Find research datasets worth reusing

opencc-zeroFeb 2023View details →

Data for: Assessment of cryogenic pretreatment for simulating environmental weathering in the formation of surrogate micro- and nanoplastics from agricultural mulch film

Microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) from mulch films and other plastic materials employed in vegetable and small fruit production pose a major threat to agricultural ecosystems. For conducting controlled studies on MPs' and NPs' (MNPs') ecotoxicity to soil organisms and plants and fate and transport in soil, surrogate MNPs are required that mimic MNPs that form in agricultural fields. We have developed a procedure to prepare MPs from plastic films or pellets using mechanical milling and sieving, and conversion of the resultant MPs into NPs through wet grinding, both steps of which mimic the degradation and fragmentation of plastics in nature. The major goal of this study was to determine if cryogenic exposure of two biodegradable mulch films effectively mimics the embrittlement caused by environmental weathering in terms of the dimensional, thermal, chemical, and biodegradability properties of the formed MNPs. We found differences in size, surface charge, thermal and chemical properties, and biodegradability in soil between MNPs' prepared from cryogenically treated vs. environmentally weathered films, related to the photochemical reactions occurring in the environment that were not mimicked by cryogenic treatment, such as depolymerization and cross-link formation. We also investigated the size reduction process for NPs and found that the size distribution was bimodal, with populations centered at 50 nm and 150–300 nm, and as the size reduction process progressed, the former subpopulation's proportion increased. The biodegradability of MPs in soil was greater than for NPs, a counter-intuitive trend since greater surface area exposure for NPs would increase biodegradability. The result is associated with differences in surface and chemical properties and to minor components that are readily leached out during the formation of NPs. In summary, the use of weathered plastics as feedstock would likely produce MNPs that are more realistic than cryogenically-treated unweathered films for use in experimental studies.

opencc-by-4.0Feb 2023View details →

Coadaptation of coexisting plants enhances productivity in an agricultural system

Data set for the study Coadaptation of coexisting plants enhances productivity in an agricultural system

opencc-zeroFeb 2023View details →

Navigating agricultural landscapes: Responses of critically endangered giant tortoises to farmland vegetation and infrastructure

Context: Interactions between wildlife and anthropogenic infrastructure, such as roads, fences, and dams, can influence wildlife movement, and potentially cause human-wildlife conflict. In the Galapagos archipelago, two species of critically endangered giant tortoise encounter infrastructure and human-modified vegetation in farms, which could influence movement choices. Objectives: We investigated factors influencing tortoise movement and habitat selection in the agricultural landscape of Santa Cruz Island, Galapagos. Methods: We examined the movement of 27 tortoises collected using GPS tracking between 2014 and 2020, in relation to the location of vegetation, ponds, fences, and roads. Results: We found that tortoises preferred pasture over native vegetation, but there was little difference among their preferences for native vegetation, crops, or invasive vegetation. Tortoises also travelled slower in pasture, and faster in invasive vegetation, compared to crops and native vegetation. Tortoises were more likely to be found closer to ponds than predicted by chance. Our results indicated that most fences were porous to tortoises, with limited impact on their movement. Tortoises were more likely to use areas near roads with low-traffic. Conclusions: Pastures and ponds are important habitats for tortoises in farms and are likely to be used preferentially by tortoises. Overall, fences and roads did not strongly obstruct tortoise movements, however, this may lead to potential injury to tortoises on roads and property damage for farmers. To best identify priority areas for managing wildlife on farms, we recommend evaluating the combined effects of multiple anthropogenic landscape features on wildlife movements.

opencc-by-4.0Feb 2023View details →

Supplementary Information for "Mapping potential conflicts between global agriculture and terrestrial conservation"

