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216 results for “water column”
Particulate phosphorus concentrations in discrete water column samples collected from lakes in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica (2006-2019)
An key component of the McMurdo Dry Valleys Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) project involves the long-term monitoring of nutrient cycles. This data package contributes to this core area of research by quantifying particulate phosphorus concentrations found at specific depths in several perennially ice-covered lakes in the McMurdo Dry Valleys region of Antarctica.
Dissolved oxygen concentrations in discrete water column samples collected from lakes in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica (2010-2018, ongoing)
As part of the McMurdo Dry Valleys Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) project, dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations have been monitored in several perennially ice-covered lakes in the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica, including Lakes Fryxell, Hoare, Bonney, and Miers. DO concentrations at varying depths within the water column were measured using mini-Winkler titrations, providing valuable insights into DO dynamics in these extreme polar environments.
16S rRNA gene sequence accessions from discrete water column samples collected from lakes in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica (2013-2023, ongoing)
An important component of the McMurdo Dry Valleys Long Term Ecological Research (MCM LTER) project is monitoring spatial and temporal patterns in the biological composition of perennially ice-covered lakes in Antarctica’s McMurdo Dry Valleys. This data package contributes to this core research area by providing a curated table linking 16S rRNA gene sequence accession numbers archived in NCBI to MCM LTER limnological sampling campaigns conducted at specific depths along the water column of Lakes Fryxell, Hoare, Bonney, and Miers. These data enable integration of microbial community data with co-collected biological, chemical, and physical measurements.
Spectral algal concentrations measured with a bbe Moldaenke FluoroProbe in discrete water column samples from lakes in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica (2004–2023, ongoing)
An important component of the McMurdo Dry Valleys Long Term Ecological Research (MCM LTER) project is monitoring the spatial and temporal patterns and processes that regulate primary production in perennial ice-covered lakes. Phytoplankton are the dominant primary producers in the photic zones of these lakes and play a central role in carbon cycling. This data package quantifies spectral algal concentrations measured with a bbe Moldaenke FluoroProbe at discrete depths throughout the water column of multiple lakes across the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica, providing long-term observations that support investigations into primary production dynamics and ecosystem responses to environmental change.
MCR LTER: Coral Reef: Water Column: Nearshore Water Profiles, CTD, Primary Production, and Chemistry ongoing since 2005
This data package contains water chemistry measurements taken 2 to 4 times per year at 6 stations on the north shore of Moorea, French Polynesia: Forereef, Lagoon, Fringing Reef, Cooks Bay, Cooks Bay Stream Mouth, and Offshore (5 km due north). Measurements include standard CTD parameters, nutrients, chlorophyll, phaeopigments, particulate organic carbon and nitrogen, dissolved organic carbon, dissolved inorganic carbon, total alkalinity, water column primary production, and abundance of bacteria. Sampling began in August, 2005. All water samples were collected with Niskin Bottles. CTD data were collected with a SBE19-Plus Seacat Profiler outfitted with WetLabs FLNTURT-221 Flurometer/turbidity sensors. CTD and bottle samples were taken on separate casts at each station. Two additional stations on the Moorea east shore were sampled in August 2005 only: LTER 3 Forereef Water Column, LTER 3 Backreef Water Column. This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation under Grant No. OCE 16-37396 (and earlier awards) as well as a generous gift from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. Research was completed under permits issued by the French Polynesian Government (Délégation à la Recherche) and the Haut-commissariat de la République en Polynésie Francaise (DTRT) (Protocole d'Accueil 2005-2018). This work represents a contribution of the Moorea Coral Reef (MCR) LTER Site.
MCR LTER: Coral Reef: Water Column: Nutrients, ongoing since 2005
This data package contains water chemistry measurements taken approximately bi-monthly at 3 stations on the north shore of Moorea, French Polynesia: Forereef, Lagoon, Fringing Reef. Nutrients are measured from water samples collected with Niskin bottles or Falcon tubes. For completeness, nutrient measurements are reported even when concentrations are below the detection limit of the method, which commonly occurs at this site. Sampling began in August, 2005 and is ongoing. This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation under Grant No. OCE 16-37396 (and earlier awards) as well as a generous gift from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. Research was completed under permits issued by the French Polynesian Government (Délégation à la Recherche) and the Haut-commissariat de la République en Polynésie Francaise (DTRT) (Protocole d'Accueil 2005-2018). This work represents a contribution of the Moorea Coral Reef (MCR) LTER Site.
