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122 results for “temporal diversity”
Temporally-balanced selection during development of larval Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas) inherently preserves genetic diversity within offspring
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Museum genomics of reveals temporal genetic stasis and global genetic diversity in Arabidopsis thaliana
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Data from: Turnover in floral composition explains species diversity and temporal stability in the nectar supply of urban residential gardens
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Parcel level temporal variance of remotely sensed spectral reflectance predicts plant diversity
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Temporal changes in Tasmanian devil genetic diversity at sites with and without supplementation
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Data from: Tree diversity effects through a temporal lens: implications for the abundance, diversity, and stability of foraging birds
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The effect of light availability and spatio-temporal heterogeneity on the soil seed bank diversity in temperate forests
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A unifying framework for analyzing temporal changes in functional and taxonomic diversity along disturbance gradients
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Data from: Temporal drop of genetic diversity in Bombus pauloensis
Bumblebees are economically important insects which perform essential pollination tasks in natural and managed ecosystems. Recent research studying Neotropical bumblebee species in Brazil showed a clear decrease in genetic diversity over time in Bombus pauloensis. A new temporal assessment of genetic diversity is needed to know whether this was a location specific result, or a more general phenomenon. This knowledge is essential to be able to prioritize conservation and management needs. Here, the genetic variability of B. pauloensis populations in Argentina was investigated over time using museum collection specimens from 1933 to 2016, and compared with reanalyzed data from Brazilian populations. Furthermore, specific time series were made for two Argentinean locations: Candelaria and La Plata, and compared with the time series of Porto Alegre (Brazil). All collected specimens were genotyped with 16 microsatellite loci to estimate genetic diversity parameters. Our results showed no drop in either allelic richness or expected heterozygosity over all Argentinean populations. However, a clear drop in genetic diversity was observed in two out of three location specific time series. This loss of diversity will have negative impacts on population survival, especially over longer periods of time. Furthermore, the use and release of mass-reared specimens of B. pauloensis, which may be inbred and specifically selected for certain commercial but non-adaptive traits, could further diminish the genetic pool. Thus, our result implies the urgent need for regional conservation policies of B. pauloensis in South Brazil and North Argentina.
What drives temporal stability of biomass production? Testing the roles of species diversity, dominance, asynchrony and spatial scale in annual plant communities
<p><span><b><span>Aims:</span></b><span> Primary biomass production is a fundamental process for ecosystem functioning. Yet, little is known on the mechanisms driving temporal stability of biomass production in annual plant communities, particularly in communities </span>subjected to highly variable environments and undergoing temporal changes in species composition.<span> We aimed to disentangle </span>the relative importance of biomass production, species <span>diversity, dominance and asynchrony of species fluctuations as drivers of biomass stability in Mediterranean and semiarid annual plant communities. </span></span></p> <p><span><b><span>Location:</span></b><span> Mediterranean (</span><span>N31<sup>o</sup>42'; E35<sup>o</sup>03') and Semiarid (N31<sup>o</sup>23'; E34<sup>o</sup>54') sites, Israel.</span></span></p> <p><span><b><span>Methods:</span></b><span> Aboveground biomass and species abundance were monitored in 15 plots of 250m<sup>2</sup> per site during eight consecutive years. Relationships between stability drivers and community stability were studied at the regional (between-sites) and local (within-sites) spatial scales.</span></span></p> <p><span><b><span>Results:</span></b><span> Community biomass stability (temporal mean/SD) increased from the Semiarid to the Mediterranean site concomitantly with higher </span>biomass production, richness, and evenness, but was not associated with changes in species synchrony. Differences in stability between sites were due to opposite effects of site conditions on the mean and SD of community biomass, leading to higher stability in the Mediterranean site. Within sites, species asynchrony was the key driver of stability at the local spatial-scale. Richness and biomass production affected stability indirectly through asynchrony, but in different ways at each site. At the Mediterranean site, these factors had indirect negative effects on stability by reducing asynchrony, but did not rescind a positive effect of asynchrony on community stability. At the Semiarid site, biomass production had indirect positive effects on stability through asynchrony, while richness had no effect on asynchrony and stability. Stability was not driven by species evenness in either site. </span></p> <p><span><b><span>Conclusions: </span></b>Our study provides new insights into the complex control of biomass stability in the dynamics of <span>Mediterranean and semiarid annual plant communities, with d</span>ifferent mechanisms driving stability across the regional <i>vs.</i> local spatial scales. </span></p>
Data from: Drivers of temporal beta diversity of a benthic community in a seasonally hypoxic ocean fjord
Global expansion of oxygen deficient (hypoxia) waters will have detrimental effects on marine life in the Northeast Pacific Ocean (NEP) where some of the largest proportional losses in aerobic habitat are predicted to occur. However, few studies have accounted for the high environmental variability in this region while including natural community-assembly dynamics. Here, we present results from a 14-month deployment of a benthic camera platform tethered to the VENUS cabled observatory in the seasonally hypoxic Saanich Inlet. Our time series continuously-recorded, natural cycles of deoxygenation and reoxygenation that allowed us to test whether a community from the NEP showed hysteresis in its recovery compared to hypoxia-induced decline and to address the processes driving temporal beta diversity under variable states of hypoxia. Using high-frequency ecological time series we reveal (1) differences in the response and recovery of the epibenthic community are rate-limited by recovery of the sessile species assemblage, (2) both environmental and biological processes influence community assembly patterns at multiple time-scales, and (3) interspecific processes can drive temporal beta diversity in seasonal hypoxia. Ultimately, our results illustrate how different time scale dependent drivers can influence the response and recovery of a marine habitat under increasing stress from environmental change.
