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6,861 results for “Animals”
2021 daily Mediterranean SST animation
<p>Animation of Mediterranean SST for 2021. Data from GHRSST Level 4 MUR Global Foundation Sea Surface Temperature Analysis (v4.1) at 0.01-degree resolution.</p>
Changes in the structure of seed dispersal networks when including interaction outcomes from both plant and animal perspectives
<p>Interaction frequency is the most common currency in quantitative ecological networks, although interaction quality can also affect benefits provided by mutualisms. Here, we evaluate if interaction quality can modify network topology, species' role and whether such changes affect community vulnerability to species loss. We use a well-examined study system (bird-lizard and fleshy-fruited plants in the 'thermophilous' woodland of the Canary Islands) to compare network and species-level metrics from a network based on fruit consumption rates (Interaction Frequency, IF), against networks reflecting functional outcomes: a Seed Dispersal Effectiveness network (SDE) quantifying recruitment, and a Fruit Resource Provisioning network (FRP), accounting for the nutrient supply of fruits. Nestedness decreased in the FRP and the SDE networks, due to the lack of association between fruit consumption rates and (1) nutrient content, and (2) recruitment at the seed deposition sites, respectively. The FRP network showed lower niche overlap due to resource use complementarity among frugivores. Interaction evenness was lower in the SDE network, in response to a higher dominance of lizards in the recruitment of heliophilous species. Such changes, however, did not result in enhanced vulnerability against extinctions. At the plant species level, strength changed in the FRP network in frequently consumed or highly nutritious species. The number of effective partners decreased for species whose seeds were deposited in unsuitable places for recruitment. In frugivores, strength was consistent across networks (SDE vs IF), showing that consumption rates outweighed differences in dispersal quality. In the case of lizards, the increased importance of nutrient-rich species resulted in a higher number of effective partners.</p> <p>Our work shows that although frequency strongly impacts interaction effects, accounting for quality improves our inferences about interaction assembly and species role. Thus, future studies including interaction outcomes from both partners' perspectives will provide valuable insights about the net effects of mutualistic interactions.</p>
Characterization of the peripheral FAAH inhibitor, URB937, in animal models of acute and chronic migraine
<p>This dataset comprises the findings obtained in the study aimed at investigating the effects of URB937, a peripherally restricted fatty-acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) inhibitor, in two rat models that capture aspects of acute and chronic migraine, and are based on single or repeated administration of the vasodilating drug, nitroglycerin (NTG). The orofacial nocifensive behavior and mRNA levels of neuropeptides and pro-inflammatory cytokines along with tissue levels of anandamide and palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) were measured in trigeminal ganglia and medulla.</p> <p>All evaluations were made in rats that received a single injection of URB937 (1 mg/kg i.p.) either before or after NTG administration (10 mg/kg, i.p.) within the acute model, or daily URB937 (1 mg/kg i.p.) injections within the NTG (5 mg/kg, i.p.) chronic model. In the acute migraine model, we also investigated the effect of subtype-selective antagonist for cannabinoid receptors 1 and 2 (AM251 and AM630, respectively). Specifically, we achieved the following evaluations:</p> <p>1. Measurement of AEA and PEA levels: medulla and trigeminal ganglia were homogenized in cold methanol (2 ml) containing AEA-d4 and PEA-d4 as internal standards. After extraction the lipids were measured using a Xevo TQ UPLC-MS/MS system equipped with a reversed-phase BEH C18 column (2.1 × 50 mm, 1.7 μm particle size) (Waters, Milford, USA).</p> <p>2. Pain-related behavior in the orofacial formalin test: the face rubbing was measured counting the seconds the animal spent grooming the injected area (upper lip, lateral to the nose) with the ipsilateral forepaw or hindpaw 0–6 min (Phase I) or 12–45 min (Phase II) after formalin injection (50 µl, s.c.). The observation time was divided into 15 blocks of 3 min each.</p> <p>3. mRNA expression levels: calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) mRNA were evaluated in in medulla and trigeminal ganglia. mRNA levels were measured by rt-PCR. All samples were assayed in triplicate and gene expression levels were calculated according to 2−∆∆Ct = 2− (∆Ct gene − ∆Ct housekeeping gene) formula by using Ct (cycle threshold) values.</p>
Improving estimations of life history parameters of small animals in mesocosm experiments: A case study on mosquitoes
<p>We used an experimental setup with 48 aquatic mesocosms, each with twenty first instar mosquito (<em>Culex pipiens</em>) larvae and under one of twelve treatments with varying temperatures and nutrient concentrations. We took daily subsamples of the aquatic life stages as well as counting the emerging adults. We developed a method to estimate the survival and development probabilities at each life stage, based on optimising a matrix population model. We used two different approaches, one calculating the difference between predictions and observations based on a normal distribution, and the other using a combination of a normal and a multinomial distribution. For each approach, the resulting optimisation problem had around 100 parameters, making conventional gradient descent ineffective with our limited number of data points. We solved this by computing the formal derivatives of our matrix model.</p>
