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171 results for “time sampling”
Data from: Measuring behavior patterns and evaluating time sampling methodology to characterize brush use in weaned beef cattle
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Influence of preservation methods, sample medium and sampling time on eDNA recovery in a neotropical river
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Data from: Time is of the essence: using archived samples to develop a GT-seq panel to preserve continuity of ongoing genetic monitoring
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Data from: assessing the suitability of a one-time sampling event for close-kin mark-recapture: a caribou case study
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Influence of RNA-Seq library construction, sampling methods, and tissue harvesting time on gene expression estimation
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Data from: Timing of vegetation sampling does not influence associations between visual obstruction and turkey nest survival in a montane forest
Evaluating relationships between ecological processes that occur concurrently is complicated by the potential for such processes to covary. Ground-nesting birds rely on habitat characteristics that provide concealment from predators; this protection often is provided by vegetation at the nest. Recently, researchers have raised concern that measuring vegetation at nest fate introduces a bias, as vegetation at successful nests is measured later in the growing season. This bias can lead to an erroneous conclusion that plant height is positively associated with nest survival. However, if the features that provide concealment are invariant during the incubation period, no bias should be expected, and the timing of measurement is less influential. We used data collected from 98 nests to evaluate whether there is evidence that such a bias exists in a study of wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) nesting in a forest ecosystem. We modelled nest survival as a function of visual obstruction and other covariates of interest. At unsuccessful nests, we collected visual obstruction readings at both the date of nest failure and the projected hatch date and compared survival estimates generated using both sets of vegetation data. In contrast to studies in other systems, we found little evidence that the timing of vegetation sampling influenced conclusions regarding the association between visual obstruction and survival; model selection and estimates of nest survival were similar regardless of when vegetation data were collected. The dominant hiding cover at most of our nests was provided by evergreen shrubs; slow growth of these plants likely prevent appreciable changes in visual obstruction during incubation. When considered with a growing body of literature, our results suggest that the influence of timing of sampling depends on the study system. When designing future studies, investigators should consider the structures that provide nest concealment and whether phenology is confounded with nest survival.
Increased time sampling in an evolve-and-resequence experiment with outcrossing Saccharomyces cerevisiae reveals multiple paths of adaptive change
<p>"Evolve and resequence" (E&R) studies combine experimental evolution and whole-genome sequencing to interrogate the genetics underlying adaptation. Due to ease of handling, E&R work with asexual organisms like bacteria can employ optimized experimental design, with large experiments and many generations of selection. By contrast, E&R experiments with sexually reproducing organisms are more difficult to implement, and design parameters vary dramatically among studies. Thus, efforts have been made to assess how these differences, such as number of independent replicates, or size of experimental populations, impact inference. We add to this work by investigating the role of time sampling – the number of discrete timepoints sequence data is collected from evolving populations. Using data from an E&R experiment with outcrossing <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae </i>in which populations were sequenced 17 times over ~540 generations, we address the following questions: (i) do more timepoints improve the ability to identify candidate regions underlying selection? And (ii) does high-resolution sampling provide unique insight into evolutionary processes driving adaptation? We find that while time sampling does not improve the ability to identify candidate regions, high-resolution sampling does provide valuable opportunities to characterize evolutionary dynamics. Increased time sampling reveals three distinct trajectories for adaptive alleles: one consistent with classic population genetic theory (i.e. models assuming constant selection coefficients), and two where trajectories suggest more context-dependent responses (i.e. models involving dynamic selection coefficients). We conclude that while time sampling has limited impact on candidate region identification, sampling 8 or more timepoints has clear benefits for studying complex evolutionary dynamics.</p>
Data from: Real-time assessment of hybridization between wolves and dogs: combining non-invasive samples with ancestry informative markers
Wolves and dogs provide a paradigmatic example of the ecological and conservation implications of hybridization events between wild and domesticated forms. However, our understanding of such implications has been traditionally hampered by both high genetic similarity and the difficulties in obtaining tissue samples (TS), which limit our ability to assess ongoing hybridization events. To assess the occurrence and extension of hybridization in a pack of wolf-dog hybrids in Northwestern Iberia, we compared the power of 52 nuclear markers implemented on TS with a subset of 13 ancestry informative markers (AIMs) typed in non-invasive samples (NIS). We demonstrate that the 13 AIMs are as accurate as the 52 markers that were chosen without regard to the power to differentiate between wolves and dogs, also having the advantage of being rapidly screened on NIS. The efficiency of AIMs significantly outperformed ten random sets of similar size and an additional commercial set of 18 markers. Bayesian clustering analysis implemented on AIMs and NIS identified nine hybrids, two wolves and two dogs. Four hybrids were unambiguously assigned to F1xWolf backcrosses. Our approach (AIMs + NIS) overcomes previous difficulties related to sample availability and informative power of markers, allowing a quick identification of wolf-dog hybrids in the first phases of hybridization episodes. This provides managers with a reliable tool to evaluate hybridization, and estimate the success of their actions. This approach may be easily adapted for other pairs of wild/domesticated species, thus improving our understanding of the introgression of domestication genes into natural populations.
