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122 results for “western Ecuador”
FIGURE 21 in A new species of Atopophlebia Flowers (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae) from western Ecuador with ecological and biogeographic notes on the genus
FIGURE 21. Ranges of species of Atopophlebia. Open stars, A. fortunensis; closed stars, A. pitculya; solid circle, A. obrienorum; square, A. yarinacocha; open circles, A. flowersi.
FIGURES 1–4. Atopophlebia pitculya. 1 in A new species of Atopophlebia Flowers (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae) from western Ecuador with ecological and biogeographic notes on the genus
FIGURES 1–4. Atopophlebia pitculya. 1, male imago, lateral view; Figs. 2–3, mature nymph: 2, dorsal view; 3, ventral view. 4, habitat of nymph, Estero Jurón, Bosque Protector Cantagallo, Manabí, Ecuador.
FIGURES 5–9. Atopophlebia pitculya, imago. Figs. 5–6 in A new species of Atopophlebia Flowers (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae) from western Ecuador with ecological and biogeographic notes on the genus
FIGURES 5–9. Atopophlebia pitculya, imago. Figs. 5–6, wings: 5, fore and hind wing; 6, hind wing enlarged. Figs. 7–9, male genitalia: 7, subgenital plate and penes, ventral view; 8 penes and base of forceps, lateral view; 9, penes, dorsal view.
FIGURES 10–20. Atopophlebia pitculya. Figs. 10–15 in A new species of Atopophlebia Flowers (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae) from western Ecuador with ecological and biogeographic notes on the genus
FIGURES 10–20. Atopophlebia pitculya. Figs. 10–15, mouthparts: 10, labrum; 11, labral denticles; 12, left mandible; 13, maxilla; 14, hypopharynx; 15, labium: a, dorsal view, b, ventral view. Figs. 16–19, legs of nymph: 16, hind leg; 17, middle leg; 18 foreleg, 19, tarsal claw. 20, fifth gill.
FIGURE 6 in Figure 6 In A New Species Of Noblella (Amphibia: Strabomantidae) From The Western Slopes Of The Andes Of Ecuador
FIGURE 6. Taxonomically relevant characters in Glassfrogs. (A) Transparent pericardium, white hepatic and visceral peritonea (left; Hyalinobatrachium aureoguttatum); white pericardium, translucent hepatic and visceral peritonea (right; Centrolene buckleyi). (B) Absence of humeral spine (top; H. fleischmanni); presence of humeral spine (bottom; Espadarana callistomma).
FIGURE 2 in Figure 6 In A New Species Of Noblella (Amphibia: Strabomantidae) From The Western Slopes Of The Andes Of Ecuador
FIGURE 2. Egg deposition sites in Centrolenidae. Type A: On the anterior part of upper side of leaves (e.g., Centrolene bacatum, photo by JMG). Type B: On the tip of upper side of leaves (e.g., Nymphargus wileyi, photo by JMG). Type C: On the underside of leaves (e.g., Hyalinobatrachium crurifasciatum, photo by C. Barrio-Amorós). Type D: On the margin of under side of leaves (e.g., Teratohyla spinosa, photo by R. Puschendorf). Type E: On rocks (e.g., Sachatamia albomaculata, photo by R. Puschendorf).
FIGURE 1 in Figure 6 In A New Species Of Noblella (Amphibia: Strabomantidae) From The Western Slopes Of The Andes Of Ecuador
FIGURE 1. Synapomorphies of Centrolenidae. (A) Partial (Nymphargus posadae, QCAZ 25090) and complete ventral transparency (Hyalinobatrachium aureoguttatum, QCAZ 32070). (B) Partial (N. wileyi, QCAZ 26029) and complete fusion between tibiale and fibulare (H. munozorum, KU 155497). (C) Medial process on Metacarpal III and intercalary element (Teratohyla spinosa, KU 32935). The presence of T or Y-shaped terminal phalanges is a synapomorphy of Allocentroleniae (Allophrynidae + Centrolenidae). Photos in (A) by M. Bustamante.
FIGURE 13 in Figure 6 In A New Species Of Noblella (Amphibia: Strabomantidae) From The Western Slopes Of The Andes Of Ecuador
FIGURE 13. Crista medialis, crista ventralis, and humeral spines in centrolenid adult males. Centrolene bacatum, KU 170116; C. geckoideum, ICN 5598; C. pipilatum, KU 143286; Cochranella euknemos, KU 77534; Cochranella litoralis, QCAZ 27693; Teratohyla spinosa, KU 32935; Nymphargus griffithsi, KU 288992 188148; N. cochranae, KU 123218; N. megacheirus, KU 143271; N. pluvialis, KU 173488; Sachatamia albomaculata, KU 65185; S. ilex, LACM 72910; Chimerella mariaelenae, QCAZ 21252; Vitreorana antisthenesi, KU 167775; V. eurygnatha, KU 93225; V. gorzulae, UTA 52240; Celsiella revocata, MHNLS 13352; Hyalinobatrachium bergeri, KU 162256; H. valerioi, KU 178091; Ikakogi tayrona, KU 169754. Note that the crista medialis of I. tayrona is almost as long as the humerus.
