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57 results for “theoretical model”
Data from: Is BAMM flawed? Theoretical and practical concerns in the analysis of multi-rate diversification models
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Data from: Theoretical model of impact mitigation mechanisms inherent to the North American bison skull
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Data from: Theoretical models of the influence of genomic architecture on the dynamics of speciation
A long-standing problem in evolutionary biology has been determining whether and how gradual, incremental changes at the gene level can account for rapid speciation and bursts of adaptive radiation. Using genome-scale computer simulations, we extend previous theory showing how gradual adaptive change can generate nonlinear population transitions, resulting in the rapid formation of new, reproductively isolated species. We show that these transitions occur via a mechanism rooted in a basic property of biological heredity: the organization of genes in genomes. Genomic organization of genes facilitates two processes: (i) the buildup of statistical associations among large numbers of genes, and (ii) the action of divergent selection on persistent combinations of alleles. When a population has accumulated a critical amount of standing, divergently selected variation, the combination of these two processes allows many mutations of small effect to act synergistically and precipitously split one population into two discontinuous, reproductively isolated groups. Periods of allopatry, chromosomal linkage among loci, and large-effect alleles can facilitate this process under some conditions, but are not required for it. Our results complement and extend existing theory on alternative stable states during population divergence, distinct phases of speciation, and the rapid emergence of multilocus barriers to gene flow. The results are thus a step toward aligning population genomic theory with modern empirical studies.
Supplemental material from: Can transcranial direct current stimulation enhance post-stroke motor recovery? Development of a theoretical patient-tailored model
<p>New treatments that can facilitate neural repair and reduce persistent impairments have significant value in promoting recovery following stroke. One technique that has gained interest is transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) as early research suggested it could enhance plasticity and enable greater behavioral recovery. However, several studies have now identified substantial inter-subject variability in response to tDCS and clinical trials revealed insufficient evidence of treatment effectiveness. A possible explanation for the varied and negative findings is that the physiological model of stroke recovery that researchers have used to guide the application of tDCS based treatments in stroke is overly simplistic and does not account for stroke heterogeneity or known determinants that affect the tDCS response. <a name="_Hlk62139152">Here, we propose that tDCS could have a more clearly beneficial role in enhancing stroke recovery</a> if greater consideration is given to individualizing treatment. By critically reviewing the proposed mechanisms of tDCS, stroke physiology across the recovery continuum, and known determinants of tDCS response, we propose a new, theoretical, patient-tailored approach to delivering tDCS after stroke. The proposed model includes a step-by-step principled selection strategy for identifying optimal neuromodulation targets and outlines key areas for further investigation. Tailoring tDCS treatment to individual neuroanatomy and physiology is likely our best chance at producing robust and meaningful clinical benefit for people with stroke and would, therefore, accelerate opportunities for clinical translation.</p>
Data from: A game-theoretical model of kleptoparasitic behaviour in an urban gull (Laridae) population.
Kleptoparasitism (food stealing) is a significant behaviour for animals that forage in social groups as it permits some individuals to obtain resources whilst avoiding the costs of searching for their own food. Evolutionary game theory has been used to model kleptoparasitism, with a series of differential equation based compartmental models providing significant theoretical insights into behaviour in kleptoparasitic populations. In this paper we apply this compartmental modelling approach to kleptoparasitic behaviour in a real foraging population of urban gulls (Laridae). Field data was collected on kleptoparasitism and a model developed that incorporated the same kleptoparasitic and defensive strategies available to the study population. Two analyses were conducted: 1. An assessment of whether the density of each behaviour in the population was at an equilibrium. 2. An investigation of whether individual foragers were using Evolutionarily Stable Strategies (ESS) in the correct environmental conditions. The results showed the density of different behaviours in the population could be at an equilibrium at plausible values for handling time and fight duration. Individual foragers used aggressive kleptoparasitic strategies effectively in the correct environmental conditions but some individuals in those same conditions failed to defend food items. This was attributed to the population being composed of three species that differed in competitive ability. These competitive differences influenced the strategies that individuals were able to use. Rather than gulls making poor behavioural decisions these results suggest a more complex three-species model is required to describe the behaviour of this population.
"A theoretical model of Surtseyan bomb fragmentation" code and data
<p>This is Matlab code and permeability and porosity data to accompany the manuscript "A theoretical model of Surtseyan bomb fragmentation", which is accepted for publication in the Proceedings of the Royal Society London, Series A, and for which a preprint will be deposited in arXiv.</p>
Data from: Trophic interactions drive the emergence of diel vertical migration patterns: a game-theoretic model of copepod communities
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Supplemental material from: Can transcranial direct current stimulation enhance post-stroke motor recovery? Development of a theoretical patient-tailored model
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: A game-theoretical model of kleptoparasitic behaviour in an urban gull (Laridae) population.
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Theoretical models of the influence of genomic architecture on the dynamics of speciation
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Data generated by our developed theoretical asperity contact creep model
<p>The uploaded data was generated by our developed theoretical asperity contact creep model of interfacial friction for Geomaterials, including excel-style data and origin-style data.</p>
Construction of Theoretical Model of Medical Treatment Behavior of Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06175585. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
The Effect of Nurse-led Motivational Interviewing Based on the Trans-theoretical Model
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04128553. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Application of Improved Baduanjin Combined Cross-theoretical Model Based on Internet in Family Empowering Elderly PCI Cardiac Rehabilitation
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06392958. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Trans-theoretical Model Based Home Visiting on Medication Behavior
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05951062. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Quantifying Nitrous Oxide Effect on Depth of Anaesthesia Using Theoretically Based Time Series Modelling
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00226837. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Supporting New Graduated Nurse's Professional Competence, a Theoretical Model for Optimal Orientation
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04474769. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 0. Publications: 0.
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.