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174 results for “volatile compounds”
Quantification of volatile organic compound emissions from unconventional oil and gas development
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Unwanted loss of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) during in situ chemical oxidation sample preservation: Mechanisms and solutions
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Data from: Volatile organic compounds of diverse origins and their changes associated with cultivar decay in a fungus-farming termite
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Data from: Allelopathic effects of volatile organic compounds released from Pinus halepensis needles and roots
The Mediterranean region is recognized as a global biodiversity hotspot. However, over the last decades, the cessation of traditional farming in the north part of Mediterranean basin has given way to strong afforestation leading to occurrence of abandoned agricultural lands colonized by pioneer expansionist species like Pinus halepensis. This pine species is known to synthesize a wide range of secondary metabolites and previous studies have demonstrated strong allelopathic potentialities of its needle and root leachates. Pinus halepensis is also recognized to release significant amounts of volatile organic compounds (VOC) with potential allelopathic effects that has never been investigated. In this context, the objectives of the present study were to improve our knowledge about the VOC released from P. halepensis needles and roots, determine if these VOC affect the seed germination and root growth of two herbaceous target species (Lactuca sativa and Linum strictum), and evaluate if soil microorganisms modulate the potential allelopathic effects of these VOC. Thirty terpenes were detected from both needle and root emissions with β-caryophyllene as the major volatile. Numerous terpenes, such as β-caryophyllene, -terpinene or -pinene showed higher headspace concentrations according to the gradient green needles < senescent needles < needle litter. Seed germination and root growth of the two target species were mainly reduced in presence of P. halepensis VOC. In strong contrast with the trend reported with needle leachates in literature, we observed an increasing inhibitory effect of P. halepensis VOC with the progress of needle physiological stages (i.e. green needle < senescent needle < needle litter). Surprisingly, several inhibitory effects observed on filter paper were also found or even amplified when natural soil was used as a substrate, highlighting that soil microorganisms do not necessarily limit the negative effects of VOC released by P. halepensis on herbaceous target species.
Proton-transfer-reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometry (PTR-TOF-MS) as a tool for studying animal volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions
<p>1. Chemical sensing in vertebrates is crucial in their lives, and efforts are undertaken towards deciphering their chemical language. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is a group of chemicals believed to play an essential role in a wide variety of animal interactions. Therefore, understanding what animals sense themselves and untangling the ecological role of their volatile cues can be accomplished by analysing VOC emissions. A Proton-Transfer Reaction Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometer (PTR-TOF-MS) is an instrument that measures VOCs in real-time in an air sample. Since this technique acts as a hyper-sensitive 'nose' it has a similar potential in deciphering the chemical language of vertebrates.</p> <p>2. Here, we validate the use of PTR-TOF-MS as a tool to measure VOCs from vertebrates, which in turn will help resolve vertebrate interactions through VOCs. The instrument monitors and records the full spectrum of VOCs emitted by an individual with a high accuracy and low detection limit, including transient VOC emissions. We propose and test diverse measuring configurations that allow for measurement of VOC emissions from different vertebrates and their exudates: full body, specific parts of the body, urine and femoral pores. In addition, we test configurations for sudden and short-lasting processes as VOCs emitted during adder skin shedding as well as the emissions of skin secretions upon mechanical and physiological stimulation in amphibia. Our configurations work in tandem with Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) to allow compound structure verification.</p> <p>3. We discuss the configurations and methodologies used and conclude with recommendations for further studies, such as the choice of chamber size and flow. We also report the results of the measurements on vertebrates —that are novel to science— and discuss their ecological meaning.</p> <p>4. We argue that PTR-TOF-MS has a high potential to resolve important unanswered questions in vertebrate chemical ecology with great adaptability to a wide range of experimental setups. If combined with a structure verification tool, such as GC-MS, the creative deployment of PTR-TOF-MS in various future study designs will lead to the identification of ecologically relevant VOCs.</p>
Data from: An optimized protocol for large-scale in situ sampling and analysis of volatile organic compounds
Chemical ecology is an ever‐expanding field with a growing interest in population‐ and community‐level studies. Many such studies are hindered due to lack of an efficient and accelerated protocol for large‐scale sampling and analysis of chemical compounds. Here, we present an optimized protocol for such large‐scale study of volatiles. A large‐scale in situ study to understand role of semiochemicals in variation in mating success of lekking blackbuck was conducted. Suitable methods for sampling and statistical analysis were identified by testing and comparing the efficiencies of available techniques to reduce analysis time while retaining sensitivity and comprehensiveness. Solid‐phase extraction using polydimethylsiloxane, analysis using a semiautomated detection of retention time and base peak, and statistical analysis using random forest algorithm were identified as the most efficient methods for large‐scale in situ sampling and analysis of volatiles. The protocol for large‐scale volatile analysis can facilitate evolutionary and metaecological studies of volatiles in situ from all types of biological samples. The protocol has potential for wider application with the analysis and interpretation methods being suitable for all kinds of semiochemicals, including nonvolatile chemicals.
