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394 results for “urban forest”

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dryad36/100

Data from: From forest to city: Urbanization modulates relative abundance of anti-predator coloration

Increased urbanization has resulted in community changes including alteration of predator communities. Little is known, however, about how such changes affect morphological anti-predator traits. Given the importance of coloration in predator avoidance, this trait in particular is expected to be susceptible to novel selective environments in urban areas. Here we investigate the coloration pattern of a Neotropical anuran species, the túngara frog (Engystomops pustulosus), along an urbanization gradient. Túngara frogs have two distinct color patterns (unstriped and striped) which we found to occur at different frequencies along an urbanization gradient. Striped individuals increased in frequency with urbanization. To assess the strength of selection imposed by predators on the two color morphs, we deployed clay models of túngara frogs in forest and semi-urban populations. In addition, we examined microhabitat selection by individuals of the different morphs. We found higher predation rates associated with urbanization than forested areas. In particular, frogs from forested habitats had lower number of attacks by avian predators. Contrary to our predictions, however, predation rates were similar for both color morphs independent of urbanization. Also, coloration of the frogs did not affect their microhabitat preference. Overall, túngara frogs are more likely to have a striped coloration pattern in semi-urban areas where predation by birds is higher than in the forest. Our findings suggest that factors other than predation pressure shape the coloration pattern of urban frogs and emphasize the complex nature of effects that anthropogenic changes in habitat and predator communities may have on prey morphology.

opencc-zeroSep 2019View details →

dryad36/100

Data from: Uniqueness of tree stand composition and soil microbial communities are related across urban spruce-dominated forests

The dataset contains data obtained from urban spruce-dominated forests in southern Finland where we have measured tree stand composition, forest management history, soil chemical properties, and soil microbial communities. Data files include (1) microbial OTU tables describing microbial community composition (sequence read counts of Operational Taxonomic Units) across the study plots, (2) taxonomic assignments and other metadata related to OTUs, and (3) measured and calculated variables describing the characteristics of sites and their microbial assemblages (site metadata).

opencc-zeroDec 2023View details →

dryad36/100

Urban wild meat consumption across southern forested Cameroon and the limited effect of COVID-19 on wild meat consumption patterns

Overexploitation of wildlife is pervasive in many tropical regions, and in addition to being a significant conservation and sustainability concern, it has received global attention given discussions over the origins of zoonotic disease outbreaks. Where unsustainable, consumption of wild meat by urban residents has been identified as a major socio-environmental challenge, given it is a significant driver of wildlife declines. Yet, information on urban wild meat consumers and possible ways to target conservation interventions remains lacking. Using one of the largest datasets of urban wild meat consumers (1,391) collected through structured questionnaires in 20 towns and cities, we model the demographic, psychographic, and spatial factors associated with wild meat consumption patterns in Cameroon. We find that nearly half of the sampled consumers ate wild meat once per week or more, and find that the probability of being a frequent consumer was greater among men, those living in smaller towns, and those who do not consider there to be a link between eating wild meat and disease. Threatened pangolin species are highly preferred among urban consumers, and most consumers do not consider there to be a link between COVID-19 and pangolins. Most respondents had eaten wild meat since the beginning of COVID-19 and had not reduced their wild meat consumption due to COVID-19. For the first time, we show that consumers with beliefs against a link between wild meat consumption and disease and those with greater income were less likely to have decreased their wild meat consumption. We identified stakeholders including teachers and religious/community leaders as potentially appropriate messengers for demand-reduction campaigns, with television and radio being the most trusted communication channels among wild meat consumers. Crucially, our study advances the current scientific understanding of the factors that influence wild meat consumption frequency and change due to COVID-19 by urban consumers (particularly health beliefs and settlement size). We discuss how our results could be used to inform the design of wild meat demand-reduction interventions to bring the consumption of wild meat towards sustainability in Cameroon, and how our approach is applied pan-tropically.

opencc-zeroMar 2024View details →

dryad36/100

Data from: Landscape context and substrate characteristics shape fungal communities of dead spruce in urban and semi-natural forests

Data from: Korhonen, A., Miettinen, O., Kotze, D.J., & Hamberg, L. (2022). Landscape context and substrate characteristics shape fungal communities of dead spruce in urban and semi-natural forests. Environmental Microbiology. DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15903 This dataset contains occurrence data of 475 fungal ITS2 sequence clusters (OTUs) across 360 sequenced samples originating from dead wood of Norway spruce (Picea abies). Wood samples were collected from 90 downed spruce trunks, at four points from each trunk. Trunks were at intermediate stages of decay and located in spruce-dominated stands in 24 urban forests (66 trunks) and in 8 rural semi-natural forests (24 trunks) in southern Finland. The data consists of an OTU table (sequence read counts in each sample) and sample metadata (locality information, trunk characteristics and environmental variables).

opencc-zeroFeb 2022View details →

zenodo36/100

Fig. 3 in The Relation Of Forest And Air Pollution With Human Health In Urban Territories Of Lithuania

Fig. 3. The correlation between the forest coverage and air pollution indicators.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2016View details →

zenodo36/100

Fig. 2 in The Relation Of Forest And Air Pollution With Human Health In Urban Territories Of Lithuania

Fig. 2. The correlation between the forest and human health indicators.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2016View details →

dryad36/100

Single versus repeated human trampling events: Responses of ground vegetation in sub-urban beech forests