Raw Data for the article: Atrial Septostomy for Left Ventricular Unloading During Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Cardiogenic Shock: Animal Model
<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aim of this study was to quantify and understand the unloading effect of percutaneous balloon atrial septostomy (BAS) in acute cardiogenic shock (CS) treated with venoarterial (VA) extracorporeal membranous oxygenation (ECMO).</p> <p><strong>Background: </strong>In CS treated with VA ECMO, increased left ventricular (LV) afterload is observed that commonly interferes with myocardial recovery or even promotes further LV deterioration. Several techniques for LV unloading exist, but the optimal strategy and the actual extent of such procedures have not been fully disclosed.</p> <p><strong>Methods: </strong>In a porcine model (n = 11; weight 56 kg [53-58 kg]), CS was induced by coronary artery balloon occlusion (57 minutes [53-64 minutes]). Then, a step-up VA ECMO protocol (40-80 mL/kg/min) was run before and after percutaneous BAS was performed. LV pressure-volume loops and multiple hemoglobin saturation data were evaluated. The Wilcoxon rank sum test was used to assess individual variable differences.</p> <p><strong>Results: </strong>Immediately after BAS while on VA ECMO support, LV work decreased significantly: pressure-volume area, end-diastolic pressure, and stroke volume to ∼78% and end-systolic pressure to ∼86%, while superior vena cava and tissue oximetry did not change. During elevating VA ECMO support (40-80 mL/kg/min) with BAS vs without BAS, we observed 1) significantly less mechanical work increase (122% vs 172%); 2) no end-diastolic volume increase (100% vs 111%); and 3) a considerable increase in end-systolic pressure (134% vs 144%).</p> <p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In acute CS supported by VA ECMO, atrial septostomy is an effective LV unloading tool. LV pressure is a key component of LV work load, so whenever LV work reduction is a priority, arterial pressure should carefully be titrated low while maintaining organ perfusion.</p>
Identifying potential cues of species identity in complex animal signals
<p>Communication signals are often key for encoding information on species identity, but determining the features important in conveying those cues is challenging. This is especially the case when attempting to compare across closely related sympatric taxa, where the need for accurate species recognition is critical. We developed an analytical framework to comprehensively quantify the complex movement displays used by male lizards to advertise territory ownership in 11 taxa of Puerto Rican <em>Anolis</em>, many of which were sympatric. Our analyses were able to assign the majority of individuals to the correct population of a given species based on only a handful of displays, showing ample information exists in these displays for species recognition. Instances where lizards were misassigned appeared to have occurred because of similarities in display design resulting from local adaptation to similar environments or recent shared evolutionary history. Our analyses also revealed there was no common ('magic') display characteristic for recognition across the 11 taxa. Instead, lizards likely assess the entire display or a combination of different display cues. Taken together, we illustrate a powerful approach that offers a rigorous statistical and holistic evaluation of complex animal signals for elucidating features likely to be important in species recognition. We provide a guide for implementing this analytical framework in R, with associated code and worked examples. Information obtained from these analyses can then be used to design experiments testing the utility of identifying cues or comparative studies investigating how those cues contribute to reproductive isolation among populations and ultimately speciation.</p>
Genomic, transcriptomic and proteomic comparison of MRSA CC398 isolates collected from human and wild animal samples (Genome assembly and annotation dataset)
<p>This dataset includes the assembled contigs (.fasta and .gbk files), the nucleotide sequences of the prediction transcripts (CDS, rRNA, tRNA, tmRNA, misc_RNA) (.ffn files) and the respective amino acid sequences of the translated CDS sequences (.faa files) for the following methicillin-resistant <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> (MRSA) strains: MRSA CC398 isolates recovered from humans, namely C5621 and C9017, and from a wild boar, namely OR418.</p> <p>All raw sequence reads used in this study were deposited in the European Nucleotide Archive (ENA) (BioProject PRJEB35102).</p>
Animation of Spin Up 3rd Eigenvector for 2-D Simple Harmonic Oscillator Potential (MP4)
<p>MP4 video animation of 3rd Eigenvector for a 2-D SHO potential. This animation accompanies the paper "Real Wave Quantum Mechanics: Solutions for 2-D Simple Harmonic Potential Well". The animation shows the repeated multiplication of the Eigenvector by the (complex) normalized eigenvalue. The magnitude of the FRs are unchanged but their phase drifts in the same direction as the FR spin.</p>
Animation of 13th Eigenstructure (Spin Down) for Simple Harmonic Oscillator Potential (MP4)
