificial rainwater infiltration, are attached too. Soil matric suction and moisture content were respectively measured by a miniaturised tensiometer and a TDR probe installed close to each other.</p>
Dual function of epaxial musculature for swimming and suction feeding in largemouth bass
<p>The axial musculature of many fishes generates the power for both swimming and suction feeding. In the case of the epaxial musculature, unilateral activation bends the body laterally for swimming, and bilateral activation bends the body dorsally to elevate the neurocranium for suction feeding. But how does a single muscle group effectively power these two distinct behaviors? Prior electromyographic (EMG) studies have identified fishes' ability to activate dorsal and ventral epaxial regions independently, but no studies have directly compared the intensity and spatial activation patterns between swimming and feeding. We measured EMG activity throughout the epaxial musculature during swimming (turning, sprinting, and fast-starts) and suction feeding (goldfish and pellet strikes) in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). We found that swimming involved obligate activation of ventral epaxial regions whereas suction feeding involved obligate activation of dorsal epaxial regions, suggesting regional specialization of the epaxial musculature. However, during fast-starts and suction feeding on live prey, bass routinely activated the whole epaxial musculature, demonstrating the dual function of this musculature in the highest performance behaviors. Activation intensities in suction feeding were substantially lower than fast-starts which, in conjunction with suboptimal shortening velocities, suggests that bass maximize axial muscle performance during locomotion and underutilize it for suction feeding.</p>
Figure 16 in Description of a new long-snouted beaked whale from the Late Miocene of Denmark: evolution of suction feeding and sexual dimorphism in the Ziphiidae (Cetacea: Odontoceti)
Figure 16. Ribs of MSM1001x (holotype), Dagonodum mojnum gen. nov., sp. nov. in anterior view: A, left rib 1; B, right rib 1; C, right rib 2; D, left rib 2; E, rib 3. Scale bar = 80 mm.
Figure 13 in Description of a new long-snouted beaked whale from the Late Miocene of Denmark: evolution of suction feeding and sexual dimorphism in the Ziphiidae (Cetacea: Odontoceti)
Figure 13. Basyhyal and thyrohyal of MSM1001x (holotype), Dagonodum mojnum gen. nov., sp. nov.: A, dorsal view; B, posterior view; C, basihyal in lateral view; D, thyrohyal in lateral view. Scale bar = 30 mm.
Figure 20 in Description of a new long-snouted beaked whale from the Late Miocene of Denmark: evolution of suction feeding and sexual dimorphism in the Ziphiidae (Cetacea: Odontoceti)
Figure 20. Comparison of the basihyal and thyrohyal in MSM1001x, Dagonodum mojnum gen. nov., sp. nov., in A, dorsal and B, posterior view; Mesoplodon bidens in C, dorsal and D, posterior view; USNM 593573, Phocoena phocoena in E, dorsal and F, posterior view; SNM CN1x, Grampus griseus in G, dorsal and H, posterior view. Bas., basihyal; Thy., thyrohyal. Scale bar = 30 mm.
Figure 12 in Description of a new long-snouted beaked whale from the Late Miocene of Denmark: evolution of suction feeding and sexual dimorphism in the Ziphiidae (Cetacea: Odontoceti)
Figure 12. Detail of the teeth categories of MSM1001x (holotype), Dagonodum mojnum gen. nov., sp. nov. Apical tusk in A, medial; B, lateral; C, dorsal view; subapical tusk in D, medial; E, lateral view; subapical teeth in F, H, J, medial and G, I, K, lateral view; sample of symphyseal/postsymphyseal teeth in L, N, P, medial and M, N, Q, lateral view; proximal teeth in R, T, medial and S, U, lateral view; V, W, X, corresponding drawings of respectively A, L, Q, T. Dotted lines correspond to tooth wear and occlusion wear facets. Scale bar = 10 mm.
Figure 9 in Description of a new long-snouted beaked whale from the Late Miocene of Denmark: evolution of suction feeding and sexual dimorphism in the Ziphiidae (Cetacea: Odontoceti)
Figure 9. Left tympanic of MSM1001x (holotype), Dagonodum mojnum gen. nov., sp. nov.: A, dorsal view; B, medial view; C, ventral view; D, lateral view; E–H, corresponding drawings. Scale bar = 20 mm.
Figure 6 in Description of a new long-snouted beaked whale from the Late Miocene of Denmark: evolution of suction feeding and sexual dimorphism in the Ziphiidae (Cetacea: Odontoceti)
Figure 6. Detail of the prenarial basin of MSM1001x (holotype), Dagonodum mojnum gen. nov., sp. nov., dorsal view. Compression-related fracturing caused part of the structure to be displaced backwards, thus leading to the artificial closure of the antorbital notch. White dotted lines delimit the suture lines. Scale bar = 50 mm.
