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415 results for “visibility”
Text-fig. 3. Tumidopteris astra sp. nov., holotype GIN 4851/343h, morphology of sori. a: part of fertile pinnule; b: one practically complete sorus located on the terminal part of a lateral vein; c: sorus with four visible sporangia; d: partly damaged sorus with three visible sporangia; e: two neighbouring sori. Locality: the borehole IK-675, depth 961.7 m. Scale 1 mm (a, b, e), 500 Μm (c), 100 Μm (d). in A New Species Of The Genus Tumidopteris Naugolnykh From The Permian Of The Pechora Cis-Urals, Russia
Text-fig. 3. Tumidopteris astra sp. nov., holotype GIN 4851/343h, morphology of sori. a: part of fertile pinnule; b: one practically complete sorus located on the terminal part of a lateral vein; c: sorus with four visible sporangia; d: partly damaged sorus with three visible sporangia; e: two neighbouring sori. Locality: the borehole IK-675, depth 961.7 m. Scale 1 mm (a, b, e), 500 Μm (c), 100 Μm (d).
Text-fig. 33. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of tectate-punctate pollen from probable coprolite (not shown); Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a–c) Monocolpate pollen grains in distal view (a, b) showing poorly defined aperture and punctate surface of the tectum (c) of the grain in (b); d) Pollen grain showing slightly rugulate surface of tectum; aperture not visible. Specimens, TV44-S137906-06 (a–c), TV44-S137906-08 (d). Scale bars 6 Μm (a, b, d), 3 Μm (c). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Torres Vedras (Ne Of Forte Da Forca), Portugal: A Palaeofloristic Analysis Of An Early Angiosperm Community
Text-fig. 33. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of tectate-punctate pollen from probable coprolite (not shown); Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a–c) Monocolpate pollen grains in distal view (a, b) showing poorly defined aperture and punctate surface of the tectum (c) of the grain in (b); d) Pollen grain showing slightly rugulate surface of tectum; aperture not visible. Specimens, TV44-S137906-06 (a–c), TV44-S137906-08 (d). Scale bars 6 Μm (a, b, d), 3 Μm (c).
Text-fig. 5. Photo of a small segment of an instructive profile in the Under the Ladder test pit and the Fox Passage test pit. Visible in the figure are mainly the bones of bears from the cave bear group. Photo by M. Polách. in The Mammalian Fauna Of Barová Cave (Moravian Karst, The Czech Republic)
Text-fig. 5. Photo of a small segment of an instructive profile in the Under the Ladder test pit and the Fox Passage test pit. Visible in the figure are mainly the bones of bears from the cave bear group. Photo by M. Polách.
Text-fig. 15. Oblique cut marks on the mid-shaft of tibia 98-596-B (1) Př15/5 83, root traces visible on the shaft, for the metrics of this bone see Table 12. in Consumption Of Canid Meat At The Gravettian Předmostí Site, The Czech Republic
Text-fig. 15. Oblique cut marks on the mid-shaft of tibia 98-596-B (1) Př15/5 83, root traces visible on the shaft, for the metrics of this bone see Table 12.
Text-fig. 8. Disarticulation marks on tibia 98-589-B-Předmostí 1928, transversal cut marks on the tibial tuberosity and on the tibial crest are visible, for the metrics of this bone see Table 12. in Consumption Of Canid Meat At The Gravettian Předmostí Site, The Czech Republic
Text-fig. 8. Disarticulation marks on tibia 98-589-B-Předmostí 1928, transversal cut marks on the tibial tuberosity and on the tibial crest are visible, for the metrics of this bone see Table 12.
Text-fig. 11. Longitudinal defleshing marks on ochre-stained tibia 98-601a-F to extract the meat of m. fibularis longus and part of m. flexor digitorum, fossilised rootlets visible on the shaft. in Consumption Of Canid Meat At The Gravettian Předmostí Site, The Czech Republic
Text-fig. 11. Longitudinal defleshing marks on ochre-stained tibia 98-601a-F to extract the meat of m. fibularis longus and part of m. flexor digitorum, fossilised rootlets visible on the shaft.
