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Fig. 3 in On a new stereospondylomorph temnospondyl from the Middle-Late Permian of Southern Brazil

Fig. 3. Stereospondylomorph temnospondyl Parapytanga catarinensis gen. et sp. nov. (holotype, UFRGS-PV-0355-P) from the Santa Catarina State (Brazil), Middle–Upper Permian. Side of the sample containing the skull in palatal view (elements from palate and braincase); stapes; right hemimandible in labial view; fragments of vertebrae and ribs. Photo (A) and interpretative drawing (B).

Fig. 2 in On a new stereospondylomorph temnospondyl from the Middle-Late Permian of Southern Brazil

Fig. 2. Preserved elements of Parapytanga catarinensis gen. et sp. nov. (holotype, UFRGS-PV-0355-P) from the Santa Catarina State (Brazil), Middle–Upper Permian.

Fig. 1. A in On a new stereospondylomorph temnospondyl from the Middle-Late Permian of Southern Brazil

Fig. 1. A. Geographic map with the location of the study outcrop in Santa Catarina State within Paraná Basin, Brazil. B. Profile of the study outcrop with fossiliferous levels. C. Photo of the outcrop.

Fig. 5 in On a new stereospondylomorph temnospondyl from the Middle-Late Permian of Southern Brazil

Fig. 5. Cranial elements of stereospondylomorph temnospondyl Parapytanga catarinensis gen. et sp. nov. (holotype, UFRGS-PV-0355-P) from the Santa Catarina State (Brazil), Middle–Upper Permian. Photo (A) and interpretative drawing (B) of the skull in occipital view. C. Photo of the left stapes in postero-medial view.

Fig. 8 in On a new stereospondylomorph temnospondyl from the Middle-Late Permian of Southern Brazil

Fig. 8. Comparison between the posterior part of the skull of temnospondyl Australerpeton cosgriffi, (Barberena, 1998) (UFRGS PV 0229 P in ventral view) from the Paraná State (Brazil), Upper Permian (A) and the stereospondylomorph temnospondyl Parapytanga catarinensis gen. et sp. nov. (holotype, UFRGS- PV-0355-P in ventral view) from the Santa Catarina State (Brazil), Middle–Upper Permian (B). Photos (A1, B1) and interpretative drawings (A2, B2).

Fig. 4 in On a new stereospondylomorph temnospondyl from the Middle-Late Permian of Southern Brazil

Fig. 4. Stereospondylomorph temnospondyl Parapytanga catarinensis gen. et sp. nov. (holotype, UFRGS-PV-0355-P) from the Santa Catarina State Brazil), Middle–Upper Permian. Side of the sample containing skull elements in dorsal view; interclavicle and right clavicle in ventral view; right scapulocoracoid and cleithrum in lateral and medial view, respectively. Photo (A) and interpretative drawing (B).

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Fig. 1. Plagiosaurid Plagiosternum granulosum Frass, 1889 in The Pustulated Temnospondyl Revisited-a Plagiosternine Plagiosaurid from the Lower Triassic of Brazil

Fig. 1. Plagiosaurid Plagiosternum granulosum Frass, 1889 from the Middle Triassic of Germany. A. Schematic line drawing, modified from Damiani et al. (2009); the gray area shows the presumable anatomic correspondence between MCN PV 1999 and P. granulosum. Not to scale. B. Line drawing of MCN PV 1999, Plagiosterninae indet. from the Lower Triassic Sanga do Cabral Formation (Paraná Basin, Southern Brazil). C. Photograph of MCN PV 1999 with its presumable anatomic correspondence to P. granulosum.

Fig. 3 in Anatomy and relationships of the Triassic temnospondyl Sclerothorax

Fig. 3. Original skull specimens and ornamentation of Sclerothorax hypselonotus Huene, 1932 from Heimarshausen near Naumburg, Hardegsen Sandstein, Lower Triassic. A. NMK−S 117, palate in ventral view. B. NMK−S 118a, skull roof in dorsal view, with 3d structure shown on left side. C. NMK−S 118b, marginal parts of skull roof and medial region of palate and braincase in dorsal view. D. Reconstructed skull roof with ornament mapped on left side, based on NMK−S 118a, b.

Fig. 4 in Anatomy and relationships of the Triassic temnospondyl Sclerothorax

Fig. 4. Reconstruction of skull and mandible of Sclerothorax hypselonotus Huene, 1932. A. Skull roof in dorsal view (based on NMK−S 118a, b). B. Palate in ventral view (based on NMK−S 117, 118b). C. Occiput in posterior view (based on NMK−S 118b). D. Skull in lateral view (same as A). E–G. Mandible in dorsal (E), labial (F), and lingual (G) views (based on HLD−V 607, NMK−S 117).

Fig. 6. Sclerothorax hypselonotus Huene, 1932 in Anatomy and relationships of the Triassic temnospondyl Sclerothorax

Fig. 6. Sclerothorax hypselonotus Huene, 1932. Postcranial skeleton, based on material from Queck and Heimarshausen, Middle Buntsandstein. A. Cervical region, with second and third vertebra exposed (HLD−V 608). B. Neural arches in ventral view (NMK−S 117; numbers mark position within column). C. Dermal elements of pectoral girdle in ventral view (based on HLD−V 607). D. Pectoral girdle as preserved (HLD−V 607) in lateral (D1) and posterolateral (D2) views. E. Right humerus (HLD−V 607). F. Left femur (NMK−S 118) in dorsal (F1) and posterior (F2) views. G. Right pelvis (HLD−V 608). H. Dermal ossicles.

