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63 results for “tree crowns”
Figure 2 in Additions to the British list of Megaselia Rondani (Diptera: Phoridae), including two new species, from the crowns of ancient pollarded trees
Figure 2. Megaselia crassipes male (synonym of M. basiturgida). (A) Left face of hypopygium; (B) posterior face of front tibia and basitarsus. Scale bar: 0.1 mm.
Data from: Tree species diversity promotes litterfall productivity through crown complementarity in subtropical forests
1. The role of niche complementarity for driving the positive biodiversity-ecosystem productivity relationship has been widely recognized, but there is scant evidence regarding the role of tree canopy structure on this relationship. Litterfall productivity is proportional to forest net primary productivity in natural forests, and we hypothesized that litterfall productivity would increase with tree species diversity via increased tree crown complementarity. 2. We investigated annual litterfall productivity, species diversity, tree crown architecture, soil moisture content, soil carbon content, and stand age across 28 subtropical forest plots in eastern Zhejiang province, China. Simple linear regression was used to examine bivariate relationships among rarified species richness, crown complementarity, total crown volume, soil moisture content, soil carbon content, stand age, and litterfall productivity. Structural equation modeling was employed to quantify the direct and indirect effects of species richness on litterfall productivity through tree crown complementarity. 3. Litterfall productivity increased with rarefied species richness via increasing crown complementarity rather than total crown volume. Species richness, crown complementarity, and litterfall productivity increased with soil moisture content, while crown complementarity and litterfall productivity increased with soil carbon content. Neither species richness nor crown complementarity increased with stand age, even though litterfall productivity increased with stand age. 4. Synthesis. Our study provides evidence for a strong role of tree crown assembly in shaping ecosystem function in complex natural forests. Our findings suggest that crown spatial complementarity among trees operates mechanistically to drive the positive tree species diversity-litterfall productivity relationship in subtropical forests. We argue that community and/or ecosystem ecology would benefit from more attention to crown variability among coexisting tree species.
Data from: Neighbor effects on tree architecture: functional trade-offs balancing crown competitiveness with wind resistance
1. The architecture of trees is the result of constrained, morphologically plastic growth—constrained by an underlying architectural model embedded in their genome, the structure of which can be significantly altered during growth to match the changing environmental conditions to which the tree is exposed. Here, we examined the hypothesis that crowding from neighbors should cause trees to optimize traits for light competition at the expense of wind resistance, with the reverse being true for trees lacking neighbors. Previous studies have examined the influence of light competition or wind resistance on shaping tree architecture, but few, if any, have simultaneously addressed tradeoffs for optimizing these traits in response to crowding from neighboring trees in forests, as compared to open-grown conditions. 2. We studied the response of tree- and branch-level architectural traits of temperate, broad-leaved, deciduous tree species of differing shade tolerance and wood strength from multiple locations across the northeastern United States. Trees ranged in size (4 to 83 cm diameter at 1.3 m) and crowding conditions (open-grown and forests) and occupied different canopy positions. The open-grown trees represented a null condition, where the lack of neighboring trees to shape architectural traits could be contrasted with the influence of different levels of crowding in forests. 3. Our results show strong evidence for a tree neighborhood-induced convergence of architectural traits across species and conditions, even when trees are growing in urban rather than natural forest conditions. After accounting for crowding, the effects of species and sample location contributed very little to explaining variation in architectural traits. One exception was crown dimensions, for which species-specific differences explained about 15% of the residual variation. 4. Under open-grown conditions, alleviation of light competition caused trees to develop relatively large crowns and branches and a squat growth form suitable to resist greater wind exposure. By contrast, increasing shading from neighboring trees caused forest-grown trees to become increasingly more spindly in the main stem, with slender branches sparsely distributed over a disproportionately large crown volume—presumably to maximize light capture. Though the latter is an intrinsically less wind-stable form, it can be adopted to increase light capture, because neighboring trees reduce exposure to the wind, which should greatly reduce the likelihood of stem breakage or uprooting under critical wind pressures.