Bacterial community richness shifts the balance between volatile organic compound-mediated microbe-pathogen and microbe-plant interactions
Even though bacteria are important in determining plant growth and health via volatile organic compounds (VOCs), it is unclear how these beneficial effects emerge in multi-species microbiomes. Here we studied this using a model plant-bacteria system, where we manipulated bacterial community richness and composition and determined the subsequent effects on VOC production and VOC-mediated pathogen suppression and plant growth-promotion. We assembled VOC-producing bacterial communities in different richness levels ranging from one to twelve strains using three soil-dwelling bacterial genera (Bacillus, Paenibacillus and Pseudomonas) and investigated how the composition and richness of bacterial community affect the production and functioning of VOCs. We found that VOC production correlated positively with pathogen suppression and plant growth-promotion and that all bacteria produced a diverse set of VOCs. However, while pathogen suppression was maximized at intermediate community richness levels when the relative amount and the number of VOCs were the highest, plant growth-promotion was maximized at low richness levels and was only affected by the relative amount of plant growth-promoting VOCs. The contrasting effects of richness could be explained by differences in the amount and number of produced VOCs and by opposing effects of community productivity and evenness on pathogen suppression and plant-growth promotion along the richness gradient. Together, these results suggest that the number of interacting bacterial species and the structure of the rhizosphere microbiome drive the balance between VOC-mediated microbe-pathogen and microbe-plant interactions potentially affecting plant disease outcomes in natural and agricultural ecosystems.
Fig. 2 in Variation in the amino acids, volatile organic compounds and terpenes profiles in induced polyploids and in Solanum tuberosum varieties
Fig. 2. Biplot of Principal Component Analysis based on VOCs and Amino acids from leaves of Solanum allotetraploids (a), autotetraploids (b) and cultivated varieties (c). Components were calculated using Euclidean distances. Amino acids are depicted in the three-letter code. a) Allotetraploids (4xAL2 and 4xAL4) and diploid S. tuberosum x S. kurtzianum parental interspecific hybrid (2xPIH). b) Autotetraploids (4xAuL1, 4xAuL2 and 4xAuL3) and diploid S. kurtzianum parental line (2xPL). c) S. tuberosum cultivated varieties (4xCalen, 4xInnovator and 4xPampeana).
Fig. 3 in Variation in the amino acids, volatile organic compounds and terpenes profiles in induced polyploids and in Solanum tuberosum varieties
Fig. 3. Hierarchical cluster analysis (represented by a heat-map) of amino acids content in leaves of potato allo- and autotetraploids and cultivated varieties. Dendrograms were constructed by UPGMA clustering method for 18 amino acids and 10 lines: diploid S. kurtzianum parental line (2xPL), diploid S. tuberosum x S. kurtzianum parental interspecific hybrid (2xPIH), three autotetraploids (4xAuL1, 4xAuL2 and 4xAuL3), two allotetraploids (4xAL2 and 4xAL4) and three cultivated varieties (4xCalen, 4xInnovator and 4xPampeana).
Fig. 1 in Variation in the amino acids, volatile organic compounds and terpenes profiles in induced polyploids and in Solanum tuberosum varieties
Fig. 1. Fold change of compounds content in allotetraploids (a) and autotetraploids (b) relative to their respective diploid parental line. Fold change is expressed as log10(Tetraploid/Diploid). Horizontal lines are the average of the absolute logFC for each evaluated line, letters denote differences by Duncan's multiple range test (P <0.05).
