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60 results for “temperate rainforest”
Supplementary material 3 from: Bernich A, French K, Bedward M (2024) Assessing the invasion potential of five common exotic vine species in temperate Australian rainforests. NeoBiota 90: 79-96. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.90.110659
The dry weight of the individuals used as the initial values to calculate relative growth rates for each species
Supplementary material 2 from: Bernich A, French K, Bedward M (2024) Assessing the invasion potential of five common exotic vine species in temperate Australian rainforests. NeoBiota 90: 79-96. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.90.110659
Difference in mean and 95% bounds, as well as the percentage overlap of mean values reported as a probabilty (Probability higher than LL) for the seven species grown in the study
Supplementary material 1 from: Bernich A, French K, Bedward M (2024) Assessing the invasion potential of five common exotic vine species in temperate Australian rainforests. NeoBiota 90: 79-96. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.90.110659
Difference in mean and 95% bounds, as well as the percentage overlap of mean values reported as a probabilty (Probability higher) between species for the physiological measurements taken
Genomic evidence of an ancient Inland Temperate Rainforest in the Pacific Northwest of North America
<p>The disjunct temperate rainforests of the Pacific Northwest of North America (PNW) are characterized by late-successional dominant tree species <em>Thuja plicata</em> (western redcedar) and <em>Tsuga heterophylla</em> (western hemlock). The demographic histories of these species, along with the PNW rainforest ecosystem in its entirety, have been heavily impacted by geological and climatic changes the PNW has experienced over the last 5 million years, including mountain orogeny and repeated Pleistocene glaciations. These environmental events have ultimately shaped the history of these species, with inland populations potentially being extirpated during the Pleistocene glaciations. Here, we collect genomic data for both species across their ranges to test multiple demographic models, each reflecting a different hypothesis on how the ecosystem-dominating species may have responded to dramatic climatic change. Our results indicate that inland and coastal populations in both species diverged approximately 2.5 million years ago in the early Pleistocene and experienced decreases in population size during glacial cycles, with subsequent population expansion. Importantly, we found evidence for gene flow between coastal and inland populations during the mid-Holocene. It is likely that intermittent migration in these species during this time has prevented allopatric speciation via genetic drift alone. In conclusion, our results from combining genomic data and demographic inference procedures involving machine learning establish that populations of the ecosystem dominants <em>Thuja plicata</em> and <em>Tsuga heterophylla</em> persisted in refugia located in both the coastal and inland regions of the PNW throughout the Pleistocene, with populations expanding and contracting in response to glacial cycles with occasional gene-flow.</p>
FIGURE 1 in Myxomycetes associated with canopy organic matter in temperate rainforests of southern New Zealand
FIGURE 1. Canopy soil, indicated by the arrow. Fig. 2. The myxomycete Barbeyella minutissima from a temperate rainforest in southern New Zealand. Scale bar = 50 μm.
Top-down and bottom-up controls limit woody encroachment into persistent temperate rainforest meadows
<p><span>These data describe soils, woody plant seedlings, and ungulate herbivory in and around temperate montane meadows in the Oregon Coast Range, USA. Meadows such as these are a global study system for the accelerating phenomenon of woody encroachment, but study this phenomenon into meadows in western Oregon has been conducted almost entirely in the western and High Cascades, with only two extant observational studies of grassy balds in the Coast Range. These data describe factors limiting woody encroachment into meadows in the Oregon Coast Range, including bottom-up control by soil properties, plant-plant interactions, and top-down control by large herbivores.<b> </b>I measured chemical and physical properties of soils (depth of organic layer; bulk density of top 3 cm of mineral soil; and mineral soil profiles: particle size distribution, pH, % total C, % total N) to a depth of 50 cm in meadow and forest. I recorded community, density, and proportion browsed for shrubs, conifers, and deciduous trees ≤2 m tall along transects from meadow into forest. I experimentally planted 20 <i>Pseudotsuga menziesii</i> (Douglas-fir) seedlings in each of five meadows (<em>n </em>= 100) and factorially manipulated aboveground neighboring plant presence and ungulate herbivore access. I found that m</span><span>eadow soils were lower in C and C:N; slightly lower in N, and similar in plant-available water (derived from particle size distribution) and pH relative to forest soils. Shrubs were most dense, but experienced the lowest browse pressure, near the meadow edge; while trees were sparse and varied by site—although at one site, browse pressure was heavier in meadow than forest. Seedling survival and growth varied by site, herbivory reduced growth, and total soil N best explained residual variation in seedling growth among sites.</span><span><b> </b>My findings indicate that ungulate herbivores exert top-down control on woody encroachment into temperate montane meadows, perhaps in concert with local N-limitation.</span></p>