Data from: Turning the crown upside down: gene tree parsimony roots the eukaryotic tree of life
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Data from: Neighbor effects on tree architecture: functional trade-offs balancing crown competitiveness with wind resistance
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Tree species diversity promotes litterfall productivity through crown complementarity in subtropical forests
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Crown Illumination Index (CII) Values for Light on Tree Crowns at Harvard Forest LTER
Patterns of biodiversity, such as the increase toward the tropics and the peaked curve during ecological succession, are fundamental phenomena for ecology. Such patterns have multiple, interacting causes, but temperature emerges as a dominant factor across organisms from microbes to trees and mammals, and across terrestrial, marine, and freshwater environments. However, there is little consensus on the underlying mechanisms, even as global temperatures increase and the need to predict their effects becomes more pressing. The purpose of this project is to generate and test theory for how temperature impacts biodiversity through its effect on biochemical processes and metabolic rate. A combination of standardized surveys in the field and controlled experiments in the field and laboratory measure diversity of three taxa -- trees, invertebrates, and microbes -- and key biogeochemical processes of decomposition in seven forests distributed along a geographic gradient of increasing temperature from cold temperate to warm tropical. This dataset was based on trees contained in five Gentry plots set up at Harvard Forest by the Enquist Lab (PI, Brian Enquist) from the University of Arizona as part of a macrosystems biodiversity and latitude project supported by the National Science Foundation under Cooperative Agreement DEB#1065836. The CII stands for Crown Illumination Index, which is a ranked measure of how closed or open a canopy is. It was developed by Clark and Clark (1992), and focuses on the extent to which the crown of any sized tree receives overhead vertical light (directly above) and lateral light coming from the sides. For instance, a '5' corresponds to an exposed tree, a '1' to a completely shaded tree. Trees were classified by CII at Harvard Forest LTER by John Grady of the University of New Mexico.
Figure 23. Megaselia D&R-S in Additions to the British list of Megaselia Rondani (Diptera: Phoridae), including two new species, from the crowns of ancient pollarded trees
Figure 23. Megaselia D&R-S sp. A, female, dorsal face of abdomen.
Figure 24. Megaselia D&R-S in Additions to the British list of Megaselia Rondani (Diptera: Phoridae), including two new species, from the crowns of ancient pollarded trees
Figure 24. Megaselia D&R-S sp. A, female, furca.
Figure 18 in Additions to the British list of Megaselia Rondani (Diptera: Phoridae), including two new species, from the crowns of ancient pollarded trees
Figure 18. Megaselia speiseri female. details of abdomen, tergites 3–6.
Figure 16 in Additions to the British list of Megaselia Rondani (Diptera: Phoridae), including two new species, from the crowns of ancient pollarded trees
Figure 16. Megaselia serrata female, details of abdomen, furca from a third specimen.
Figure 20. Megaselia speiseri female, sternite 7 in Additions to the British list of Megaselia Rondani (Diptera: Phoridae), including two new species, from the crowns of ancient pollarded trees
Figure 20. Megaselia speiseri female, sternite 7.
Figure 12 in Additions to the British list of Megaselia Rondani (Diptera: Phoridae), including two new species, from the crowns of ancient pollarded trees
Figure 12. Megaselia serrata female, details of abdomen, sternite 7.
Figure 17 in Additions to the British list of Megaselia Rondani (Diptera: Phoridae), including two new species, from the crowns of ancient pollarded trees
Figure 17. Megaselia speiseri female, proboscis and palps.
Figure 9 in Additions to the British list of Megaselia Rondani (Diptera: Phoridae), including two new species, from the crowns of ancient pollarded trees
Figure 9. Megaselia serrata female, details of abdomen, tergites.
Figure 11 in Additions to the British list of Megaselia Rondani (Diptera: Phoridae), including two new species, from the crowns of ancient pollarded trees
Figure 11. Megaselia serrata female, details of abdomen, terminal segments from above.
Figure 10 in Additions to the British list of Megaselia Rondani (Diptera: Phoridae), including two new species, from the crowns of ancient pollarded trees
Figure 10. Megaselia serrata female, details of abdomen, tergites 7–10.
Figure 15 in Additions to the British list of Megaselia Rondani (Diptera: Phoridae), including two new species, from the crowns of ancient pollarded trees
Figure 15. Megaselia serrata female, details of abdomen, furca from a second specimen.
Figure 21 in Additions to the British list of Megaselia Rondani (Diptera: Phoridae), including two new species, from the crowns of ancient pollarded trees
Figure 21. Megaselia speiseri female, Dufour's crop mechanism (anterior end to right).
Figure 3 in Additions to the British list of Megaselia Rondani (Diptera: Phoridae), including two new species, from the crowns of ancient pollarded trees
Figure 3. Megaselia crassipes male (synonym of M. gargarans), left face of anal tube.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.