Data from: Temporal genetic patterns of diversity and structure evidence sweepstakes in reproductive success of a spiny lobster
Population structure of many marine organisms is spatially patchy and varies within and between years, a phenomenon defined as chaotic genetic patchiness. This results from the combination of planktonic larval dispersal and environmental stochasticity. Additionally, in species with bi-partite life, post-settlement selection can magnify these genetic differences. The high fecundity (up to 500,000 eggs annually) and protracted larval duration (12-24 months) and dispersal of the southern rock lobster, Jasus edwardsii, make it a good test species for chaotic genetic patchiness and selection during early benthic life. Here we used double digest restriction-site associated DNA sequencing (ddRADseq) to investigate chaotic genetic patchiness and post-settlement selection in this species. We assessed differences in genetic structure and diversity of recently settled pueruli across four settlement years and between two sites in southeast Australia separated by approximately 1,000 km. Post-settlement selection was investigated by identifying loci under putative positive selection between recently settled pueruli and post-pueruli and quantifying differences in the magnitude and strength of the selection at each year and site. Genetic differences within and among sites through time in neutral SNP markers indicated chaotic genetic patchiness. Recently settled pueruli at the southernmost site exhibited lower genetic diversity during years of low pueruli catches, further supporting this hypothesis. Finally, analyses of outlier SNPs detected fluctuations in the magnitude and strength of the markers putatively under positive selection over space and time. One locus under putative positive selection was consistent at both locations during the same years, suggesting the existence of weak post-settlement selection.
Data from: Land abandonment and intensification diminish spatial and temporal β-diversity of grassland plants and herbivorous insects within paddy terraces
1. Although traditional land-use and management practices are known to enhance environmental heterogeneity in agricultural lands, loss of heterogeneity resulting from recent land-use changes can lead to spatiotemporal β-diversity losses (biotic homogenization). However, patterns and causes of β-diversity loss, especially at a within-field scale, have remained unexplored. 2. We examined β-diversity declines in plants, butterflies and orthopterans resulting from land abandonment and intensification in semi-natural grasslands on paddy margins at a within-field scale in relation to changes in disturbance frequency and surrounding landscapes by surveying eight abandoned, thirteen traditional and ten intensive paddy terraces. Three indices, the additive partitioning of species richness (βadd) and the turnover (βtu) and nestedness (βne) components of Jaccard dissimilarity of plants and herbivores, were used to evaluate different aspects of β-diversity. We hypothesized that biotic homogenization due to abandonment and intensification would be expressed as low spatiotemporal βadd and βtu, low spatial βne and high temporal βne. 3. The spatial and temporal βadd of plants and herbivores were higher in traditional terraces than in others. Changes in mowing frequency caused direct declines in butterfly βadd and indirectly decreased herbivore βadd through diminished plant βadd in abandoned and intensified terraces. 4. Neighbouring forests increased plant spatial and butterfly temporal βadd and βtu. Abandoned terraces had higher orthopteran spatial and plant temporal βtu than traditional terraces. Mowing frequency generally did not influence spatial and temporal βtu of plants and herbivores. In intensive terraces, temporal βne of plants were higher than in traditional terraces, suggesting dominance by plant species sharing similar phenologies. 4. Synthesis and applications. These results suggest that traditional mowing practices are essential for maintaining plant and herbivore βadd, and consequently, species pools within terraces. The higher spatial or temporal species turnover of plants and orthopterans in abandoned terraces and higher temporal plant nestedness in intensive than in traditional terraces were not due to increases in species pools within terraces. Because within-terrace environmental heterogeneity is thought to remain in abandoned and intensive terraces, we recommend reduction in mowing frequency in intensive terraces and reintroduction of mowing in abandoned terraces for biodiversity restoration.
