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Fig. 1 in Identification and characterization of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus candidate protective antigens for the control of cattle tick infestations

Fig. 1 Antibody response in vaccinated cattle. Bovine serum antibody titers to recombinant antigens were determined by ELISA in cattle vaccinated with ubiquitin, subolesin, Bm86, and adjuvant/ saline control. Antibody titers in immunized cattle were expressed as the OD450 nm value for the highest serum dilution (1:1,000) and compared between vaccinated and control cattle using an ANOVA test (*P<0.05). The time of vaccination shots (arrows) and tick infestation are indicated

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Fig. 1 in The Rhipicephalus appendiculatus tick vector of Theileria parva is absent from cape buffalo (Syncerus caffer) populations and associated ecosystems in northern Uganda

Fig. 1 Map showing the sampling sites. The three national parks are indicated with red dots and the cattle sampling sites adjacent to the parks depicted as green dots

Fig. 2 in Description of a new tick species, Ixodes collaris n. sp. (Acari: Ixodidae), from bats (Chiroptera: Hipposideridae, Rhinolophidae) in Vietnam

Fig. 2 Ventral idiosomal setae of a Ixodes collaris n. sp. (holotype) and b Ixodes vespertilionis in a similar state of encorcement. Note that I. collaris n. sp. has shorter setae anteriorly to the cenital aperture than posteriorly, whereas setae of I. vespertilionis are similar in lencth both anteriorly and posteriorly to the cenital aperture. I. collaris n. sp.: c perianal setae; d spiracular plate

Fig. 1 in Description of a new tick species, Ixodes collaris n. sp. (Acari: Ixodidae), from bats (Chiroptera: Hipposideridae, Rhinolophidae) in Vietnam

Fig. 1 Dorsal view of female of Ixodes collaris n. sp. a Holotype: posteriorly broad scutum (arrow), as contrasted to that of Ixodes vespertilionis female (b); c Basis capituli and palps of paratype No. 1. showinc convex loncitudinal flanks (arrow) enclosinc the porose areas, which are loncer than broad, as contrasted to those of I. vespertilionis female (d)

Fig. 5 in Description of a new tick species, Ixodes collaris n. sp. (Acari: Ixodidae), from bats (Chiroptera: Hipposideridae, Rhinolophidae) in Vietnam

Fig. 5 Drawincs of structures with diacnostic importance in the female (1) and nymph (2) of Ixodes collaris n. sp. Labels: 1.a and 2.a, capitulum dorsal view; 1.b and 2b, capitulum ventral view; 1.c and 2.c, coxae (downward: I-IV) with the collar overlayinc coxa I; 1.d and 2.d, scutum; 1.e, Haller's orcan

Fig. 4 in Description of a new tick species, Ixodes collaris n. sp. (Acari: Ixodidae), from bats (Chiroptera: Hipposideridae, Rhinolophidae) in Vietnam

Fig. 4 Nymphs of Ixodes collaris n. sp. (paratype No. 2) (a, b) and I. vespertilionis (c). a I. collaris n. sp., dorsal view. b I. collaris n. sp., cnathosoma, ventral view. Note semitransparent collars extendinc above the first coxae (arrows). c Gnathosoma of I. vespertilionis, ventral view

Fig. 3 in Description of a new tick species, Ixodes collaris n. sp. (Acari: Ixodidae), from bats (Chiroptera: Hipposideridae, Rhinolophidae) in Vietnam

Fig. 3 Ventral view of female a Ixodes vespertilionis and b Ixodes collaris n. sp. (holotype). a I. vespertilionis shows lateral flance on basis capituli (blue arrow) and a few, lonc coxal setae (especially on coxa III: white arrows). Note: V-shaped arrancement of some of these setae is due to reflection. b I. collaris n. sp. with ventral collar on basis capituli (yellow arrow) and multiple, short coxal setae (black arrows)

Fig. 9 in Description of the female, nymph and larva and mitochondrial genome, and redescription of the male of Ixodes barkeri Barker, 2019 (Acari: Ixodidae), from the short-beaked echidna, Tachyglossus aculeatus, with a consideration of the most suitable subgenus for this tick