FIGURE 9 in Figure 6 In A New Species Of Noblella (Amphibia: Strabomantidae) From The Western Slopes Of The Andes Of Ecuador
FIGURE 9. Use of unranked taxa as a mean to increase name stability. (A) Accepted relationships and taxonomy until 2006. (B) Proposal by Frost et al. (2006); note the change in names and species contents. (C) Recognition of Allocentroleniae as an unranked name; note that clade names and clade contents are as those used before 2006, and the Centrolenidae + Allophrynidae clade is recognized.
FIGURE 5 in Figure 6 In A New Species Of Noblella (Amphibia: Strabomantidae) From The Western Slopes Of The Andes Of Ecuador
FIGURE 5. Previous taxonomic hypotheses for centrolenid frogs. (A) Taxonomy sensu Taylor (1949, 1951). (B) Taxonomy sensu Savage (1967). (C) Generic arrangement by Ruiz-Carranza and Lynch (1991a). (D) Hypothesis of relationships sensu Ruiz-Carranza and Lynch (1991a), as modified by Bolívar et al. (1999). (E) Hypothesis of relationships sensu Ruiz-Carranza and Lynch (1991a, 1995a, 1998). (F) Hypothesis of relationships sensu Ruiz-Carranza and Lynch (1991a), as modified by Savage (2002). (G) Hypothesis of relationships sensu Ruiz-Carranza and Lynch (1991a, 1995a, 1998), as modified by Duellman and Señaris (2003), Señaris and Ayarzagüena (2005), and Cisneros- Heredia and McDiarmid (2006a, b). (H) Hypothesis of relationships sensu Ruiz-Carranza and Lynch (1991a, 1995a, 1998), as modified by Cisneros-Heredia and McDiarmid (2007a); asterisks denote uncertain placement of eurygnathum, parvulum, and uranoscopum. Figure from Guayasamin et al. (2008a).
FIGURE 15 in Figure 6 In A New Species Of Noblella (Amphibia: Strabomantidae) From The Western Slopes Of The Andes Of Ecuador
FIGURE 15. Differences in hand webbing (Fingers III and IV) between Nymphargus and genera within Cochranellini. The following species are illustrated: Nymphargus posadae, QCAZ 25090; Espadarana prosoblepon, KU 132462; Chimerella mariaelenae, QCAZ 22363; Cochranella resplendens, KU 118053; Rulyrana flavopunctata, KU 121046; Sachatamia albomaculata, QCAZ 4325; Teratohyla spinosa, KU 164668; Vitreorana ametarsia, ICN 50847.
FIGURE 12 in Figure 6 In A New Species Of Noblella (Amphibia: Strabomantidae) From The Western Slopes Of The Andes Of Ecuador
FIGURE 12. Derived fighting behavior between males of Espadarana andina. The illustrated character state is considered to be a synapomorphy of Centroleninae. Wrestling on leaves and amplexus-like fighting behavior (not shown) are hypothesized to be present in all species of Hyalinobatrachinae.
FIGURE 11 in Figure 6 In A New Species Of Noblella (Amphibia: Strabomantidae) From The Western Slopes Of The Andes Of Ecuador
FIGURE 11. Size of prepollex relative to Metacarpal I (dorsal view). Note that in Hyalinobatrachium the prepollex has a length ≤ 50% of the length of Metacarpal I. Also, note relative length of Fingers I and II. Species illustrated: Centrolene hesperium, FMNH 232502; Teratohyla spinosa, KU 32935; Hyalinobatrachium munozorum, KU 155497; Ikakogi tayrona, KU 169754.
FIGURE 8 in Figure 6 In A New Species Of Noblella (Amphibia: Strabomantidae) From The Western Slopes Of The Andes Of Ecuador
FIGURE 8. Maximum likelihood phylogeny of Glassfrogs inferred from mitochondrial genes (12S, 16S, ND1, 2842 aligned base-pairs; ln L = –74810.404) and nuclear genes (c-myc exon 2, RAG1, POMC, 1520 aligned base-pairs; ln L = –17244.283) using RAxML (Stamatakis 2006). Circles indicate significant support values for clades recovered by Bayesian (BA, posterior probability ≥ 0.95), maximum likelihood (ML, bootstrap ≥ 70%), and maximum parsimony (MP, bootstrap ≥ 70%) analyses. Monotypic genera (Chimerella and Ikakogy) are shown in bold. Figure modified from Guayasamin et al. (2008a).