Informative data about the biological sample studied in the article "Nineteenth century French rose (Rosa sp.) germplasm shows a shift over time from a European to an Asian genetic background"
<p>Informative data about the biological sample studied in the article "Nineteenth century French rose (<em>Rosa </em>sp.) germplasm shows a shift over time from a European to an Asian genetic background" published in Journal of Experimental Botany (https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erw269)</p>
Estimating density of mountain hares using distance sampling: a comparison of daylight visual surveys, night-time thermal imaging and camera traps
<p><a name="_Hlk58254629"></a></p> <p><a name="_Hlk58254629">Surveying cryptic, nocturnal animals is logistically challenging. Consequently, density estimates may be imprecise and uncertain. Survey innovations mitigate ecological and observational difficulties contributing to estimation variance. Thus, comparisons of survey techniques are critical to evaluate estimates of abundance. We simultaneously compared three methods for observing mountain hare (<i>Lepus timidus</i>) using Distance sampling to estimate abundance. Daylight visual surveys achieved 41 detections, estimating density at 14.3 hares km<sup>-2</sup> (95%CI 6.3–32.5) resulting in the lowest estimate and widest confidence interval. Night-time thermal imaging achieved 206 detections, estimating density at 12.1 hares km<sup>-2 </sup>(95%CI 7.6–19.4). Thermal imaging captured more observations at furthest distances, and detected larger group sizes. Camera traps achieved 3,705 night-time detections, estimating density at 22.6 hares km<sup>-2 </sup>(95%CI 17.1–29.9). Between the methods, detections were spatially correlated, although the estimates of density varied. Our results suggest that daylight visual surveys tended to underestimate density, failing to reflect nocturnal activity. Thermal imaging captured nocturnal activity, providing a higher detection rate, but required fine weather. Camera traps captured nocturnal activity, and operated 24/7 throughout harsh weather, but needed careful consideration of empirical assumptions. </a>We discuss the merits and limitations of each method with respect to the estimation of population density in the field.</p>
Timing of blood sample processing affects the transcriptomic and epigenomic profiles in CD4+ T-cells of atopic subjects
<p><span>Optimal</span><span> pre-analytical conditions for blood sample processing and isolation of selected cell populations for subsequent transcriptomic and epigenomic studies are required to obtain robust and reproducible results. This pilot study was conducted to investigate the potential effects of timing of CD4<sup>+</sup> T-cell processing from peripheral blood of atopic and non-atopic adults on their transcriptomic and epigenetic profiles. Two heparinized blood samples were drawn from each of three atopic and three healthy individuals. For each individual, </span><span>CD4<sup>+</sup></span><span> T-cells were isolated from the first blood sample within 2 hours (immediate) or from the second blood sample after 24 hours storage (delayed). RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) and histone H3K27 acetylation chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-Seq) analyses were performed. A multiplicity of genes was shown to be differentially expressed in immediately processed </span><span>CD4<sup>+</sup></span><span> T-cells from atopic versus healthy subjects. These differences disappeared when comparing delayed processed cells due to a drastic change in expression levels of atopy-related genes in delayed processed </span><span>CD4<sup>+</sup></span><span> T-cells from atopic donors. This finding was further validated on the epigenomic level by examining H3K27 acetylation profiles. In contrast, transcriptomic and epigenomic profiles of blood </span><span>CD4<sup>+</sup></span><span> T-cells of healthy donors remained rather unaffected. Taken together, for successful transcriptomics and epigenomics studies, detailed standard operating procedures developed on the basis of samples from both healthy and disease conditions are implicitly recommended.</span></p>
Comprehensive taxon sampling and vetted fossils help clarify the time tree of shorebirds (Aves, Charadriiformes)
<div> <div> <div> <p>Shorebirds (Charadriiformes) are a globally distributed clade of modern birds and, due to their ecological and morphological disparity, a frequent subject of comparative studies. While molecular phylogenies have been key to establishing the suprafamilial backbone of the charadriiform tree, a number of relationships at both deep and shallow taxonomic levels remain poorly resolved. The timescale of shorebird evolution also remains uncertain as a result of extensive disagreements among the published divergence dating studies, stemming largely from different choices of fossil calibrations. Here, we present the most comprehensive non-supertree phylogeny of shorebirds to date, based on a total-evidence dataset comprising 353 ingroup taxa (90% of all extant or recently extinct species), 27 loci (15 mitochondrial and 12 nuclear), and 69 morphological characters. We further clarify the timeline of charadriiform evolution by time-scaling this phylogeny using a set of 14 up-to-date and thoroughly vetted fossil calibrations. In addition, we assemble a taxonomically restricted 100-locus dataset specifically designed to resolve outstanding problems in higher-level charadriiform phylogeny. In terms of tree topology, our results are largely congruent with previous studies but indicate that some of the conflicts among earlier analyses reflect a genuine signal of pervasive gene tree discordance. Monophyly of the plovers (Charadriidae), the position of the ibisbill (<em>Ibidorhyncha</em>), and the relationships among the five subfamilies of the gulls (Laridae) could not be resolved even with greatly increased locus and taxon sampling. Moreover, several localized regions of uncertainty persist in shallower parts of the tree, including the interrelationships of the true auks (Alcinae) and anarhynchine plovers. Our node-dating and macroevolutionary rate analyses find support for a Paleocene origin of crown-group shorebirds, as well as exceptionally rapid recent radiations of Old World oystercatchers (Haematopodidae) and select genera of gulls. Our study underscores the challenges involved in estimating a comprehensively sampled and carefully calibrated time tree for a diverse avian clade, and highlights areas in need of further research.</p> </div> </div> </div>