Fig. 9 Mitochondrial genomes of Ixodes (Endopalpiger) australiensis, I. (Endo.) barkeri, I. (Endo.) woyliei and I. (Exopalpiger) fecialis. Protein-coding genes are shown in green, tRNAs are in yellow, rRNAs are in red, and the two control regions are in blue. Protein-coding genes are labelled by their four-character abbreviations, tRNAs are labelled by their one-letter amino acid abbreviations, and the two control regions are labelled as CR1 and CR2. Mitochondrial genome size variation is indicated in parentheses. The arrangement of genes in these four species is identical except that the main cluster of tRNA genes has the arrangement ARNSEF in the three species of Endopalpiger [I. (Endo.) australiensis, I. (End.) barkeri and I. (End.) woyliei], whereas in the one species of Exopalpiger [I. (Exo.) fecialis] the arrangement is ARNESF. The arrangement in I. (Exo.) fecialis is the first known arrangement in an Ixodidae tick that is different from ARNSEF.Thus, ARNESF might be a synapomorphy for the subgenus Exopalpiger

Fig. 7 Ixodes barkeri Barker, 2019 in Description of the female, nymph and larva and mitochondrial genome, and redescription of the male of Ixodes barkeri Barker, 2019 (Acari: Ixodidae), from the short-beaked echidna, Tachyglossus aculeatus, with a consideration of the most suitable subgenus for this tick

Fig. 7 Ixodes barkeri Barker, 2019, scanning electron micrographs of larva. A Scutum. B Gnathosoma, dorsal view. C Gnathosoma, ventral view. D Gnathosoma, anteroventral view. E Coxae. Scale bars: A, E 0.1 mm; B–D, 0.05 mm

Fig. 1 in Description of the female, nymph and larva and mitochondrial genome, and redescription of the male of Ixodes barkeri Barker, 2019 (Acari: Ixodidae), from the short-beaked echidna, Tachyglossus aculeatus, with a consideration of the most suitable subgenus for this tick

Fig. 1 The four known localities in Australia, Queensland (Qld), of Ixodes barkeri Barker, 2019, are indicated by white-with-red dots

Fig. 10 in Description of the female, nymph and larva and mitochondrial genome, and redescription of the male of Ixodes barkeri Barker, 2019 (Acari: Ixodidae), from the short-beaked echidna, Tachyglossus aculeatus, with a consideration of the most suitable subgenus for this tick

Fig. 10 Maximum likelihood (ML) phylogenetic tree from entire mt genomes (14,935 bps). The sequence alignment was put though Gblocks to remove regions with alignment gaps.Tip labels indicate NCBI accession numbers and (Barker & Barker Collection reference nos.). Numbers above branches show maximum likelihood bootstrap support, whereas numbers below branches show the Bayesian posterior probability support. Ixodes pavlovskyi Pomerantzev, 1946, one of the species "Other Ixodes" (sensu Barker & Murrell, 2004), for which an entire mitochondrial (mt) genome was available in GenBank, was set as the outgroup. The scale bar indicates 0.06 nucleotide substitutions per nucleotide site for the 14,935 nucleotide sites in our alignment of theses entire mt genomes. So, for example, there were about 896 nucleotide substitutions along the branch that leads to I. (Ceratixodes) uriae plus I. (Sternalixodes) holocyclus plus I. (Exopalpiger) fecialis, which is marked with an asterisk [i.e. 0.06 nucleotide substitutions per nucleotide site × 14,935 nucleotide sites (bps) = 1896 nucleotide substitutions]. Ticks in bold were sequenced in the present study

Fig. 2 Infected R in Isolation of infectious Theileria parva sporozoites secreted by infected Rhipicephalus appendiculatus ticks into an in vitro tick feeding system

Fig. 2 Infected R. appendiculatus adult ticks feeding on a silicone membrane. a A representation of adult ticks attached to a silicone membrane. b Detection of tick salivary gland infected with T. parva via p104 PCR. Amplicons were visualized in 2% agarose gel

Fig. 5 in Isolation of infectious Theileria parva sporozoites secreted by infected Rhipicephalus appendiculatus ticks into an in vitro tick feeding system

Fig. 5 Determination of the minimum dose of T. parva sporozoites from the in vitro tick feeding system sufficient to infect bovine lymphocytes in vitro. Lymphocytes were probed with anti-PIM monoclonal antibody. a Unstimulated and ConA-stimulated negative controls. b Flow cytometric detection of infected lymphocytes exposed to tenfold serial dilutions of T. parva sporozoites isolated from the in vitro tick feeding system