Forests provide important ecosystem services and are often the only natural areas that are freely accessible to the public for outdoor recreation. Large numbers of forest visitors can cause severe damage to forest ecosystems, which in turn can affect the ecosystem functioning. We aimed to assess whether experimental short-term and long-term trampling affect the ground vegetation in deciduous forests and its recovery to a different extent. We used a standard experimental trampling procedure to simulate single and repeated human trampling events of different intensity. Experimental trampling of different intensity was conducted on a single day (single trampling) or on five days at intervals of four weeks (repeated trampling) in three suburban beech forests on different soil types. We recorded the cover, height, species density and species composition of the ground vegetation in the trampling lanes. We also assessed the recovery of the ground vegetation one and two years after trampling. Trampling intensity and the type of trampling (single vs. repeated) affected the ground vegetation in the three forests. Vegetation cover, plant height and species density all decreased with increasing trampling intensity, but to a different extent in the three forests. Most vegetation characteristics were more severely affected by repeated trampling than single trampling of equal intensity. A longer trampling period strengthened the effects of trampling on ground vegetation, except in one forest. Two years after experimental trampling, most vegetation characteristics still differed from those of undisturbed ground vegetation

opencc-zeroAug 2021View details →

zenodo36/100

The State of the Urban Forest in New York City - Supplemental Datasets

Summary: The files available here contain summary data for the urban forest of New York City, associated with the report, The State of the Urban Forest in New York City, developed by The Nature Conservancy and released in 2021. Methods and data used in development of these files are described in Appendix 1 of the report. and additional details and supplemental code are available at <a href="https://github.com/tnc-ny-science/NYC_StateOfUrbanForest_Docs">https://github.com/tnc-ny-science/NYC_StateOfUrbanForest_Docs</a>. If you do not find what you are looking for here, you may contact Michael Treglia at michael.treglia@tnc.org.   Terms of Use © The Nature Conservancy. This material is provided as-is, without warranty under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike License as set forth in our Conservation Gateway Terms of Use (available at: <a href="http://conservationgateway.org/Pages/Terms-of-Use.aspx">http://conservationgateway.org/Pages/Terms-of-Use.aspx</a>) If using these data, please cite the both the report and the data, based on the following recommended citations. Recommended citation for the report: Treglia, M.L., Acosta-Morel, M., Crabtree, D., Galbo, K., Lin-Moges, T., Van Slooten, A., Maxwell, E.N. 2021. The State of the Urban Forest in New York City. The Nature Conservancy. doi: 10.5281/zenodo.5532876 Recommended citation for the data is: Treglia, M.L., Acosta-Morel, M., Crabtree, D., Galbo, K., Lin-Moges, T., Van Slooten, A., Maxwell, E.N. 2021. The State of the Urban Forest in New York City - Supplemental Datasets. The Nature Conservancy. doi: 10.5281/zenodo.5210261   Contents canopy_jurisdiction_landuse_borough.zip - Zipped folder with comma separated values (.csv) file of land and canopy area summaries by approximated general ownership type, land use categories, and natural/developed breakdown, with Data Dictionary files in .docx and .html formats. canopy_streettree_summaries.zip - Zipped folder containing GeoPackage, Esri File Geodatabase, and comma separated values (.csv) files with canopy and street tree summary data at the scales of Neighborhood Tabulation Area, Community District, City Council District, and Borough, with Data Dictionary files in .docx and .html formats. equity_data.zip - Zipped folder containing GeoPackage, Esri File Geodatabase, and comma separated values (.csv) files with data used for equity analyses at the scale of Neighborhood Tabulation Area, with Data Dictionary files in .docx and .html formats. naturalareas_canopy_jurisdiction_borough.zip - Zipped folder with comma separated values (.csv) file of summaries of natural area canopy data by approximated general ownership type and by borough, with Data Dictionary files in .docx and .html formats.   *Note for the contents of equity_data.zip: For data in this .zip folder, the column named "relativecanopychange_percent" represents relative canopy change from 2010 to 2017 as proportions, not percentages. To convert these numbers to percentages, values can be multiplied by 100. The data are accurately depicted in the report, and column names are otherwise accurate in this repository.

opencc-by-nc-sa-3.0Oct 2021View details →

dryad36/100

Datasets and analysis for: Microclimatic buffering in forest, agricultural and urban landscapes through the lens of a grass-feeding insect

Using this dataset, we aimed to identify the microclimatic offsets that accurately represent the environment in which a small arthropod spends most of its life. As a case study, we selected grassy sites that corresponded to the microhabitat of grass-feeding insects in general, and larvae of the butterfly Pararge aegeria in particular, as this insect recently expanded its habitat use from forest (edges) to agricultural and urban environments. We tested to what extent local microclimates and microclimatic buffering capacity differed between tufts of grass in forest and in two anthropogenic (i.e. agricultural and urban) landscape settings by measuring microclimatic variables with sensors at the level of the grasses. We compared temperature, relative humidity and vapour pressure deficit (VPD) during an exceptionally warm and dry summer period with parallel data from weather stations and tested for differences between microclimatic profiles among the three landscape settings. Using this approach, our findings stress the functional implications of landscape-specific microclimatic profiles at the appropriate organism-centred scale.

opencc-zeroMay 2023View details →

dryad36/100