Data from: Spatial and temporal drivers of phenotypic diversity in polymorphic snakes
Color polymorphism in natural populations presents an ideal opportunity to study the evolutionary drivers of phenotypic diversity. Systems with striking spatial, temporal, and qualitative variation in color can be leveraged to study the mechanisms promoting the distribution of different types of variation in nature. We used the highly polymorphic ground snake (Sonora semiannulata), a putative coral snake mimic with both cryptic and conspicuous morphs, to compare patterns of neutral genetic variation and variation over space and time in color polymorphism to investigate the mechanistic drivers of phenotypic variation across scales. We found that strong selection promotes color polymorphism across spatial and temporal scales, with morph frequencies differing markedly between juvenile and adult age classes within a single population, oscillating over time within multiple populations, and varying drastically over the landscape despite minimal population genetic structure. However, we found no evidence that conspicuousness of morphs was related to which color pattern was favored by selection or to any geographic factors, including sympatry with coral snakes. We suggest that complex patterns of phenotypic variation in polymorphic systems may be a fundamental outcome of the conspicuousness of morphs and that explicit tests of temporal and geographic variation are critical to the interpretation of conspicuousness and mimicry.
Data from: Direct evidence that density-dependent regulation underpins the temporal stability of abundant species in a diverse animal community
To understand how ecosystems are structured and stabilized, and to identify when communities are at risk of damage or collapse, we need to know how the abundances of the taxa in the entire assemblage vary over ecologically meaningful timescales. Here, we present an analysis of species temporal variability within a single large vertebrate community. Using an exceptionally complete 33-year monthly time series following the dynamics of 81 species of fishes, we show that the most abundant species are least variable in terms of temporal biomass, because they are under density-dependent (negative feedback) regulation. At the other extreme, a relatively large number of low abundance transient species exhibit the greatest population variability. The high stability of the consistently common high abundance species—a result of density-dependence—is reflected in the observation that they consistently represent over 98% of total fish biomass. This leads to steady ecosystem nutrient and energy flux irrespective of the changes in species number and abundance among the large number of low abundance transient species. While the density-dependence of the core species ensures stability under the existing environmental regime, the pool of transient species may support long-term stability by replacing core species should environmental conditions change.
Data from: Hidden diversity in diatoms of Kenyan Lake Naivasha: a genetic approach detects temporal variation
This study provides insights into the morphological and genetic diversity in diatoms occurring in core sediments from tropical lakes in Kenya. We developed a genetic survey technique specific for diatoms utilizing a short region (76-67 bp) of the ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase large subunit (rbcL) gene as genetic barcode. Our analyses (i) validated the use of rbcL as a barcoding marker for diatoms, applied to sediment samples, (ii) showed a significant correlation between the results obtained by morphological and molecular data and (iii) indicated temporal variation in diatom assemblages on the inter- and intra-specific level. Diatom assemblages from a short core from Lake Naivasha show a drastic shift over the last 200 years, as littoral species (e.g. Navicula) are replaced by more planktonic ones (e.g. Aulacoseira). Within that same period, we detected periodic changes in the respective frequencies of distinct haplotype groups of Navicula, which coincide with wet and dry periods of Lake Naivasha between 1820 and 1938 AD. Our genetic analyses on historical lake sediments revealed inter- and intra-specific variation in diatoms, which is partially hidden behind single morphotypes. The occurrence of particular genetic lineages is probably correlated to environmental factors.