Text-fig. 12. "Repetitive" marks on humerus P12404 Předmostí 1928, root traces visible on the shaft, for the metrics of this bone see Table 12. in Consumption Of Canid Meat At The Gravettian Předmostí Site, The Czech Republic
Text-fig. 12. "Repetitive" marks on humerus P12404 Předmostí 1928, root traces visible on the shaft, for the metrics of this bone see Table 12.
LiDAR reveals a preference for intermediate visibility by a forest-dwelling ungulate species: Code and LiDAR data
<ol> <li>Visibility (viewshed) plays a significant and diverse role in animals' behavior and fitness. Understanding how visibility influences animal behavior requires the measurement of habitat visibility at spatial scales commensurate to individual animal choices. However, measuring habitat visibility at a fine spatial scale over a landscape is a challenge, particularly in highly heterogeneous landscapes (e.g., forests). As a result, our ability to model the influence of fine-scale visibility on animal behavior has been impeded or limited.</li> <li>In this study, we demonstrate the application of the concept of 3D cumulative viewshed in the study of animal spatial behavior at a landscape level. Specifically, we employed a newly described approach that combines terrestrial and airborne LiDAR to measure fine-scale habitat visibility (3D cumulative viewshed) on a continuous scale in forested landscapes. We applied the LiDAR-derived visibility to investigate how visibility in forests affects the summer habitat selection and the movement of 20 GPS-collared female red deer <em>Cervus</em> <em>elaphus</em> in a temperate forest in Germany. We used integrated step selection analysis to determine whether red deer show any preference for fine-scale habitat visibility and whether visibility is related to the rate of movement of red deer.</li> <li>We found that red deer selected intermediate habitat visibility. Their preferred level of visibility during the day was substantially lower than that of night and twilight, whereas the preference was not significantly different between night and twilight. In addition, red deer moved faster in high-visibility areas, possibly mainly to avoid predation and anthropogenic risk. Furthermore, red deer moved most rapidly between locations in the twilight.</li> <li>For the first time, the preference for intermediate habitat visibility and the adaption of movement rate to fine-scale visibility by a forest-dwelling ungulate species at a landscape scale was revealed. The LiDAR technique used in this study offers fine-scale habitat visibility at the landscape level in forest ecosystems, which would be of broader interest in the fields of animal ecology and behavior.</li> </ol>
LiDAR reveals a preference for intermediate visibility by a forest-dwelling ungulate species: Deer locational data
<ol> <li>Visibility (viewshed) plays a significant and diverse role in animals' behavior and fitness. Understanding how visibility influences animal behavior requires the measurement of habitat visibility at spatial scales commensurate to individual animal choices. However, measuring habitat visibility at a fine spatial scale over a landscape is a challenge, particularly in highly heterogeneous landscapes (e.g., forests). As a result, our ability to model the influence of fine-scale visibility on animal behavior has been impeded or limited.</li> <li>In this study, we demonstrate the application of the concept of 3D cumulative viewshed in the study of animal spatial behavior at a landscape level. Specifically, we employed a newly described approach that combines terrestrial and airborne LiDAR to measure fine-scale habitat visibility (3D cumulative viewshed) on a continuous scale in forested landscapes. We applied the LiDAR-derived visibility to investigate how visibility in forests affects the summer habitat selection and the movement of 20 GPS-collared female red deer <em>Cervus</em> <em>elaphus</em> in a temperate forest in Germany. We used integrated step selection analysis to determine whether red deer show any preference for fine-scale habitat visibility and whether visibility is related to the rate of movement of red deer.</li> <li>We found that red deer selected intermediate habitat visibility. Their preferred level of visibility during the day was substantially lower than that of night and twilight, whereas the preference was not significantly different between night and twilight. In addition, red deer moved faster in high-visibility areas, possibly mainly to avoid predation and anthropogenic risk. Furthermore, red deer moved most rapidly between locations in the twilight.</li> <li>For the first time, the preference for intermediate habitat visibility and the adaption of movement rate to fine-scale visibility by a forest-dwelling ungulate species at a landscape scale was revealed. The LiDAR technique used in this study offers fine-scale habitat visibility at the landscape level in forest ecosystems, which would be of broader interest in the fields of animal ecology and behavior.</li> </ol>