MCR LTER: Coral Reef: Water Column: Offshore Ocean Acidification: Water Profiles, CTD, and Chemistry from 2005 to 2012
This data package contains water chemistry measurements taken 2 to 4 times per year at a station 5 km offshore of the north shore of Moorea, French Polynesia. Measurements include standard CTD parameters, phosphate, silicate, total alkalinity (TA) and total dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC). Sampling began in August, 2005. All water samples were collected with Niskin Bottles. This data includes excerpts from CTD data were collected with a SBE19-Plus Seacat Profiler. CTD and bottle samples were taken on separate casts at each station. (For full CTD data refer to knb-lter-mcr.10.) All other parameters were calculated from temperature, pressure, nutrients, TA and DIC with CO2Sys programs available at: http://cdiac.ornl.gov/oceans/co2rprt.html (Lewis E. and D. Wallace Program Developed for CO2 System Calculations) using constants K1, K2 from Mehrbach et al, 1973 refit by Dickson and Millero, 1987, Dickson KHSO4, and the Seawater pH scale (mol/kg-SW). If users wish to use different constants and scales, they will need to recalculate using the emperically collected data (TA and DIC).
MCR LTER: Coral Reef: Water Column fDOM in lagoons of Moorea, French Polynesia
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is a mixture of organic materials that are dissolved in water. DOM represents a significant fraction of carbon and nutrient stocks in seawater. To quantify the distribution and dynamics of organic matter in nearshore marine environments, fluorescent dissolved organic matter (fDOM; a subset of DOM that fluoresces under ultraviolet light) was quantified from water column samples collected in lagoons around Moorea, French Polynesia during May 2021, April 2022, and April 2023. fDOM components, such as humic-like compounds, as well as fDOM indices, such as the humification index, were measured using fluorometry (for more details refer to methods). Humification Index was higher in bays and fringing reef habitats, whereas Fluorescence Index and M:C ratio were higher further offshore at back reef sites.
Dissolved inorganic nutrients from the Martha's Vineyard Coastal Observatory (MVCO), including 4 macro-nutrients from water column bottle samples, ongoing since 2003 (NES-LTER since 2017)
Dissolved inorganic nutrients including nitrate + nitrite, ammonium, silicate, and phosphate are measured from water column bottle and bucket samples taken on NES-LTER day cruises in the vicinity of the Martha's Vineyard Coastal Observatory (MVCO). Sampling frequency near MVCO is approximately monthly, ongoing since 2003. Samples were filtered, frozen, then processed at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution's Nutrient Analytical Facility. These macro-nutrients are analyzed in seawater using a colorimetric assay in which light absorbance is measured versus known standards, and final concentrations are calculated (in micromole per liter). Each sample may have up to 3 replicates.
Chlorophyll and phaeopigments from water column samples, collected at selected depths at Palmer Station Antarctica, during the Palmer LTER field seasons, 1991-2025.
Phytoplankton chlorophyll sampling was led by Smith from the 1991-1992 season through the 2001-2002 season, and then by Vernet from the 2002-2003 season through the 2006-2007 season. Schofield is the third, and current lead, beginning in the 2008-2009 season. Methods have been kept consistent as much as possible over the full time series and different Principal Investigators. Chlorophyll a (Chl a) is the principal photosynthetic pigment of phytoplankton, and is used as a proxy measurement for estimating phytoplankton biomass in water samples. Chl a concentrations reflect the distribution of active phytoplankton spatially and with depth in the water column and their changes over time. Phaeopigments are non-photosynthetic pigments that are degradation products of phytoplankton chlorophylls which form during and after phytoplankton blooms. Water samples are collected throughout the water column at stations within the Palmer LTER region (primarily B and E, to 50m and 65m respectively). Beginning in the 2020-2021 season, Station B is no longer sampled. Chlorophyll and phaeopigment concentrations are determined by filtration, extraction, and fluorometric detection of samples. The primary source of error for phaeopigment measurement is Chlorophyll b. If high amounts of Chlorophyll b are present in the sample, phaeopigments may be overestimated. There was no field season in 2021-2022.
Water column primary production from inorganic carbon uptake for 24h at simulated in situ light levels in deck incubators, collected at Palmer Station Antarctica during Palmer LTER field seasons, 1994-2025.
Primary Production experiments were led by Vernet from the 1994-1995 season through the 2006-2007 season. Schofield is the current lead, beginning in the 2009-2010 season. Methods have been kept consistent as much as possible over the full time series and different Principal Investigators. Primary production is the uptake of inorganic carbon and assimilation of it into organic matter by phytoplankton. Primary production rates, expressed as mgC per m3 per day were measured by the uptake of radioactive (14C) sodium bicarbonate. Water samples are collected throughout the water column at stations within the Palmer LTER region (primarily B and E, to 50m and 65m respectively). Beginning in the 2020-2021 season, Station B is no longer sampled. Water is put into borosilicate bottles, inoculated with 1 uCi of NaH14CO3 per bottle, and incubated in an outdoor deck incubator. The incubator is plumbed to the Palmer Station sea water system to maintain ambient seawater temperature and bottles are screened to in situ light levels. The uptake of 14C-bicarbonate by the phytoplankton was measured in a scintillation counter after a 24-hour incubation period. Primary production experiments were not conducted during the 2020-2021 nor 2023-2024 field seasons. There was no field season in 2021-2022.