This archive contains supplementary figures from mapping potential conflicts between global agriculture and terrestrial conservation in 2010 and 2070. Please see the captions of these figures below. Supplementary Figure 3. Distribution of regional land use by agricultural commodity and conservation priority (CP) index intervals (48 x 3 sub-figures). Supplementary Figure 4. Distribution of regional land use (left) and global land use (right) of 48 agricultural commodities (48 x 3 sub-figures). The x-axis is the land use as a proportion of the total global production area. Supplementary Figure 5. Comparison of the distribution of regional land use for 48 agricultural commodities between 2010 and 2070 scenarios (48 x 7 x 2 sub-figures). Supplementary Figure 6. Comparison of land use and conservation conflict between national and global levels. The y-axis refers to the land use as a proportion of the total global production area. There are 48 agricultural commodities for 197 countries (197 x 48 x 3 sub-figures). Supplementary Figure 7. Comparison of the land use distribution of top producers for 48 agricultural commodities between 2010 and 2070 scenarios (48 x 10 x 2 sub-figures). Supplementary Figure 8. Spatial distribution maps of production areas for 48 agricultural commodities (48 x 3 maps). Supplementary Figure 9. Conflict between conservation priority sites and (non-)domestic land use for 42 agricultural commodities associated with consumption in 197 countries (197 x 42 x 3 sub-figures). Supplementary Figure 10. Land use maps of 42 agricultural commodities linked to consumption in 197 countries (197 x 42 x 3 maps). Supplementary Figure 11. Conservation priority index and export rate of selected agricultural commodity for primary production cells (land use of each agricultural commodity > 10% of cell area). a) Current status in 2010. b) Shifts of conservation priority in 2070 (RCP 8.5). Triangles point-up and point-down to indicate increased and decreased CP, respectively. Density plots on top and right show cell densities corresponding to export rate and CP index, respectively. Supplementary Figure 12. Maps of global conservation priority index in 2010 and 2070. Supplementary Figure 13. a, Performance curves for prioritization per scenario 2010, 2070-RCP2.6, and 2070-RCP8.5). Curves show the average fraction of species' range covered in each scenario weighted by each species weight, divided by the total weight of species (y-axis), by a given fraction of the landscape (x-axis). b, Histograms and boxplots of all CP map pixels. Each jittered point in boxplots represents a map pixel.

opencc-by-4.0May 2022View details →

Field margins as substitute habitat for the conservation of birds in agricultural wetlands; Supplementary information

Supplementary material, dataset and script links to the research paper submit for recommendation by PCI Ecology.

Sketch of The Lalindloch Palace (College of Agriculture, Vellayani) drawn by Noor Fidha P. K. V.

Sketch of The Lalindloch Palace (College of Agriculture, Vellayani) drawn by Noor Fidha P. K. V.

MAED template Reconstruction Base Year - Agriculture, Construction, Mining (Industry Sector)

MAED template Reconstruction Base Year  - Agriculture, Construction, Mining (Industry Sector) for Hands-on 5 of the Open Learn Create Course on MAED.

opencc-zeroMar 2023View details →

Data from: Multi-level thresholds of residential and agricultural land use for elk avoidance across the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem

1. Conversion of land for settlements and agriculture is increasing globally and can influence wildlife space use. However, there is limited research to identify the thresholds of land use change that incur wildlife avoidance, and how these thresholds might vary across levels of selection. 2. We evaluated multi-level avoidance thresholds of elk (Cervus canadensis) impacted by residential development and irrigated agriculture across the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem in Idaho, Montana, and Wyoming. Using GPS data from 765 elk in 21 herds, we estimated habitat selection in relation to development and agriculture at 3 levels (home range selection, within home range selection, and movement path selection). Next, using individual selection covariates and associated measures of land use availability, we used functional-response models to evaluate how selection varied based on availability, and in turn, to estimate avoidance thresholds. 3. We found individual and level-specific variation in elk responses to environmental factors. Elk exhibited stronger responses (either selection or avoidance) when selecting home range locations (i.e. second-order selection) than when selecting areas within home ranges (i.e. third-order selection) or selecting movement paths (i.e. fourth order selection). Importantly, elk avoidance of development and agriculture changed as the amount of land in these categories changed. Across all levels of selection, elk exhibited neutral selection for human development at low levels of availability (<1.1–2.2% developed) but avoided areas that were >1.1–2.2% developed. Conversely, elk selected positively for irrigated agriculture at low to moderate levels of availability (<52.0–66.2% agriculture) but exhibited neutral selection in areas that were > 52.0–66.2% agriculture. 4. Synthesis and Applications: Elk avoidance of low levels of human development suggests conservation efforts such as restrictions on future development or conservation easements could focus on areas that are still below 2% developed. Additionally, because elk selection was strongest at the landscape scale, conservation actions that are based on information about the overall landscape structure may be most impactful. Our results highlight the importance of understanding variability in wildlife habitat selection at multiple levels, particularly in relation to land use change and highlight how functional response modelling can help inform landscape conservation.