FIGURE 7 in Figure 6 In A New Species Of Noblella (Amphibia: Strabomantidae) From The Western Slopes Of The Andes Of Ecuador
FIGURE 7. Common nuptial pad morphologies in Centrolenidae (sensu Cisneros-Heredia & McDiarmid 2007). Arrow indicates glandular cluster typical in species of Hyalinobatrachium, as defined herein. Note that Morphology IV has only been reported in Cochranella litoralis, and differs from the description provided by Cisneros-Heredia & McDiarmid (2007). Species illustrated: Type I, Cochranella posadae, QCAZ 26023; Type II, Centrolene lynchi, MCZ 97846 (figure modified from Flores 1985); Type III, Nymphargus armatus, UVC 9400 (figure modified from Lynch & Ruiz-Carranza 1996); Type IV, Cochranella litoralis, ICN 13821; Type V, Hyalinobatrachium aureoguttatum, QCAZ 27429. Morphology VI (glands distributed on the body) is not illustrated.
FIGURE 1 in Dioscorea magnibracteata (Dioscoreaceae), a new species from western Ecuador based on the unpublished work of Temple Clayton
FIGURE 1. Dioscorea magnibracteata: A. Vine with staminate flowers and leaf blade, abaxial view. B. Tuber, bearing one meristematic point. C. Staminate flower. D. Terminal part of inflorescence bearing two flower buds and one open mature flower (note the relatively large floral bracts and valvate aestivation of corolla, both from abaxial view); the androecium composed of six stamens with orange anthers at upper right. E. Terminal part of pendulous pistillate inflorescence. F. Immature fruits on the axis of the infructescence. A–F, photos by Xavier Cornejo, from the paratype Cornejo & Josse 9363 (GUAY).
FIGURE 2 in Dioscorea magnibracteata (Dioscoreaceae), a new species from western Ecuador based on the unpublished work of Temple Clayton
FIGURE 2. Geographic distribution of Dioscorea magnibracteata, showing the protected areas in the occurrence region.
Data from: revealing hidden biodiversity: novel insights on reptile and amphibian distribution in western Ecuador
<p>We present notable distributional updates for 14 species from western Ecuador (seven amphibians and seven reptiles). Our findings include the northernmost confirmed sighting of <em>Pristimantis kuri</em> (Yánez-Muñoz et al. 2016) and the southernmost documented record of <em>Imantodes inornatus</em> (Boulenger 1896) and <em>Lepidoblepharis buchwaldi</em> (Werner 1910). Additionally, we document new records and notes on the distribution range of <em>Agalychnis spurrelli</em> (Boulenger 1913), <em>Hyloscirtus alytolylax</em> (Duellman 1972), <em>Engystomops montubio </em>(Ron et al. 2004), <em>Pristimantis muricatus</em> (Lynch and Miyata 1980), <em>Pristimantis nyctophylax</em> (Lynch 1976), <em>Pristimantis walkeri</em> (Lynch 1974), <em>Chironius flavopictus</em> (Werner 1909), <em>Chironius grandisquamis</em> (Peters 1869), <em>Dendrophidion graciliverpa</em> (Cadle 2012), <em>Ninia schmidti </em>(Arteaga and Harris 2023), and <em>Urotheca fulviceps</em> (Cope 1886). These observations significantly contribute to filling information gaps in our understanding of these species' distributions. The data, derived from samples collected across diverse forested areas in the western region of Ecuador (provinces of Bolívar, Cañar, Guayas, El Oro, and Los Ríos), provide valuable insights into the ecology and conservation of these species.</p>
FIGURE 3. Nasa ojedae. A in Nasa ojedae (Loasaceae): A new species from the montane forests of Reserva El Corazón, western Andes of Ecuador
FIGURE 3. Nasa ojedae. A. Whitish indument; B. Arachnoid trichomes; C–D. Stinging setae, close up of glandular base at upper right corner; E. Leaf blade beneath; F. Glochidiate trichomes (A–F, based on X. Cornejo & J. Josse 10058, the type). Photos by Xavier Cornejo.
FIGURE 2. Nasa ojedae. A in Nasa ojedae (Loasaceae): A new species from the montane forests of Reserva El Corazón, western Andes of Ecuador
FIGURE 2. Nasa ojedae. A. Flower at anthesis, lateral-adaxial view; B. Flower at anthesis, lateral view, inner floral nectary at lower right corner; C. Two detached petals and epipetalous fascicles of stamens attached to base, inner view; D. Fruit nearly to maturity with persistent sepals, lateral view; seeds preserved in alcohol at upper left corner and fruit transversal section exhibiting 5 parietal placentae at lower right corner; E. A mature basal leaf blade, adaxial view; F. Habitat, an Andean forested ravine (A–F, based on X. Cornejo, J. Josse 10058, the type). Photos by Xavier Cornejo.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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