<p>MP4 video animation of 13th Eigenvector for a 2-D SHO potential. This animation accompanies the paper "Real Wave Quantum Mechanics: Solutions for 2-D Simple Harmonic Potential Well". The animation shows the repeated multiplication of the Eigenvector by the (complex) normalized eigenvalue. The magnitude of the FRs are unchanged but their phase drifts in the same direction as the FR spin.<br> </p>
Predation risk can modify the foraging behaviour of frugivorous carnivores: implications of rewilding apex predators for plant-animal mutualisms
<p>Apex predators play key roles in food webs and their recovery can trigger trophic cascades in some ecosystems. Intra-guild competition can reduce the abundances of smaller predators and perceived predation risk can alter their foraging behaviour thereby limiting seed dispersal by frugivorous carnivores. However, little is known about how plant-frugivore mutualism could be disturbed in the presence of larger predators.</p> <p>We evaluated the top-down effect of the regional superpredator, the Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus), on the number of visits and fruits consumed by medium-sized frugivorous carnivores, as well as the foraging behaviour of identified individuals, by examining the consumption likelihood and the foraging time.</p> <p>We carried out a field experiment in which we placed Iberian pear (Pyrus bourgaeana) fruits beneath fruiting trees and monitored pear removal by frugivorous carnivores, both inside and outside of lynx ranges. Using camera traps, we recorded the presence of the red fox (Vulpes vulpes), the Eurasian badger (Meles meles) and the stone marten (Martes foina), as well as the number of fruits they consumed and their time spent foraging.</p> <p>Red fox was the most frequent fruit consumer carnivore. We found there were fewer visits and less fruit consumed by foxes inside of lynx ranges, but lynx presence did not seem to affect badgers. We did not observe any stone marten visits inside of lynx territories. The foraging behaviour of red foxes was also altered when inside of lynx ranges whereby foxes were less efficient, consuming less fruit per unit of time and having shorter visits. Local availability of fruit resources, forest coverage and individual personality also were important variables to understand visitation and foraging in a landscape of fear. 5. Our results show a potential trophic cascade from apex predators to primary producers. The presence of lynx can reduce frugivorous carnivore numbers and induce shifts in their feeding behaviour that may modify the seed dispersal patterns with likely consequences for the demography of many fleshy-fruited plant species. We conclude that knowledge of the ecological interactions making up trophic webs is anasset to design effective conservation strategies, particularly in rewilding programs.</p>
Antimicrobial resistance monitoring results complementing the European Union Summary Report on Antimicrobial Resistance in zoonotic and indicator bacteria from humans, animals and food in 2019/2020 – Albania
<p>This dataset contains AMR monitoring results in animals and food at the isolate level pursuant to Article 9 of Directive 2003/99/EC and to Annex, part B, of Commission implementing Decision 2013/652/EU. In addition, the dataset includes any other results from isolates than the ones mentioned in the Commission implementing Decision 2013/652/EU. The quantitative minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) data from dilution methods are included.</p> <p>Reporting authorities contributing to 2020 AMR data collection: Institute of Food Safety and Veterinary</p>
Antimicrobial resistance monitoring results complementing the European Union Summary Report on Antimicrobial Resistance in zoonotic and indicator bacteria from humans, animals and food in 2019/2020 – Estonia
<p>This dataset contains AMR monitoring results in animals and food at the isolate level pursuant to Article 9 of Directive 2003/99/EC and to Annex, part B, of Commission implementing Decision 2013/652/EU. In addition, the dataset includes any other results from isolates than the ones mentioned in the Commission implementing Decision 2013/652/EU. The quantitative minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) data from dilution methods are included.</p> <p>Reporting authorities contributing to 2020 AMR data collection: Veterinary and Food Board</p>
Antimicrobial resistance monitoring results complementing the European Union Summary Report on Antimicrobial Resistance in zoonotic and indicator bacteria from humans, animals and food in 2019/2020 – Finland
<p>This dataset contains AMR monitoring results in animals and food at the isolate level pursuant to Article 9 of Directive 2003/99/EC and to Annex, part B, of Commission implementing Decision 2013/652/EU. In addition, the dataset includes any other results from isolates than the ones mentioned in the Commission implementing Decision 2013/652/EU. The quantitative minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) data from dilution methods are included.</p> <p>Reporting authorities contributing to 2020 AMR data collection: Finnish Food Authority</p>
European Union Summary Report on Antimicrobial Resistance in Zoonotic and Indicator Bacteria from Humans, Animals and Food in 2019/2020