Details of the clinical and CSF findings in the enrolled patients with time-matched paired serum and CSF samples
<p>Demographics and clinical features of the enrolled patients with either of the three demyelinating neurological diseases according to the presence of disease-specific antibody (MOG-IgG, AQP4-IgG), confirmed by a live cell-based assay method, are shown in the dataset.</p> <p>Patients treated in our facility (Tohoku University, Japan) with acute neurological episodes in whom time-matched paired serum and CSF MOG-IgG and AQP4-IgG titers were simultaneously evaluated during the acute phase of the neurological episodes between 2006 and 2020 were initially recruited. To increase the sample size, eligible data of the patients from other facilities in Japan were additionally collected. Based on the results of the MOG-IgG and AQP4-IgG titrations for their serum and CSF samples, patients were divided into the following four disease groups: MOG-IgG-associated disease (MOGAD), AQP4-IgG-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (anti-AQP4-positive NMOSD), multiple sclerosis (MS) without these antibodies, and other conditions. Patients with the first three disease groups were included for the study.</p>
TIME and Space Sampling power tool (TIMESS)
<p>Self executable (based on R and shiny) to conduct power analysis to estimate the number of locations and repeated measurements necessary to detect a certain effect size at a given power. The algorithm allows to account for mosquitoes seasonal patterns and spatially clustered mosquito counts. </p>
Data from: Across space and time: a review of sampling and analytical biases in fossil data across macroecological scales
<p>Quantitative studies of fossil data have proven critical to a number of major macroevolutionary and macroecological discoveries, such as the 'Big 5' mass extinctions of the Phanerozoic. The development and easy accessibility of major meta-data sources such as the Paleobiology Database and Geobiodiversity Database have also spurred the widespread application of these data to testing ecological hypotheses at finer spatiotemporal and phylogenetic scales. However, issues of preservational/taphonomic biases, sampling/collecting biases, taxonomic issues, and analytical choice can impact the degree of interpretative resolution possible, and even obscure biological 'signal' from error/bias-introduced 'noise'. The degree to which these factors can impact analytical interpretations is not well-documented in comparison to the scale of use of these data sources. Here, we review the many forms of systematic error that can creep into a paleoecological study, from the stage of data collection to the interpretation of analytical results, and provide two case studies based upon re-analysis of previously-published datasets to illustrate the varying impacts of such biases. The first case study focuses on the Cambrian Burgess Shale, and the second on the Belly River Group, with both representing highly-sampled, taphonomically characterized, and spatiotemporally-constrained datasets developed through multiple years of sustained field collecting. In the former, we illustrate the impacts of collecting bias through quantitative comparisons of collected vs. discarded specimens over multiple field seasons, illustrating the impact of this data loss on ecological reconstructions and analysis. In the latter case study, we review the impact of preservational biases, the approaches to their quantification and mitigation, where these approaches have led to misinterpretations in the past, and the differences in ecological resolution that result from occurrence vs abundance approaches in macroecological analysis. Lastly, we synthesize these case studies with our review of past approaches to propose a series of recommendations for future paleoecological and macroecological studies, emphasizing the continued importance of high-quality primary data and ongoing need for a first-principles approach to address existing issues of missing data.</p>
Preoperative Supine Time for Adrenal Venous Sampling
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05658705. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 8.
Detection of Chlamydia Trachomatis, Neisseria Gonorrhoeae and Mycoplasma Genitalium by Real-time Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) After Pooling Pharyngeal, Anorectal and Urinary Samples
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03568695. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 5.
Sample Size for Multivariate Time-to-event Data
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03964402. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 3.
Estimating density of mountain hares using distance sampling: a comparison of daylight visual surveys, night-time thermal imaging and camera traps
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Data from: The impact of geographic range, sampling, ecology, and time on extinction risk in the volatile clade Graptoloida
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.