Survey data of an integrative evaluation framework for assessing the sustainability of different types of urban agriculture

In this dataset we present core data of an integrative evaluation framework for assessing the environmental, social, and economic sustainability of urban agriculture. The multi-criteria analysis is conducted by an Analytic Hierarchy Process and a participatory approach. The data integrate the selection and weighting of sub-criteria based on two online surveys: 1) Survey 1: The selection of suitable sub-criteria for assessing the sustainability of urban agriculture was done by European scientific experts. 2) Survey 2: The weighting of the selected sub-criteria was done on the example of vertical farming and community supported agriculture. Therefore, we involved stakeholders representing key actors for the implementation of urban agriculture: city administrations and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) of ten German case study cities, practitioners and technical-scientific experts.   List of data and content 1) Survey_1 (*.zip): <ul> <li>Survey_1_Criteria_Selection_English: Online survey in English (*.pdf)</li> <li>Survey_1_Information_Sub-criteria_English: Information about the sub-criteria provided in the survey (in English) (*.pdf)</li> <li>Survey_1_Groups: Results of the statistical analyses (U-tests and Kruscal-Wallis) to detect group-specific differences (e.g. gender, different length or degree of experience with urban agriculture, scientific focus, target group, expertise); the tests were conducted with IBM SPSS Statistics 25 (*.xlsx)</li> </ul> 2) Survey_2 (*.zip): <ul> <li>Survey_2_AHP_City_Administrations_German: Online survey for city administrations in German (*.pdf)</li> <li>Survey_2_AHP_Practitioners_German: Online survey for practitioners and technical-scientific experts in German (*.pdf)</li> <li>Survey_2_AHP_NGOs_German: Online survey for NGOs in German (*.pdf)</li> <li>Survey_2_Information_Sub-Criteria_German: Information about the sub-criteria provided in the survey (in German) (*.pdf)</li> <li>Survey_2_Groups: Results of the statistical analyses (U-tests and Kruscal-Wallis) to detect group-specific differences (e.g. gender, different length or degree of experience with urban agriculture, scientific focus, target group, expertise); the tests were conducted with IBM SPSS Statistics 25 (*.xlsx)</li> <li>rdata_CA_AHP_edible_Cities_2022-03-18_10-28: Results of the survey for city administrations (*.csv)</li> <li>rdata_NGO_AHP_edible_Cities_2022-03-18_10-40: Results of the survey for NGOs (*.csv)</li> <li>rdata_PE_AHP_edible_Cities_2022-03-18_10-41: Results of the survey for practitioners and technical-scientific experts (*.csv)</li> <li>rdata_all_AHP_edible_Cities_2022-03-18_09-53: Total results of the survey</li> </ul>   Data acquisition and processing The methods are described in this linked publication: John, H., & Artmann, M. (2024). Introducing an integrative evaluation framework for assessing the sustainability of different types of urban agriculture. International Journal of Urban Sustainable Development, 16 (1), 35-52. doi: 10.1080/19463138.2024.2317795 The methodology of the performed analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is published in a separate repository on GitHub including a paper that systematically explains the AHP by means of code examples, starting with the raw data, through their adaptation to the software functions of the ahpsurvey R-package, and finally, execution of the AHP up to the visualization of the results.   Acknowledgments The authors thank Mabel Killinger and Marie Herzig for their help in stakeholder identification as well as all experts and stakeholders for their participation in the two online surveys and their helpful comments. Data processing and analysis by means of an Analytic Hierarchy Process in R would not have been possible without the help of Björn Kasper.

The legacy of one hundred years of climate change for organic carbon stocks in global agricultural topsoils - full dataset

This zip folder contains a txt and a shp file with predicted soil organic carbon stocks for a total of 931149 points on agricultural land across the globe at three different timepoints. The initial value (2018) for the scenarios c (constant carbon input) and v (variable carbon input) was derived from the FAO GSP Global SOC map published in 2018. the values in 1969 and 1919 are the results of backwards modelling with RothC model to estimate past climate change effects on SOC stocks. Details can be found in the publication " The legacy of one hundred years of climate change for organic carbon stocks in global agricultural topsoils" as published in Scientific Reports.