Fig. 4 Ixodes barkeri Barker, 2019 in Description of the female, nymph and larva and mitochondrial genome, and redescription of the male of Ixodes barkeri Barker, 2019 (Acari: Ixodidae), from the short-beaked echidna, Tachyglossus aculeatus, with a consideration of the most suitable subgenus for this tick

Fig. 4 Ixodes barkeri Barker, 2019, scanning electron micrographs of female. A Idiosoma, dorsal view. B Scutum, dorsal view. C Scutum, dorsolateral view. D Idiosoma showing scutum and alloscutum with punctations and setae, dorsal centrolateral portion. E Idiosoma, ventral view. Scale bars: A, E 0.5 mm; B, C 0.2 mm; D 0.1 mm

Fig. 6 Ixodes barkeri Barker, 2019 in Description of the female, nymph and larva and mitochondrial genome, and redescription of the male of Ixodes barkeri Barker, 2019 (Acari: Ixodidae), from the short-beaked echidna, Tachyglossus aculeatus, with a consideration of the most suitable subgenus for this tick

Fig. 6 Ixodes barkeri Barker, 2019, scanning electron micrographs of nymph. A Scutum. B Spiracular plate (arrows show orientation of spiracular plate: a, anterior; d, dorsal). C Gnathosoma, dorsal view. D Gnathosoma, ventral view. E Gnathosoma, anteroventral view. F Coxae. Scale bars: A, C–F, 0.1 mm; B, 0.05 mm

Fig. 5 Ixodes barkeri Barker, 2019 in Description of the female, nymph and larva and mitochondrial genome, and redescription of the male of Ixodes barkeri Barker, 2019 (Acari: Ixodidae), from the short-beaked echidna, Tachyglossus aculeatus, with a consideration of the most suitable subgenus for this tick

Fig. 5 Ixodes barkeri Barker, 2019, scanning electron micrographs of female. A Spiracular plate (arrows show orientation of spiracular plate: a, anterior; d, dorsal). B Gnathosoma, dorsal view. C Gnathosoma, ventral view (I, palpal article 1; II, palpal article 2; ss the strongly salient part of palpal article 1). D Gnathosoma, anteroventral view. E Coxae. F Trochanter I, dorsal view. Scale bars: A, F, 0.1 mm; B–E, 0.2 mm

Fig. 8 Ixodes barkeri Barker, 2019 in Description of the female, nymph and larva and mitochondrial genome, and redescription of the male of Ixodes barkeri Barker, 2019 (Acari: Ixodidae), from the short-beaked echidna, Tachyglossus aculeatus, with a consideration of the most suitable subgenus for this tick

Fig. 8 Ixodes barkeri Barker, 2019, light microscopy image of female (Barker & Barker Collection reference #B5321), male (# B4994), nymph (#B5321) and larva (# B5321). Horizontal broken scale bars: 1 mm; vertical scale bars also in mm

Fig. 4 in Isolation of infectious Theileria parva sporozoites secreted by infected Rhipicephalus appendiculatus ticks into an in vitro tick feeding system

Fig. 4 Demonstration of infectivity of secreted T. parva sporozoites collected from the in vitro tick feeding system. a Flow cytometric detection of cultured T. parva-infected lymphocytes. b Immunocytochemistry demonstrating T. parva schizont formation in bovine lymphocytes. Lymphocytes were probed with monoclonal antibodies: left panel, isotype control; right panel, anti-PIM. Red indicates antibody-specific reactivity to T. parva within bovine lymphocytes. Scale bar: 20 µm

Fig. 3 in Isolation of infectious Theileria parva sporozoites secreted by infected Rhipicephalus appendiculatus ticks into an in vitro tick feeding system

Fig. 3 Immunohistochemical detection of T. parva salivary gland acinus colonization in adult ticks. Tick sections were probed with monoclonal antibodies: a anti-PIM; b anti-p67; c isotype control. Red indicates antibody-specific reactivity to T. parva colonies. Scale bar: 50 µm

Fig. 1 in Isolation of infectious Theileria parva sporozoites secreted by infected Rhipicephalus appendiculatus ticks into an in vitro tick feeding system

Fig. 1 Infection of R. appendiculatus via acquisition feeding on a T. parva-infected calf. a Calf was infected via subcutaneous inoculation with T. parva salivary gland stabilate. The calf developed severe fever beginning 10 days post-infection. Red arrow indicates nymphal tick application and green arrows indicate collection of replete nymphs. b Detection of T. parva via p104 PCR. Amplicons were visualized in 2% agarose gel