<p>All tables produced for the European Union Summary Report on Antimicrobial Resistance in Zoonotic and Indicator Bacteria from Humans, Animals and Food in 2020:</p> <p>- Campylobacter</p> <p>- E. coli</p> <p>- MRSA</p> <p>- Salmonella</p> <p>- ESBL</p> <p>Annexes A to E are also included:</p> <p>Annexes A to E are also included.</p> <p>Annex A – Data reported on antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella <em>spp</em>.</p> <p>Annex B – Data reported on antimicrobial resistance in Campylobacter <em>spp</em>.</p> <p>Annex C – Data reported on AMR in indicator Escherichia coli from food-producing animals and derived meat</p> <p>Annex D – Data on presumptive ESBL-, AmpC- and/or carbapenemase-producing microorganisms and their resistance occurrence (routine and specific monitorings)</p> <p>Annex E – Data reported on antimicrobial resistance in MRSA from food-producing animals and derived meat</p>
Antimicrobial resistance monitoring results complementing the European Union Summary Report on Antimicrobial Resistance in zoonotic and indicator bacteria from humans, animals and food in 2019/2020 – Bulgaria
<p>This dataset contains AMR monitoring results in animals and food at the isolate level pursuant to Article 9 of Directive 2003/99/EC and to Annex, part B, of Commission implementing Decision 2013/652/EU. In addition, the dataset includes any other results from isolates than the ones mentioned in the Commission implementing Decision 2013/652/EU. The quantitative minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) data from dilution methods are included.</p> <p>Reporting authorities contributing to 2020 AMR data collection: Risk Assessment Center on Food Chain</p>
Antimicrobial resistance monitoring results complementing the European Union Summary Report on Antimicrobial Resistance in zoonotic and indicator bacteria from humans, animals and food in 2019/2020 – Greece
<p>This dataset contains AMR monitoring results in animals and food at the isolate level pursuant to Article 9 of Directive 2003/99/EC and to Annex, part B, of Commission implementing Decision 2013/652/EU. In addition, the dataset includes any other results from isolates than the ones mentioned in the Commission implementing Decision 2013/652/EU. The quantitative minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) data from dilution methods are included.</p> <p>Reporting authorities contributing to 2020 AMR data collection: Ministry of Rural Development and Food</p>
Antimicrobial resistance monitoring results complementing the European Union Summary Report on Antimicrobial Resistance in zoonotic and indicator bacteria from humans, animals and food in 2019/2020 – Germany
<p>This dataset contains AMR monitoring results in animals and food at the isolate level pursuant to Article 9 of Directive 2003/99/EC and to Annex, part B, of Commission implementing Decision 2013/652/EU. In addition, the dataset includes any other results from isolates than the ones mentioned in the Commission implementing Decision 2013/652/EU. The quantitative minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) data from dilution methods are included.</p> <p>Reporting authorities contributing to 2020 AMR data collection: Federal Institute for Risk Assessment</p>
Antimicrobial resistance monitoring results complementing the European Union Summary Report on Antimicrobial Resistance in zoonotic and indicator bacteria from humans, animals and food in 2019/2020 – Cyprus
<p>This dataset contains AMR monitoring results in animals and food at the isolate level pursuant to Article 9 of Directive 2003/99/EC and to Annex, part B, of Commission implementing Decision 2013/652/EU. In addition, the dataset includes any other results from isolates than the ones mentioned in the Commission implementing Decision 2013/652/EU. The quantitative minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) data from dilution methods are included.</p> <p>Reporting authorities contributing to 2020 AMR data collection: Ministry of Agriculture, Rural Development and Environment</p>
Antimicrobial resistance monitoring results complementing the European Union Summary Report on Antimicrobial Resistance in zoonotic and indicator bacteria from humans, animals and food in 2019/2020 – Spain
<p>This dataset contains AMR monitoring results in animals and food at the isolate level pursuant to Article 9 of Directive 2003/99/EC and to Annex, part B, of Commission implementing Decision 2013/652/EU. In addition, the dataset includes any other results from isolates than the ones mentioned in the Commission implementing Decision 2013/652/EU. The quantitative minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) data from dilution methods are included.</p> <p>Reporting authorities contributing to 2020 AMR data collection: Agencia Española de Consumo, Seguridad Alimentaria y Nutrición; Ministerio de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentación</p>
Antimicrobial resistance monitoring results complementing the European Union Summary Report on Antimicrobial Resistance in zoonotic and indicator bacteria from humans, animals and food in 2019/2020 – Czechia
<p>This dataset contains AMR monitoring results in animals and food at the isolate level pursuant to Article 9 of Directive 2003/99/EC and to Annex, part B, of Commission implementing Decision 2013/652/EU. In addition, the dataset includes any other results from isolates than the ones mentioned in the Commission implementing Decision 2013/652/EU. The quantitative minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) data from dilution methods are included.</p> <p>Reporting authorities contributing to 2020 AMR data collection: State Veterinary Administration</p>
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.