Codes and data: Community size predicts temporal β-diversity at local but not regional scales
<p>UPDATED VERSION 2025-08-30 (models were updated)</p> <p>This zip file contains the codes demonstrating how I analyzed and selected publicly available and globally extensive data on fish composition and environmental variables to test the hypothesis that random fluctuations caused by demographic stochasticity in small populations might extend to communities and metacommunities, potentially affecting stability propagation across biological levels and spatial scales. The READ_ME file contains additional details about the steps I took to develop this analysis.</p> <p>This study was financed by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior-Brasil (CAPES) - Finance Code 001.</p>
Environment regimes play an important role in structuring trait- and taxonomy-based temporal beta diversity of riverine diatoms
<p>This dataset is from the manuscript '<span>Environment regimes play an important role </span><span>in structuring trait-and taxonomy-based temporal beta diversity of riverine </span><span>diatoms</span>' whereby daily riverine diatom data, flow, nutrients and metal ions data were used to examine <span>i) the relative roles of turnover and nestedness components to trait- and taxonomy-based temporal beta diversity of riverine diatoms; ii) whether trait-based temporal beta diversity provides complementary information to taxonomy-based temporal beta diversity; iii) the relative roles of hydrology (e.g., discharge, </span><span>antecedent precipitation index</span><span>), metal ions (e.g., </span><span>Mg2+, Si2+), and nutrients (e.g., nitrogen, orthophosphate) to the both facets of temporal beta diversity and their components (i.e., total beta diversity, turnover, and nestedness); and iv) whether inclusion of environment regimes increase their explained variations. Therefore, t</span>his dataset contains three different data: 1) daily species composition (date*species); 2) species trait (species * traits); 3) environmental variables (date*environmental variables). </p>
Data from: Temporal and spatial comparisons of angiosperm diversity between eastern Asia and North America
<p>Eastern Asia (EA) and North America north of Mexico (NA) have comparable latitude, land area, and climate, but the overall plant diversity is much higher in EA than in NA. Despite intensive studies on disjunct taxa of the two regions, the temporal and spatial diversity patterns between the two floras remain unclear. Here we explore the floristic differences between EA and NA using the well-studied floras of China and the United States of America (USA) as exemplars, while also employing a newly generated dated phylogeny covering ~90% of the angiosperm genera of the two countries and comprehensive spatial distribution data. We find that China possesses both higher richness and phylogenetic diversity (PD) for angiosperm genera than the USA. Notably, most lineages contribute to the PD anomaly between the two floras, with 46 of 58 lineages having higher PD in China. Temporally, China has a higher proportion of genera that originated before the Miocene than are found in the USA (29.9% vs 23.2%). The eastern USA has more genera that originated during the Paleogene than does the western USA, but the reverse pattern is observed after the middle Miocene, with more genera originating in the west. Spatially, China shows a more distinct east-west deviation in diversity than the USA with eastern China possessing much higher generic richness and PD and more ancient lineages than western China. However, the eastern USA possesses lower generic richness, but higher PD and more ancient lineages than the western USA. Both the floras in China and the USA share a signature of an older east and a younger west, and this pattern may be largely driven by regional orogenic activities and climatic changes in the west of the two regions. Finally, our study indicates that more efforts are needed to enhance biodiversity conservation in southern China and the eastern USA by identifying and protecting phylogenetic diversity hotspots.</p>
Data from: Linking genetic diversity and temporal fluctuations in population abundance of the introduced feral cat (Felis silvestris catus) on the Kerguelen Archipelago.
Linking temporal variations of genetic diversity, including allelic richness and heterozygosity, and spatio-temporal fluctuations in population abundance has emerged as an important tool for understanding demographic and evolutionary processes in natural populations. This so-called 'genetic monitoring' was conducted across 12 consecutive years (1996-2007) at three sites for the feral cat, introduced onto the Kerguelen Archipelago fifty years ago. Temporal changes in allelic richness and heterozygosity at 18 microsatellite DNA loci were compared to temporal changes in the adult population abundance index, obtained by typical demographic monitoring. No association was found at the island spatial scale but we observed an association between genetic diversity and adult population indices from year to year within each study site. More particularly, the magnitude of successive increases or decreases in the adult population abundance index appeared to be the major factor linking the trajectories of genetic diversity and adult population abundance indices. Natal dispersal and/or local recruitment, both facilitated by high juvenile survival when the adult population size is small, are proposed as the major demographic processes contributing to such an observed pattern. Finally, we suggested avoiding the use of the harmonic mean as an estimator of long-term population size to study the relationships between demographic fluctuations and heterozygosity in populations characterized by strong multi-annual density fluctuations.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.