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2023View details →

Dealing with Sub-pixel Landscape Elements in Distributed Rainfall-Runoff Modelling in Agricultural Catchments

The Input_Data.zip file contains the processed data used as input data for the research paper "Dealing with Sub-pixel Landscape Elements in Distributed Rainfall-Runoff Modelling in Agricultural Catchments". <ul> <li>The Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) are adapted from the 5 m resolution "DEM DHMV II" (available from <a href="https://download.vlaanderen.be/Producten/Detail/938">https://download.vlaanderen.be/Producten/Detail/938</a>). The scaling factors used to calculate per-pixel values of upscaled hydro-physical parameters are derived from the digital elevation model.</li> <li>The raster files representing the Manning's roughness coefficient in the watershed for 2006, 2007, 2013, 2016 and 2019 are based on landcover datasets created by combining the Flemish agricultural parcel dataset for each year (available from https://www.vlaanderen.be/datavindplaats/catalogus/landbouwgebruikspercelen-lv-2021) with the road network dataset (available from <a href="https://www.vlaanderen.be/digitaal-vlaanderen/onze-oplossingen/basiskaart-vlaanderen-grb">https://www.vlaanderen.be/digitaal-vlaanderen/onze-oplossingen/basiskaart-vlaanderen-grb</a>) and digitised polygons of forested areas based on areal images (<a href="https://www.vlaanderen.be/datavindplaats/catalogus/orthofotomozaiek-grootschalig-winteropnamen-kleur-2013-2015-vlaanderen">https://www.vlaanderen.be/datavindplaats/catalogus/orthofotomozaiek-grootschalig-winteropnamen-kleur-2013-2015-vlaanderen</a>).</li> <li>The vegetated landscape element (vLE) configurations were created based on agricultural parcel boundaries (available from <a href="https://www.vlaanderen.be/datavindplaats/catalogus/landbouwgebruikspercelen-lv-2021">https://www.vlaanderen.be/datavindplaats/catalogus/landbouwgebruikspercelen-lv-2021</a>) and rasterising them.</li> <li>Rainfall intensity measurements were extracted from <a href="http://waterinfo.be">waterinfo.be</a> for the station with name "Niel-bij-St.-Truiden_P", number "01P09_012", and coordinates (LAT/LON) "50.7378581908062/5.14225742349451".</li> <li>Discharge measurements were extracted from <a href="http://waterinfo.be">waterinfo.be</a> for the discharge station with name "Gingelom/Heulegracht" and number "LS09_15F".</li> </ul> The scripts.zip file contains the scripts used to process the data. The Output.zip file contains the output files created by the scripts while making use of the Python-based Landlab model environment (<a href="https://landlab.github.io/#/">https://landlab.github.io/#/</a>)   This research was funded by Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (FWO), grant number 1SB6821N.

opencc-zeroApr 2023View details →

Community reorganization stabilizes freshwater ecosystems in intensively managed agricultural fields

<ol> <li>Sustainable intensification may depend on associating precision farming with the harnessing of ecological principles in crop fields and with integrating farms and non-farmed land in productive landscapes. Small wetlands could play an important role in both pursuits for having high per-unit-area rates of element cycling and species richness while deeply penetrating crop fields. However, their potential for ecosystem service provisioning is unlikely to be met if land management intensification promotes ecosystem destabilization in biomass production. </li> <li>We tested the consequences of land use intensification on various dimensions of freshwater ecosystem stability by means of a large-scale field experiment converting extensive pastures to intensive pastures and sugarcane plantations in Southeastern Brazil. Nested within experimental plots were 4,000-L mesocosms simulating ponds and puddles commonly found in productive landscapes. Mesocosms were monitored for basic physico-chemical parameters, nutrients, pesticides, phytoplankton standing crop, and the spontaneously colonizing biodiversity.</li> <li>3. Despite severe environmental change, the stability of sugarcane communities was no different from that of extensive and intensive pastures. This occurred because the local extinction of a sensitive top dragonfly predator following the application of vinasse and insecticide was compensated by colonization of a suite of more tolerant invertebrate mesopredators such as beetles and bugs. Community stability tended to increase with biomass asynchrony and species richness, evidencing a portfolio effect of biodiversity. Unfortunately, the species richness necessary to stabilize biomass production is unlikely to be available in many sugarcane fields and several other row crops.</li> <li> Synthesis and applications. Ponds and puddles could be effective centers of irradiation of ecosystem service provisioning in agricultural fields in terms of pest control; nutrient accumulation, cycling, and export back to fields; and habitat and stepping stones for freshwater biodiversity. However, the impoverished biodiversity that results from a combination of harsh local conditions and spatial isolation renders pond communities inherently unstable. Given the unlikely, immediate reduction in agrochemical use in much of the intensively managed crop area, a combination of large, protected source wetlands at the margin of fields and small constructed or naturally forming ponds and puddles in plantations could contribute to sustainable intensification.</li> </ol>