Benzaldehyde-Promoted (Auto)Photocatalysis under Visible Light: Pitfalls and Opportunities in Photocatalytic H2O2 Production
<p>Data to our study "Benzaldehyde-Promoted (Auto)Photocatalysis under Visible Light: Pitfalls and Opportunities in Photocatalytic H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> Production"</p>
Data for: Tailored frequency conversion makes infrared light visible for streak cameras
<p>Data for the publication "Tailored frequency conversion makes infrared light visible for streak cameras".</p> <p>Streak cameras are one of the most common and convenient devices to measure pulsed emission e.g. from semiconductor lightsources with picosecond time resolution. However, they are most sensitive in the visible range and possess low or negligible efficiency in the infrared and telecom regime. In this work, we present a frequency conversion based on sum-frequency generation that converts infrared to visible signals while preserving their temporal properties, making them detectable with a streak camera. We demonstrate and verify the functionality of our device by converting the emission from a quantum dot laser.</p> <p>Funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) – SFB-Geschäftszeichen TRR142/3-2022 – Projektnummer 231447078, Project C01.</p>
Text-fig. 2. Light micrographs of Pinus spp. cuticles prepared with the modified, gentle bleaching procedure. a: Cuticle 1, Pinus sp. 1. Nearly the entire width of the leaf has been preserved. Five parallel rows of stomata are visible. b: Cuticle 1, close-up of (a). Two guard cells are visible around each stoma. c: Cuticle 1, close-up of eight stomata. Two guard cells and eight subsidiary cells are visible around each stoma. d: Cuticle 2, Pinus sp. 2. Some folding of the cuticle occurred during preparation, but many parallel rows of stomata on both sides of a thin, central midvein are evident. e: Cuticle 2, close-up of (d). Pairs of guard cells surround each stoma. f: Cuticle 2, close-up of (e). Subsidiary and epithelial cells can be observed around the stomata. in A Modified, Step-By-Step Procedure For The Gentle Bleaching Of Delicate Fossil Leaf Cuticles
Text-fig. 2. Light micrographs of Pinus spp. cuticles prepared with the modified, gentle bleaching procedure. a: Cuticle 1, Pinus sp. 1. Nearly the entire width of the leaf has been preserved. Five parallel rows of stomata are visible. b: Cuticle 1, close-up of (a). Two guard cells are visible around each stoma. c: Cuticle 1, close-up of eight stomata. Two guard cells and eight subsidiary cells are visible around each stoma. d: Cuticle 2, Pinus sp. 2. Some folding of the cuticle occurred during preparation, but many parallel rows of stomata on both sides of a thin, central midvein are evident. e: Cuticle 2, close-up of (d). Pairs of guard cells surround each stoma. f: Cuticle 2, close-up of (e). Subsidiary and epithelial cells can be observed around the stomata.
Designed Rubredoxin miniature in a fully artificial electron chain triggered by visible light
<p>This dataset contains Raw and Processed Data, and Computational Protein Design files related to the publication "Designed Rubredoxin miniature in a fully artificial electron chain triggered by visible light".<br> For further details, please refer to the preprint that is available at the following link <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1473985/v1">https://dx.doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1473985/v1</a><br> Peer-reviewed manuscript will be published soon in Nature Communications.</p>
Potential impact of assimilating visible and infrared satellite observations compared to radar reflectivity for convective‐scale NWP
<p>Contains</p> <ul> <li>raw_data <ul> <li>nature run initial conditions for the cases "random" and "warm-bubble"</li> <li>ensemble initial condition sounding profiles</li> </ul> </li> <li>evaluation_metrics <ul> <li>csv files of FSS, RMSE, MAE, ensemble spread, mean difference<br> to reproduce figures of FSS, RMSE and spread in the paper and more.<br> See the README.txt</li> </ul> </li> <li>figures <ul> <li>Map_VIS06 ... Simulated satellite images of visible reflectance for ensemble members and truth</li> <li>Map_VIS06_probability ... Map of ensemble probability for visible reflectance > 0.6 and the nature in red contours</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p> </p>