Data from: The oldest, slowest forests in the world? Exceptional biomass and slow carbon dynamics of Fitzroya cupressoides temperate rainforests in southern Chile
Old-growth temperate rainforests are, per unit area, the largest and most long-lived stores of carbon in the terrestrial biosphere, but their carbon dynamics have rarely been described. The endangered Fitzroya cupressoides forests of southern South America include stands that are probably the oldest dense forest stands in the world, with long-lived trees and high standing biomass. We assess and compare aboveground biomass, and provide the first estimates of net primary productivity (NPP), carbon allocation and mean wood residence time in medium-age stands in the Alerce Costero National Park (AC) in the Coastal Range and in old-growth forests in the Alerce Andino National Park (AA) in the Andean Cordillera. Aboveground live biomass was 113–114 Mg C ha-1 and 448–517 Mg C ha-1 in AC and AA, respectively. Aboveground productivity was 3.35–3.36 Mg C ha-1 year-1 in AC and 2.22–2.54 Mg C ha-1 year-1 in AA, values generally lower than others reported for temperate wet forests worldwide, mainly due to the low woody growth of Fitzroya. NPP was 4.21–4.24 and 3.78–4.10 Mg C ha-1 year-1 in AC and AA, respectively. Estimated mean wood residence time was a minimum of 539–640 years for the whole forest in the Andes and 1368–1393 years for only Fitzroya in this site. Our biomass estimates for the Andes place these ecosystems among the most massive forests in the world. Differences in biomass production between sites seem mostly apparent as differences in allocation rather than productivity. Residence time estimates for Fitzroya are the highest reported for any species and carbon dynamics in these forests are the slowest reported for wet forests worldwide. Although primary productivity is low in Fitzroya forests, they probably act as ongoing biomass carbon sinks on long-term timescales due to their low mortality rates and exceptionally long residence times that allow biomass to be accumulated for millennia.
Figure 1 in Nesting territory characteristics of a migratory South American forest hawk, the White-throated Hawk (Buteo albigula) (Aves: Accipitridae), in temperate rainforest remnants of Araucanía, southern Chile
Figure 1. white-throated hawk (Buteo albigula) egg (A) and 31-day-old nestling (B) found on one nesting platform in Llancahue, Valdivia, southern Chile.
Manganese limitations and the enhanced soil carbon sequestration of temperate rainforests
<p>Manganese (Mn) has been identified as a regulatory bottleneck in the accumulation of humus because of its role as an enzymatic co-factor in the breakdown of recalcitrant C by Mn-peroxidase (MnP). We tested this abiotic limit on decay via contrasting soils along a podzolization gradient of coastal British Columbia, where an inverse exponential relationship between soil organic carbon (SOC) and exchangeable Mn had been observed. Moderately weathered soils (Brunisols) had an average 3.6-fold increase in MnP activity within the upper soil profile in comparison to highly weathered Podzols. An ordination of the Agaricomycete fungal community, which are responsible for MnP production in soils, confirmed significant differences in assemblages across soil types for saprotrophic fungi, particularly species within the Agaricales, Trechisporales and Auriculariales. Ectomycorrhizal fungi of <i>Pseudotsuga</i> <i>menziesii</i> were equally aligned with soil type and select taxa more abundant on Brunisols may have supplemented MnP activity. A laboratory incubation with an Mn amendment produced significant interactions in MnP activity by soil type. Surprisingly, MnP activity of both Brunisol substrates declined substantially with an amendment (-56% and -40% for forest floor and mineral soil, respectively), in contrast to Podzols (-30% and +26%, respectively). This inhibitory response was linked to considerable uptake of the amendment, and underscores how Mn<sup>2+</sup> operates directly on fungi as a regulator of <i>mnp</i> transcription for MnP production. Our study highlights a new perspective concerning the abiotic drivers underpinning the large, expansive soil C stocks across perhumid temperate rainforests of the Pacific Northwest.</p>
Data from: Saprotrophic and ectomycorrhizal fungal sporocarp stoichiometry (C : N : P) across temperate rainforests as evidence of shared nutrient constraints among symbionts
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Data from: The oldest, slowest forests in the world? Exceptional biomass and slow carbon dynamics of Fitzroya cupressoides temperate rainforests in southern Chile
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Data from: Genetic structure across broad spatial and temporal scales: Rocky Mountain tailed frogs (Ascaphus montanus; Anura: Ascaphidae) in the inland temperate rainforest
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Top-down and bottom-up controls limit woody encroachment into persistent temperate rainforest meadows
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Manganese limitations and the enhanced soil carbon sequestration of temperate rainforests
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Genomic evidence of an ancient Inland Temperate Rainforest in the Pacific Northwest of North America