Figure 4 in Description of a new long-snouted beaked whale from the Late Miocene of Denmark: evolution of suction feeding and sexual dimorphism in the Ziphiidae (Cetacea: Odontoceti)
Figure 4. Skull of MSM1001x (holotype), Dagonodum mojnum gen. nov., sp. nov., ventral view: A, cranium; B, rostrum; C and D with the corresponding labels. White dotted lines delimit the suture lines. Scale bar = 100 mm.
Figure 3 in Description of a new long-snouted beaked whale from the Late Miocene of Denmark: evolution of suction feeding and sexual dimorphism in the Ziphiidae (Cetacea: Odontoceti)
Figure 3. Skull of MSM1001x (holotype), Dagonodum mojnum gen. nov., sp. nov., dorsal view: A, cranium; B, rostrum; C and D with the corresponding labels. The vertex collapsed anterolaterally toward the left. White dotted lines delimit the suture lines. Scale bar = 100 mm.
Figure 5 in Description of a new long-snouted beaked whale from the Late Miocene of Denmark: evolution of suction feeding and sexual dimorphism in the Ziphiidae (Cetacea: Odontoceti)
Figure 5. Skull of MSM1001x (holotype), Dagonodum mojnum gen. nov., sp. nov., left lateral view: A, cranium; B, rostrum. Notice the dorsal part of the vertex facing laterally due to the deformation. Black dotted line delimits the prenarial basin on the cranium and the white dotted line delimits the premaxilla/maxilla suture along the rostrum. Scale bar = 100 mm.
Figure 18 in Description of a new long-snouted beaked whale from the Late Miocene of Denmark: evolution of suction feeding and sexual dimorphism in the Ziphiidae (Cetacea: Odontoceti)
Figure 18. Illustration of the difference of development of the prominence posterior to the nasals on the vertex in dorsal view in: A and B, Mesoplodon perrini (USNM 504260); C and D, Mesoplodon layardii (USNM 550150); E and F, Mesoplodon grayi (SNM CN1); and G and H, Berardius bairdii (USNM 550886). The prominence is outlined in B, D and F. Scale bar = 10 mm.
Figure 15 in Description of a new long-snouted beaked whale from the Late Miocene of Denmark: evolution of suction feeding and sexual dimorphism in the Ziphiidae (Cetacea: Odontoceti)
Figure 15. Thoracic vertebrae of MSM1001x (holotype), Dagonodum mojnum gen. nov., sp. nov. T1–T3 (vertebra A): A, anterior view; B, posterior view; C, right lateral view. Post-T4 (vertebra B): A, anterior view; B, posterior view; C, right lateral view. Scale bar = 50 mm.
Figure 8 in Description of a new long-snouted beaked whale from the Late Miocene of Denmark: evolution of suction feeding and sexual dimorphism in the Ziphiidae (Cetacea: Odontoceti)
Figure 8. Left periotic of MSM1001x (holotype), Dagonodum mojnum gen. nov., sp. nov.: A, dorsal view; B, lateral view; C, dorsomedial view; D, ventral view; E–H, corresponding drawings. Scale bar = 20 mm.
Figure 10 in Description of a new long-snouted beaked whale from the Late Miocene of Denmark: evolution of suction feeding and sexual dimorphism in the Ziphiidae (Cetacea: Odontoceti)
Figure 10. Lower jaw of MSM1001x (holotype), Dagonodum mojnum gen. nov., sp. nov.: A, dorsal view; B, left lateral view. Scale bar = 100 mm.
Figure 7 in Description of a new long-snouted beaked whale from the Late Miocene of Denmark: evolution of suction feeding and sexual dimorphism in the Ziphiidae (Cetacea: Odontoceti)
Figure 7. Vertex of MSM1001x (holotype), Dagonodum mojnum gen. nov., sp. nov., dorsal view. A, detail of the dorsal part of the nasals; B and C, vertex without the dorsal part of the nasals. White lines delimit the suture lines. Scale bar = 30 mm.
Figure 14 in Description of a new long-snouted beaked whale from the Late Miocene of Denmark: evolution of suction feeding and sexual dimorphism in the Ziphiidae (Cetacea: Odontoceti)
Figure 14. Cervical vertebrae of MSM1001x (holotype), Dagonodum mojnum gen. nov., sp. nov. Atlas: A, anterior view; B, posterior view. Axis-cervical vertebra 3: C, posterior view; D, lateral view; E, lateral of the separation between cervical vertebra 3 and axis. Cervical vertebra 5: F, anterior view; G, posterior view; H, lateral view. Cervical vertebra 6: I, anterior view; J, posterior view; K, lateral view. Dotted zones delimit burst areas or sediment. White straight line in E delimits the axis and the C3. Scale bar = 50 mm.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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