Photosynthetic pigments of water column samples analyzed using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), sampled during the Palmer LTER field seasons at Palmer Station, Antarctica, 1991 – 2023.
Phytoplankton pigment sampling was led by Prezelin from the 1991-1992 season through the 1993-1994 season, and then by Vernet from the 1994-1995 season through the 2006-2007 season. Schofield is the third, and current lead, beginning in the 2008-2009 season. Methods have been kept consistent as much as possible over the full time series and different Principal Investigators. Phytoplankton have a suite of accessory pigments in addition to Chlorophyll a, including other Chlorophyll’s (e.g. Chlorophyll b), Xanthophylls, and Carotenes. These accessory pigments can be used as chemotaxonomic markers to assess the composition and distribution of the phytoplankton community. For example, Fucoxanthin is a marker pigment of Diatoms, whereas Alloxanthin is a marker pigment of Cryptophytes. Accessory pigments also assist in photoacclimation and photoprotective processes. Water samples are collected throughout the water column at stations within the Palmer LTER region (primarily B and E, to 50m and 65m respectively). Water samples are filtered onto GF/F filters, and filters kept frozen at -80C until analysis. HPLC analysis is completed following Wright et al (1991). Following the guidelines set by NASA SeaHARRE, we use an internal standard and replicate injects on the HPLC to track recovery and replicability of the pigment extraction methods. Data is unavailable for the Palmer 2009-2010 season due to instrumentation problems and for the Palmer 2011-2012 season due to a freezer failure which resulted in the loss of samples. There is a temporary data gap for the Palmer 2015-2016, Palmer 2016-2017, Palmer 2019-2020, Palmer 2020-2021, and Palmer 2023-2024 seasons because those samples have not been analyzed yet.
Chlorophyll and phaeopigments from water column samples, collected at selected depths aboard Palmer LTER annual cruises off the coast of the Western Antarctic Peninsula, 1991-2024.
Phytoplankton chlorophyll sampling was led by Smith from 1991-2002, and then by Vernet from 2003-2008. Schofield is the third, and current lead, beginning in 2009. Methods have been kept consistent as much as possible over the full time series and different Principal Investigators. Chlorophyll a (Chl a) is the principal photosynthetic pigment of phytoplankton, and is used as a proxy measurement for estimating phytoplankton biomass in water samples. Chl a concentrations reflect the distribution of active phytoplankton spatially and with depth in the water column and their changes over time. Phaeopigments are non-photosynthetic pigments that are degradation products of phytoplankton chlorophylls which form during and after phytoplankton blooms. Water samples are collected throughout the water column along the Western Antarctic Peninsula at regular LTER grid stations where CTD casts are preformed and in surface waters at underway stations, where CTD casts are not done, using the ship's flow-through seawater system. Chlorophyll and phaeopigment concentrations are determined by filtration, extraction, and fluorometric detection of samples. The primary source of error for phaeopigment measurement is Chlorophyll b. If high amounts of Chlorophyll b are present in the sample, phaeopigments may be overestimated.
Water column primary production from inorganic carbon uptake for 24h at simulated in situ (SIS) light levels in deck incubators, collected aboard Palmer LTER annual cruises off the coast of the Western Antarctic Peninsula, 1995 – 2023.
Primary Production experiments were led by Vernet from 1995-2008. Schofield is the current lead, beginning in 2009. Methods have been kept consistent as much as possible over the full time series and different Principal Investigators. Primary production is the uptake of inorganic carbon and assimilation of it into organic matter by phytoplankton. Primary production rates, expressed as mgC per m3 per day were measured by the uptake of radioactive (14C) sodium bicarbonate. Water samples are collected throughout the water column at stations along the Western Antarctica Peninsula at regular PAL-LTER grid stations. Water is put into borosilicate bottles, inoculated with 1 uCi of NaH14CO3 per bottle, and incubated in an outdoor deck incubator. The incubator is plumbed to the ship sea water system to maintain ambient seawater temperature and bottles are screened to in situ light levels. The uptake of 14C-bicarbonate by the phytoplankton was measured in a scintillation counter after a 24-hour incubation period. Data is unavailable for the LMG16-01 cruise due to measurement issues. Data is temporarily unavailable for the LMG20-01 cruise. Primary production experiments were not conducted during the 2022 (NBP21-13) nor 2024 (LMG24-01) cruises. There was no cruise in the austral summer of 2021.