Designed Rubredoxin miniature in a fully artificial electron chain triggered by visible light
<ul> <li><strong>Data type</strong>: Experimental spectroscopic measurements, computer plots.</li> <li>Files are with filename extensions: .<strong>DSC</strong>, .<strong>DAT</strong>, .<strong>txt</strong>, .<strong>m</strong></li> <li>Information on <strong>origin of the data</strong>:</li> </ul> <ul> <li>EPR spectroscopic measurements with filename extensions: .<strong>DSC</strong>, .<strong>DTA</strong>, .<strong>txt</strong>.</li> <li>EPR spectroscopic plots with filename extension: .<strong>m</strong>.</li> </ul> <ul> <li>CW-EPR X-band were performed on a Bruker Elexys E580 X-band spectrometer (microwave frequency 9.76 GHz) equipped with a cylindrical dielectric cavity and a helium gas-flow cryostat from Oxford Inc. The spectrum was recorded at 4.5 K and a microwave power of 1mW, a modulation amplitude of 0.7mT and a modulation frequency of 100 KHz were used.</li> <li>Raw and Processed Data, and Computational Protein Design files</li> </ul> <ul> <li><strong>If the dataset includes multiple files that relate to each other:</strong> <ul> <li>Files in <strong>PARACAT_WP5_20230425_CW</strong> folder includes X-band CW-EPR spectroscopic measurements, original data are in .<strong>DTA</strong>/.<strong>DSC</strong>/.<strong>txt</strong>.</li> <li>Files in <strong>PARACAT_WP5_20230425_MATLAB</strong> folder includes plots of the EPR measurements, data are in .<strong>m</strong> format.</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p> </p> <ul> <li><strong>Information on</strong>: <ul> <li>Specialized abbreviations: <strong>EPR</strong> – Electron Paramagnetic Resonance; <strong>CW</strong> – Continuous Wave-EPR; <strong>METP</strong> - Miniaturized Electron Transfer Protein; METP<strong>sc</strong>1 - single-chain high-potential miniaturized electron transfer protein.</li> <li>Definitions of variables: <strong>Magnetic field, Temperature</strong>.</li> <li>Units of measurement: <strong>Gauss (G), milliTesla (mT), Kelvin (K)</strong></li> </ul> </li> </ul>
From Noise to Signal: Multi-layer Speckle Correlation with Applications in Visible Light Communication
<p>Dataset for journal article "Enhanced Secrecy in Optical Communication using Speckle from Multiple Scattering Layers"</p> <p>The basic publication is:<br> Alfredo Rates, Joris Vrehen, Bert Mulder, Wilbert L. IJzerman, and Willem L. Vos, "Enhanced Secrecy in Optical Communication using Speckle from Multiple Scattering Layers", Opt. Express <strong>31</strong>, 23897-23909 (2023).<br> <br> We have uploaded to the Zenodo database all data enabling everyone to reuse our data, and to reproduce all the figures of our paper.</p> <p>The upload contains the file "Metadata.txt" explaining the content of the upload.</p>
Multi-Omics Visible Drug Activity Prediction with a Biologically Informed Neural Network Model
<p>Drug discovery is a challenging task, it takes several years for a drug to be introduced on the market, with most of<br> the studied drugs not even passing the first phase. The understanding of the mechanisms influencing response to drugs<br> can reduce failures and accelerate drug development. Virtual drug screening, based on Machine Learning models, is a<br> promising field for the prediction of the outcome of a treatment. However, the complex relationships between the features<br> learned by these models are still poorly understood and not easy to interpret.<br> We have designed a Neural Network model for drug sensitivity prediction that leverages a Visible Neural Network, an<br> easily interpretable model, due to its biologically informed nature. The trained model can be inspected to study which<br> biological processes were fundamental for the prediction and to identify the drug properties that affect sensitivity. It<br> combines multi-omics data from various types of tumor tissues and drug representations based on molecular descriptors.<br> The mechanisms learned from the network can also be exploited to find candidate drugs for synergy to predict the effect<br> of combined therapies. We consider the unbalanced nature of public drug screening datasets and show that our model<br> outperforms state-of-the-art visible machine learning models.</p>
Broadband Laser-Induced Luminescence Generated in the Visible and Near-Infrared Ranges from Nontransparent CsPbCl3:Yb3+ Perovskite Ceramics