Model data for "A model study on investigating the sensitivity of aerosol forcing on the volatilities of semi-volatile organic compounds" by Irfan et al
<p><span>Abstract: </span>This dataset contains simulation results from global aerosol-climate model ECHAM-SALSA. These simulations were performed to study the sensitivity of simulated SOA mass, CCN and radiative forcings to the assumed volatility distributions of biogenic SOA precursor species. The study employed volatility basis set (VBS) approach to represent and simulate SOA in the atmosphere. The study involved a comparative analysis between finely resolved 9-bin VBS setup with a simplified 3-bin VBS setup. It also included how the SOA mass, CCN and radiative forcing are sensitive to the volatitility of individual VBS bins.</p> <p><span>Methods: </span>Global scale aerosol-climate model simulations were performed using ECHAM-SALSA. We performed three diferent simulations each using 9-bin and 3-bin VBS setups with the volatilities increased (VBSx10) and decreased (VBSx0.1) by one-order of magnitude with respect to the original volatility (VBSx1). Another set of six different simuations were performed by increasing and decreasing the volatilities of one VBS bin at a time while keeping the original volatilities of other bins.</p> <p><span>TechnicalInfo: </span>In this study, all the ECHAM-SALSA simulations used T63 spectral truncation and 47 hybrid sigma pressure levels in horizontal and vertical resolution respectively. Simulations were performed for the year 2010 with half a year spin-up. The data was simulated with 3-hourly output for the simulation period. We then calculated monthly means of the summer months from 3-hourly data for all the model values except CDNC. We used the the 3-hourly data to analyse CDNC from grids with cloud fraction ≥ 0.95. A detailed description of model simulations is given in the setup file of each simulation.</p> <p><span>TechnicalInfo: </span>The external URL leads to a bucket containing setup files, the complete dataset (post-processed NETCDF files) presented in the manuscript, and the python scripts used for data analysis for each of the simulations.</p>
Comparison of Volatile Flavor Compounds in Plant-based and Real Pork Mince by Headspace-Gas Chromatography-Ion Mo-bility Spectrometry (HS-GC-IMS)
<p>Table S1: The peak intensity of VFCs that identified in six raw pork minces by GC-IMS;</p> <p>Table S2: The peak intensity of VFCs that identified in six steamed pork minces by GC-IMS;</p> <p>Table S3: The peak intensity of VFCs that identified in six stir-fried pork minces by GC-IMS.</p>
Orbitrap analysed non-volatile compound data from blue swimmer crab (Portunus armatus) flesh for manuscript: "Climate-driven changes to taste and aroma determining metabolites in an economically valuable portunid (Portunus armatus) have implications for future harvesting"
<p>Accurate mass measurements of non-volatile metabolites conducted on a Q-Exactive Orbitrap LC-MS (Thermo Scientific, Scoresby, VIC, Australia) equipped with a heated electrospray ionization (H-ESI) source. Source conditions were as follows: spray voltage (positive ion 3.9 kV), sheath gas 60 (arbitrary units), auxiliary gas 10 (arbitrary units) and sweep gas 1 (arbitrary units), capillary temperature of 350 °C and auxiliary gas heating temperature of 400 °C.</p>
Data used in "Marine heatwaves make more contribution to changing air–water exchange of semi-volatile organic compounds than mean sea surface temperature raising"
<p>Data used in "Marine heatwaves make more contribution to changing air–water exchange of semi-volatile organic compounds than mean sea surface temperature raising"</p>
Plant responses to ramet density and herbivory under natural field conditions: Impacts on volatile organic compound emissions and seed production
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Ambient Volatile Organic Compounds from Masia Mariona site at the Montseny Natural Park, Barcelona, Spain
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The olfactory chemosensory responses of male Oriental fruit fly with drops of volatile organic compounds.
<p>The olfactory chemosensory responses of male Oriental fruit fly with a drop of the following VOCs; ethanol (at 0.30 min), methyl eugenol (at 1.39 min), ethanol (at 3.05 min), white holy basil oil (at 4.10 min), ethanol (at 5.20 min), methyl eugenol (at 6.30 min), ethanol (at 7.36 min), and white holy basil oil (at 8.36 min).</p>
Measurement report: Springtime reactive Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) and impacts on ozone in urban areas of Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, China: a PTR-TOF-MS study
<p>Time-varying sequence and day-to-day concentration after treatment. It includes 18 observed major VOCs [acetaldehyde, 2-acrolein, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), methyl vinyl ketone (MVK), methacrolein (MACR), methyl isobutyl ketone (MIK), 2-pentanone, ethyl acetate, isoprene, α-pinene, benzene, toluene, styrene, C8 aromatic hydrocarbons, C9 aromatic hydrocarbons, 1,3-dichlorobenzene, naphthalene, and acetonitrile].</p>
Fig. 3 in Variation in the amino acids, volatile organic compounds and terpenes profiles in induced polyploids and in Solanum tuberosum varieties
Fig. 3. Hierarchical cluster analysis (represented by a heat-map) of amino acids content in leaves of potato allo- and autotetraploids and cultivated varieties. Dendrograms were constructed by UPGMA clustering method for 18 amino acids and 10 lines: diploid S. kurtzianum parental line (2xPL), diploid S. tuberosum x S. kurtzianum parental interspecific hybrid (2xPIH), three autotetraploids (4xAuL1, 4xAuL2 and 4xAuL3), two allotetraploids (4xAL2 and 4xAL4) and three cultivated varieties (4xCalen, 4xInnovator and 4xPampeana).
Fig. 1 in Variation in the amino acids, volatile organic compounds and terpenes profiles in induced polyploids and in Solanum tuberosum varieties
Fig. 1. Fold change of compounds content in allotetraploids (a) and autotetraploids (b) relative to their respective diploid parental line. Fold change is expressed as log10(Tetraploid/Diploid). Horizontal lines are the average of the absolute logFC for each evaluated line, letters denote differences by Duncan's multiple range test (P <0.05).
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.