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FIGURE 6 in Pyura gangelion and Pyura beta sp. nov. (Ascidiacea: Pyuridae): an exotic and a new tunicate from the West Atlantic

FIGURE 6. Pyura gangelion (Savigny, 1816) from Brazil. A, B. Animal removed from the tunic, right and left sides respectively. C. Dissected animal showing the pharynx. D. Dissected animal (pharynx removed). E. Detail of the right side showing gonadal lobes, endocarps both on the gonads and along the heart. F. Detail of the left side showing the digestive gland, intestine, gonads and endocarps on the intestine wall and gonadal lobes. G. Stained pharynx. H. Detail of an oral tentacle. I. Extension of the tunic into the oral siphon with spines.

FIGURE 3 in Pyura gangelion and Pyura beta sp. nov. (Ascidiacea: Pyuridae): an exotic and a new tunicate from the West Atlantic

FIGURE 3. Pyura beta sp. nov. from Panama. A. Detail of the oral tentacle (stained). B. Stained peritubercular region forming a deep V with the dorsal tubercle aperture (arrowhead). C. Right gonad showing endocarps on the top of lobes and one long endocarp attached to the body wall on its dorsal side (stained). D. stained pharynx. E. Detail of the stigmata and parastigmatic vessels (stained pharynx). F. Detail of the dorsal languets (stained pharynx). G. Smooth anus (black arrowhead) and lobed gonoducts (white arrowheads) of the left gonad (stained). H. Detail of the digestive gland, showing small portions on the esophagus (arrowheads) and main portion.

FIGURE 5 in Pyura gangelion and Pyura beta sp. nov. (Ascidiacea: Pyuridae): an exotic and a new tunicate from the West Atlantic

FIGURE 5. Pyura gangelion (Savigny, 1816) from Brazil. A. View of preserved animal with tunic. B. External view of oral siphon with spinules on lobes. C. Detail of spinules under magnification. D, E. Animal removed from tunic, left and right side. F. Dissected animal (pharynx removed) showing main internal structures: muscle fibers, gonads, intestine and digestive gland. G. Pharynx removed and stained. H. Detail of pharynx showing parastigmatic vessels and stigmata. I. Stained anterior region with dorsal tubercle aperture. J. Anus (upper right aperture) and gonoducts (lower left).

FIGURE 2 in Pyura gangelion and Pyura beta sp. nov. (Ascidiacea: Pyuridae): an exotic and a new tunicate from the West Atlantic

FIGURE 2. Pyura beta sp. nov. from Panama. A. Right side of animal with the tunic removed. B. Left side of the same animal with the tunic removed. C. A dissected animal showing the pharynx and red musculature (animal freshly preserved). D. Same animal as in C with pharynx removed, showing the muscular, digestive and reproductive systems. Scale bar = 1 cm.

FIGURE 1 in Pyura gangelion and Pyura beta sp. nov. (Ascidiacea: Pyuridae): an exotic and a new tunicate from the West Atlantic

FIGURE 1. Pyura beta sp. nov. from Panama. A, B. Animals in the field. C. Tubercles surrounding the siphons. D. Detail of the surface of the tunic in B showing the tessellated pattern. Scale bar = 1 cm.

FIGURE 4 in Pyura gangelion and Pyura beta sp. nov. (Ascidiacea: Pyuridae): an exotic and a new tunicate from the West Atlantic

FIGURE 4. Pyura beta sp. nov. from Brazil. A. Animal attached to substrate in the field. B, C View of animal with tunicright and left side. D, E. Animal removed from tunic showing its strong muscle bands—left and right side. F. dissected animal showing right gonad. G. Dissected and stained animal (pharynx removed) with evident muscular bands. H. Anterior region. I. Pharynx removed and stained.

Fig. 1 in Cytoplasmic UV-R Absorption in an Integumentary Matrix (tunic) of Photosymbiotic Ascidian Colonies

Fig. 1. Transmittance (%) of 250-800 nm light for the bandpass filters U340 (thick line) and CT330/20 (thin line) measured with a spectrophotometer Genesis 10S UV-Vis.

Fig. 5 in Cytoplasmic UV-R Absorption in an Integumentary Matrix (tunic) of Photosymbiotic Ascidian Colonies

Fig. 5. Tunic cells in the surface tunic of Diplosoma virens. A, Bladder tunic cells. B, Tunic net cells (= myocyte sensu Mackie and Singla, 1987). C-E, Other types of tunic cells with vacuoles containing electron-dense materials or clear vesicles. Scale bars: 5 µm in A, 2 µm in B-E.

Fig. 4. A in Cytoplasmic UV-R Absorption in an Integumentary Matrix (tunic) of Photosymbiotic Ascidian Colonies

Fig. 4. A, Histological cross-section of the Diplosoma virens colony showing surface tunic (su) and middle layer (md). B and C, UV images of the surface tunic of D. virens (band-pass filter: U340). D and E, a pair of UV images of the surface tunic of D. simile (band-pass filter: U340 for D, U340 + CT330/20 for E). Arrows indicate some cell-like objects absorbing UV-R. Arrowhead in C indicates Prochloron cells. bl, tunic bladder cell; bs, branchial sac; cc, cloacal cavity; st, stomach. Scale bars: 100 µm in A, 50 µm in B-E.

Fig. 3 in Cytoplasmic UV-R Absorption in an Integumentary Matrix (tunic) of Photosymbiotic Ascidian Colonies

Fig. 3. Pair images of cross-sections of Diplosoma virens (A, B) and D. simile (C, D) observed with an oblique epi-illumination of white- LED (A, C) and a transmission light filtered with U340 (B, D). The colonies have a three-layer structure: surface tunic (su), middle layer (md), and basal tunic (ba). Rectangles in A and B indicate an aggregate of pigmentary tunic cells. Green areas are cloacal cavities filled with Prochloron cells. em, embryo; fe, feces in rectum; os, oral siphon; st, stomach. Scale bars = 0.5 mm.

Fig. 2 in Cytoplasmic UV-R Absorption in an Integumentary Matrix (tunic) of Photosymbiotic Ascidian Colonies

Fig. 2. Absorption spectra of the surface tunic of Diplosoma virens (A) and D. simile (B). Spectra from four specimens are shown for each species. A prominent absorption peak is present at approximately 325 nm in each spectrum.