<p>ABSTRACT</p> <p>All inorganic perovskites with the general formula ABX<sub>3</sub> (A = alkaline cation, B = lead ions, and X = halide anion) in the form of colloids have become very popular in recent years due to their extraordinary spectroscopic properties, which can be additionally modulated by changing their structural composition. Here, we report for the first time a novel study considering nontransparent CsPbCl<sub>3</sub>:10%Yb<sup>3+</sup> ceramics that exhibit broadband laser-induced emission (LIE) with warm color (CRI = 96) upon exposure to a high-power-density infrared beam. It was found that the analyzed phenomenon strongly depends on the excitation power density and the pressure around the sample. Moreover, threshold behavior was observed, characterized by a significant increase in luminescence intensity already from the excitation of 0.2 W. The investigated material exhibits extremely strong photoconductivity. During the spectroscopic measurements of LIE, it was found that the current value varies by more than 4 orders of magnitude. Because of the relatively low sample temperature during the experiment, a LIE generation mechanism based on the creation of ytterbium mixed valence ion pairs and intervalence charge transfer (IVCT) transitions was proposed.</p>
Habitat geometry rather than visual acuity limits the visibility of a ground-nesting bird's clutch to terrestrial predators
<p><span>The nests of ground-nesting birds rely heavily on camouflage for their survival, and predation risk, often linked to ecological changes from human activity, is a major source of mortality. </span>Numerous ground-nesting bird populations are in decline, so understanding the effects of camouflage on their nesting behaviour is of relevance to their conservation concern. Habitat three-dimensional (3D) geometry together with predator visual abilities, viewing distance, and viewing angle determine whether a nest is either visible, occluded or too far away to detect. While this link is intuitive, few studies have investigated how fine-scale geometry is likely to help defend nests from different predator guilds. We quantified nest visibility based on 3D occlusion, camouflage, and predator visual modelling in northern lapwing, <em>Vanellus vanellus</em>, on different land management regimes. <span>Lapwings selected local backgrounds that had a higher 3D complexity at a spatial scale greater than their entire clutches compared to local control sites. Importantly, our findings show that habitat geometry – rather than predator visual acuity – restricts nest visibility to terrestrial predators, and that their field habitats perceived by humans as open are functionally closed with respect to a terrestrial predator searching for nests on the ground. </span>Taken together with lapwings' careful nest site selection, our findings highlight the importance of considering habitat geometry for understanding the evolutionary ecology and management of conservation sites for ground-nesting birds.</p>
Image for the dataset in "Extraction of stratigraphic exposures on visible images using a supervised machine learning technique"
<p>This is the original and hand-masked image for the dataset used in a research paper "Extraction of stratigraphic exposures on visible images using a supervised machine learning technique".</p> <p>The content is</p> <ul> <li>Original images with hand-masked images (original_images_NOGUCHIandShoji.zip) <ul> <li>training/* : original images used for the training dataset generation (60 files)</li> <li>training_masks/* : hand-masked images for the training dataset generation (60 files)</li> <li>validation/* : original images used for the training dataset generation (10 files)</li> <li>validation_masks/* : hand-masked images for the validation dataset generation (10 files)</li> <li>test/* : original images used as the test data (5 files)</li> <li>test_masks/* : hand-masked images used as the test data (5 files).</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p>Note that original images include images obtained using <em>google-image-download</em>, a Python script published on GitHub (<a href="https://github.com/Joeclinton1/google-images-download/tree/patch-1">https://github.com/Joeclinton1/google-images-download/tree/patch-1</a>, Copyright © 2015-2019 Hardik Vasa). The whole images we obtained by <em>google-image-download</em> were labeled as noncommercial reuse with modification.</p> <p>For more details, please refer to a research paper "Extraction of stratigraphic exposures on visible images using a supervised machine learning technique".</p> <p>Correspondence: Rina Noguchi (r-noguchi@env.sc.niigata-u.ac.jp)</p>
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.