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2023View details →

Input-Output Global Hybrid Analysis of Agricultural Primary Production (IO-GHAAP) Database

A commonly used method to examine the relationship between global water consumption and production is input--output analysis. However, between approximately 70% and 90% of freshwater consumption occurs in agricultural primary production, which is often represented by only a small percentage of the total number of sectors in input-output databases. In addition, the assessment of the impact of water consumption is usually carried out at the national level. Therefore, the primary objective of the Input-Output Global Hybrid Analysis of Agricultural Primary Production (IO-GHAAP) approach was to improve assessments of water use and its impacts in input-output analysis. To achieve this objective, a global spatial model of agricultural primary production MapSPAM (IFPRI, 2019) was integrated into the existing input-output database GLORIA (Lenzen et al., 2017, 2021) via prorating. The resulting IO-GHAAPP approach includes (1) a disaggregated input-output database and novel environmental extensions for freshwater consumption and scarcity. The IO-GHAAPP database consists of 150 categories and 164 regions, resulting in a total of 24,600 region-category combinations. Forty-two of the categories are dedicated to agricultural primary production (28%). In comparison, the source input--output data consist of 120 categories and 164 regions, resulting in a total of 19,680 region-category combinations, of which 14 are dedicated to agricultural primary production (12%).   Please cite as: Bunsen, Jonas, Vlad Coroamă, and Matthias Finkbeiner. 2023. ‘Input-Output Global Hybrid Analysis of Agricultural Primary Production (IO-GHAAPP) Database’. Sustainability 15 (2). <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/su15129351">https://doi.org/10.3390/su15129351</a>.   References: <ul> <li>IFPRI. 2019. ‘Global Spatially-Disaggregated Crop Production Statistics Data for 2010 Version 2.0’. Harvard Dataverse. <a href="https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/PRFF8V">https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/PRFF8V</a>.</li> <li>Lenzen, Manfred, Arne Geschke, Muhammad Daaniyall Abd Rahman, Yanyan Xiao, Jacob Fry, Rachel Reyes, Erik Dietzenbacher, et al. 2017. ‘The Global MRIO Lab - Charting the World Economy’. Economic Systems Research 29 (2): 158–86. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/09535314.2017.1301887">https://doi.org/10.1080/09535314.2017.1301887</a>.</li> <li>Lenzen, Manfred, Arne Geschke, James West, Jacob Fry, Arunima Malik, Stefan Giljum, Llorenç Milà i Canals, et al. 2021. ‘Implementing the Material Footprint to Measure Progress towards Sustainable Development Goals 8 and 12’. Nature Sustainability, December. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-021-00811-6">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-021-00811-6</a>.</li> </ul>

opencc-zeroMay 2023View details →

Datasets and analysis for: Microclimatic buffering in forest, agricultural and urban landscapes through the lens of a grass-feeding insect

Using this dataset, we aimed to identify the microclimatic offsets that accurately represent the environment in which a small arthropod spends most of its life. As a case study, we selected grassy sites that corresponded to the microhabitat of grass-feeding insects in general, and larvae of the butterfly Pararge aegeria in particular, as this insect recently expanded its habitat use from forest (edges) to agricultural and urban environments. We tested to what extent local microclimates and microclimatic buffering capacity differed between tufts of grass in forest and in two anthropogenic (i.e. agricultural and urban) landscape settings by measuring microclimatic variables with sensors at the level of the grasses. We compared temperature, relative humidity and vapour pressure deficit (VPD) during an exceptionally warm and dry summer period with parallel data from weather stations and tested for differences between microclimatic profiles among the three landscape settings. Using this approach, our findings stress the functional implications of landscape-specific microclimatic profiles at the appropriate organism-centred scale.