Fig. 1 in Anatomy and relationships of the Triassic temnospondyl Sclerothorax

Fig. 1. Original material of Sclerothorax hypselonotus Huene, 1932 described by Huene (1932) from Buntsandstein of Queck, Hessen, Germany. A. HLD−V 608, lateral view (right side). B. HLD−V 607 (lectotype) in dorsal view (B1) with interpretive drawing (B2).

Fig. 7 in Anatomy and relationships of the Triassic temnospondyl Sclerothorax

Fig. 7. Results of phylogenetic analysis. Sclerothorax is deeply nested within the higher Stereospondyli, forming the sister taxon of the two best−known capitosauroids. Interestingly, plagiosaurids (Gerrothorax), Laidleria, and brachyopoids (Siderops) are found to be monophyletic, which is in accordance with Yates and Warren (2000), while in contrast to the findings of these authors, the latter clade is only remotely related to trematosaurids and metoposaurids. Peltobatrachus, another enigmatic terrestrial temnospondyl, is here found to be a primitive stereospondylomorph. Numbers below each node refer to synapomorphies supporting them.

Fig. 5. Sclerothorax hypselonotus Huene, 1932. A in Anatomy and relationships of the Triassic temnospondyl Sclerothorax

Fig. 5. Sclerothorax hypselonotus Huene, 1932. A. Reconstruction of complete skeleton in lateral view (based largely on HLD−V 608, GPIM−N 2045). B. HLD−V 608, original material. B1, postcranial skeleton in right lateral view, exposing ribs and parts of the pectoral and pelvic girdle, B2 same skeleton in left lateral view. C. GPIM−N 2045, anterior trunk skeleton in left lateral view, exposing pleurocentra. D. Reconstruction of vertebrae in the mid−trunk region, based on GPIM−N 2045.

Fig. 3 in Mandibles of mastodonsaurid temnospondyls from the Upper Permian-Lower Triassic of Uruguay

Fig. 3. Mastodonsaurid mandible FC−DPV 1280 from the Permo−Triassic Buena Vista Formation near Colonia Orozco, Cerro Largo County, Uruguay. Photograph (A) and interpretive drawing (B) of the coronoid area with two rows of teeth on the posterior and middle coronoid. Cross hatching represents damaged areas of bone.

Fig. 2 in Mandibles of mastodonsaurid temnospondyls from the Upper Permian-Lower Triassic of Uruguay

Fig. 2. Mastodonsaurid mandible FC−DPV 1280, from the Permo−Triassic Buena Vista Formation near Colonia Orozco, Cerro Largo County, Uruguay. Photographs (A, C, E) and interpretive drawings (B, D, F) in labial (A, B), lingual (C, D), and dorsal (E, F) views. Cross hatching represents damaged areas of bone.

Fig. 5 in Mandibles of mastodonsaurid temnospondyls from the Upper Permian-Lower Triassic of Uruguay

Fig. 5. Mastodonsaurid mandible FC−DPV 1305 from the Permo−Triassic Buena Vista Formation near Colonia Orozco, Cerro Largo County, Uruguay. Photographs (A, C, E) and interpretive drawings (B, D, F) in labial (A, B), lingual (C, D), and dorsal (E, F) views. Cross hatching represents damaged areas of bone.

Fig. 1. A in Mandibles of mastodonsaurid temnospondyls from the Upper Permian-Lower Triassic of Uruguay

Fig. 1. A. Location of the outcrops near Colonia Orozco, Cerro Largo County, northeastern Uruguay, where the fossils described herein were collected. B. Generalized stratigraphic section of the Permo−Triassic Buena Vista Formation of Uruguay showing the position of the mastodonsaurids with respect to the other components of the Colonia Orozco fauna. The vertical scale on the left is in meters.

Fig. 6 in Mandibles of mastodonsaurid temnospondyls from the Upper Permian-Lower Triassic of Uruguay

Fig. 6. Records of the earliest Triassic mastodonsaurids in Gondwana: (1) lower Fremouw Formation of Antarctica (Colbert and Cosgriff 1974); (2) Panchet Formation of India (Tripathi 1969); (3) Lower Sakamena Formation of Madagascar (Lehman 1961; Steyer 2003); (4) Arcadia, (5) Knocklofty, and (6) Blina Shale formations of Australia (Warren 1980; Cosgriff and DeFauw 1987; Warren and Hutchinson 1988; Damiani 2000); (7) Lystrosaurus Assemblage Zone of South Africa (Damiani et al. 2001); (8) Buena Vista Formation of South America (Piñeiro and Ubilla 2003; this paper).

Fig. 4 in Mandibles of mastodonsaurid temnospondyls from the Upper Permian-Lower Triassic of Uruguay

Fig. 4. Mastodonsaurid mandible FC−DPV 1600 from the Permo−Triassic Buena Vista Formation near Colonia Orozco, Cerro Largo County, Uruguay. Photographs (A, C, E) and interpretive drawings (B, D, F) in labial (A, B), lingual (C, D), and dorsal (E, F) views.. Cross hatching represents damaged areas of bone.