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Post-disturbance conifer tree-ring δ15N reflects openness of the nitrogen cycle across temperate coastal rainforests
<p>1. Post-disturbance losses in nitrogen (N) may diminish forest productivity, and soils with inherently 'open' N cycles (high nitrification rates) are considered the most vulnerable to leaching losses of NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>. Monitoring ongoing N depletion from soil profiles is challenging, but tree-ring δ<sup>15</sup>N of regenerating stands may offer an effective method for assessing site-specific, long-term soil N dynamics. Evidence to date is mixed, however, and includes increasing, unchanging, or decreasing tree-ring δ<sup>15</sup>N in young stands following stand-level disturbances, possibly because of contrasting soil fertility among study sites. In addition, a consensus on post-disturbance N trajectories is hampered by the sometimes inconsistent patterns in tree-ring δ<sup>15</sup>N found between tree species of differing mycorrhizal association.</p> <p><a name="_Hlk38376288">2. We compared tree-ring </a>δ<sup>15</sup>N of two conifer species (<i>Picea sitchensis</i> with ectomycorrhizal fungi and <i>Thuja plicata</i> with arbuscular mycorrhiza) from a replicated silviculture trial across temperate rainforests of Vancouver Island (Canada). A natural gradient in soil fertility across the six sites, driven largely by topography and parent materials, was confirmed by an <i>in situ</i> increase in N mineralization and nitrification rates with declining C:N ratios for both organic horizons and mineral soils. </p> <p>3. Five decades after logging, the overall trend in tree-ring δ<sup>15</sup>N was positive, but among individual plots there was a wide range in δ<sup>15</sup>N slopes, ranging from nearly 0 to 0.13. We found the gains in tree-ring δ<sup>15</sup>N over time were consistent between mycorrhizal types and escalated sharply (up to 6‰) with increasing N mineralization rates, although less so on flat terrain with seasonal water tables. The most recent sapwood was also enriched in <sup>15</sup>N as soil N mineralization rates increased, perhaps slightly more so for <i>T</i>. <i>plicata</i> than <i>P</i>. <i>sitchensis</i>. </p> <p>4. <i>Synthesis</i>. The correspondence of tree-ring δ<sup>15</sup>N with soil fertility may be especially strong in regenerating forests because of tree ontogeny effects, including the expansion of rooting depth and differences in N resorption efficiency with stand age. <a name="_Hlk37683599">Sharp</a> increases in tree-ring d<sup>15</sup>N underscore the vulnerability of low C:N soils with open N cycles to post-disturbance N losses, and highlight how repeated, frequent harvest cycles may risk substantial N depletion from these productive rainforest ecosystems.</p>
Plant-plant interactions change during succession on nurse logs in a northern temperate rainforest
Plant-plant interactions change through succession from facilitative to competitive. At early stages of succession, early-colonizing plants can increase the survival and reproductive output of other plants by ameliorating disturbance and stressful conditions. At later stages of succession, plant interactions are more competitive as plants put more energy towards growth and reproduction. In northern temperate rainforests, gap dynamics result in tree falls that facilitate tree regeneration (nurse logs) and bryophyte succession. How bryophyte-tree seedling interactions vary through log succession remains unclear. We examined the relationships of tree seedlings, bryophyte community composition, bryophyte depth, and percent canopy cover in 166 0.5 m x 1.0 m plots on nurse logs and the forest floor in the Hoh rainforest in Washington, USA to test the hypothesis that bryophyte-tree seedling interactions change from facilitative to competitive as the log decays. Tree seedling density was highest on young logs with early-colonizing bryophyte species (e.g., Rhizomnium glabrescens), and lowest on decayed logs with Hylocomium splendens, a long-lived moss that reaches depths >20 cm. As a result, bryophyte depth increased with nurse log decay and was negatively associated with tree seedling density. Tree seedling density was 4.6x higher on nurse logs than on the forest floor, which was likely due to competitive exclusion by forest floor plants, such as H. splendens. Nurse logs had 17 species of bryophytes while the forest floor had six, indicating that nurse logs contribute to maintaining bryophyte diversity. Nurse logs enable both tree seedlings and smaller bryophyte species to avoid competition with forest floor plants, including the dominant bryophyte, H. splendens. H. splendens is likely a widespread driver of plant community structure given its dominance in northern temperate forests. Our findings indicate that plant-plant interactions shift with succession on nurse logs from facilitative to competitive and, thus, influence forest community structure and dynamics. --
Data from: Herbivores modify selection on plant functional traits in a temperate rainforest understory
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Plant-plant interactions change during succession on nurse logs in a northern temperate rainforest
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Post-disturbance conifer tree-ring δ15N reflects openness of the nitrogen cycle across temperate coastal rainforests
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Allen Brain Atlas
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
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