opencc-by-4.0May 2023View details →

Unaccounted N2O source to the atmosphere from agriculture through groundwater denitrification and use for irrigation

Nitrous oxide (N2O), a potent greenhouse gas, is produced in cultivated soils and this production is enhanced by the application of reactive nitrogen in the form of fertilizers. Part of fertilizers applied is not taken up by crops, leading to their accumulation in the groundwater where they can evolve into N2O through nitrification/denitrification. Based on chemical and isotopic measurements of nitrate (NO3-) and N2O in Indian groundwater, we report for the first-time evidence for the widespread occurrence of denitrified NO3- and of high concentrations of N2O (>2000% of saturation). The accumulation of N2O is high in regions where groundwater is intensely abstracted for irrigation, releasing this accumulated N2O into the atmosphere. Using annual mean groundwater abstraction for irrigation in India, which is the highest in the globe, we estimated that 0.06 to 20 GgN2O/y is effluxed to the atmosphere, which adds 0.1 to 20% of the N2O flux emitted by agricultural soils in India.  This so far unidentified source around the globe may thus contribute significantly to the imbalance in the global N2O budget.

opencc-by-4.0Feb 2023View details →

Supplemental Data File for Resetting Archaeological Interpretations of Pre-Contact Indigenous Agriculture: Maize Isotopic Evidence from Three Ancestral Mohawk Iroquoian Villages

Supplemental data tables for the paper "Resetting Archaeological Interpretations of Pre-Contact Indigenous Agriculture:  Maize Isotopic Evidence from Three Ancestral Mohawk Iroquoian Villages"  revised manuscript submitted for peer review.

opencc-zeroMay 2023View details →

Data from: Phenotypic clines in herbivore resistance and reproductive traits in wild plants along an agricultural gradient

The conversion of natural landscapes to agriculture is a leading cause of biodiversity loss worldwide. While many studies examine how landscape modification affects species diversity, a trait-based approach can provide new insights into species responses to environmental change. Wild plants persisting in heavily modified landscapes provide a unique opportunity to examine species' responses to land use change. Trait expression within a community plays an important role in structuring species interactions, highlighting the potential implications of landscape mediated trait changes on ecosystem functioning. Here we test the effect of increasing agricultural landscape modification on defensive and reproductive traits in three commonly occurring Brassicaceae species to evaluate plant responses to landscape change. We collected seeds from populations at spatially separated sites with variation in surrounding agricultural land cover and grew them in a greenhouse common garden, measuring defensive traits through an herbivore no-choice bioassay as well as reproductive traits such as flower size and seed set. In two of the three species, plants originating from agriculturally dominant landscapes expressed a consistent reduction in flower size and herbivore leaf consumption. One species also showed reduced fitness associated with increasingly agricultural landscapes. These findings suggest that wild plants are responding to landscape modification, highlighting that species diversity alone does not fully capture the effects of land use change.

opencc-by-4.0May 2023View details →

Dataset of manuscript "No detectable upper limit of mineral associated carbon in temperate agricultural soils"

Dataset of carbon fractions (mineral associated organic carbon and particulate organic carbon) detected in a subset of topsoil samples of the first German Agricultural Soil Inventory.

opencc-by-4.0May 2023View details →

Data from: Nesting and interaction of stingless bees (Apidae: Meliponini) in herbaceous plants in the Agricultural Campus of the School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences of UNAN-Leon, Nicaragua

En este estudio se determinó la riqueza, abundancia, densidad y distribución geográfica de nidos de abejas sin aguijón en el Campus Agropecuario de la UNAN-León, de igual manera se determinó la interacción de abejas sin aguijón en plantas en floración. Asimismo, se identificaron los sustratos de anidación, se revisaron todos los árboles e infraestructura del Campus Agropecuario y se muestrearon las arvenses y arbusto en floración entre los meses de abril a octubre del 2022.