Photosynthetic pigments of water column samples and analyzed with High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), collected aboard Palmer LTER annual cruises off the coast of the Western Antarctica Peninsula, 1991-2024.
Phytoplankton pigment sampling was led by Prezelin from 1991-1994, and then by Vernet from 1995-2008. Schofield is the third, and current lead, beginning in 2009. Methods have been kept consistent as much as possible over the full time series and different Principal Investigators. Phytoplankton have a suite of accessory pigments in addition to Chlorophyll a, including other Chlorophyll's (e.g. Chlorophyll b), Xanthophylls, and Carotenes. These accessory pigments can be used as chemotaxonomic markers to assess the composition and distribution of the phytoplankton community. For example, Fucoxanthin is a marker pigment of Diatoms, whereas Alloxanthin is a marker pigment of Cryptophytes. Accessory pigments also assist in photoacclimation and photoprotective processes. Water samples are collected throughout the water column along the Western Antarctic Peninsula at regular LTER grid stations where CTD casts are preformed and in surface waters at underway stations, where CTD casts are not done, using the ship's flow-through seawater system. Water samples are filtered onto GF/F filters, and filters kept frozen at -80C until analysis. HPLC analysis is completed following Wright et al (1991). Following the guidelines set by NASA SeaHARRE, we use an internal standard and replicate injects on the HPLC to track recovery and replicability of the pigment extraction methods and the HPLC. Data is unavailable for the LMG10-01 cruise due to instrumentation problems and for the LMG12-01 cruise due to a freezer failure which resulted in the loss of samples. There is no data for 2021 because there was no LTER cruise.
Dissolved inorganic carbon and alkalinity of discrete water column samples, collected aboard Palmer LTER annual cruises of the Western Antarctic Peninsula, 1993 - 2019.
Dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC or total CO2 – TCO2) and total alkalinity (TALK) are two of the four parameters defining the carbonate system in seawater. DIC is composed of dissolved CO2 gas, which dissociates into carbonate, 〖CO〗_3^(2-), and bicarbonate, 〖HCO〗_3^- in seawater. About 90% of the DIC is in the form of bicarbonate, ~10% is carbonate, and ~1% is CO2. The dissociation of CO2 dissolved in seawater into carbonate and bicarbonate gives seawater its great capacity to absorb CO2 from the atmosphere. Alkalinity (also known as “buffer capacity”) is a measure of the capacity of water to neutralize acids. Alkalinity is a complex product of the concentrations of (in decreasing order of importance) the DIC components, borate, hydroxide, phosphate, silicate and dissolved ammonium. Ocean biology regulates the alkalinity through the uptake and release of the DIC and the macronutrients N, P and Si. We measure surface DIC and ALK to understand the exchange of CO2 across the air-sea interface in our study area. With DIC and dissolved CO2, we can also derive estimates of ocean pH and thus monitor the extent and evolution of ocean acidification. Analytical methods and QC are presented under the Methods and Protocols tab.
PIE LTER, Year 2018, 15 minute interval, water quality measurements of water column temperature, salinity, oxygen, and depth near the mouth of Plum Island Sound, Massachusetts
Year 2018, 15 minute measurements of water column temperature, salinity, oxygen and depth in Plum Island Sound at the Ipswich Bay Yacht Club, Ipswich, MA.
Water-column conductivity, salinity, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, and pH by deployed sonde during tidal creek lateral exchange measurements approximately every 5 minutes from beginning of flood tide to the following low tide, Rowley, MA, PIE LTER.
Measurement of water-column conductivity, salinity, temperature, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, and pH logged by deployed sonde in tidal creek systems draining predominantly low-elevation marsh dominated by Spartina alterniflora (LM1 and LM2) and high-elevation marsh dominated by Spartina patens (West, Nelson, HM1). Creeks are located in Rowley, MA, PIE LTER.
PIE LTER, Hach, OTT RLS measurements of water column depth at 15 minute intervals in the lower Plum Island Sound off the Ipswich Bay Yacht Club pier, Ipswich, MA, year 2021.
Measurements of water column depth at 15 minute intervals in Plum Island Sound at the Ipswich Bay Yacht Club, for year 2021. OTT radar level sensor (RLS) installed September 20, 2011 out of the water under the concrete pad on the Ipswich Bay Yacht Club pier, Ipswich, MA. RLS was mounted so that continuous year round measurements can be conducted without the concern of ice flows damaging the sensor.
Year 2014, 15 minute interval, water quality measurements of water column temperature, salinity, oxygen, and depth in the upper Parker River Estuary near Middle Road Bridge, Newbury, MA.
Year 2014, water quality sonde data.15 minute readings of water column temperature, salinity, oxygen and depth in the upper Parker River Estuary near Middle Rd Bridge, Newbury, MA
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