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5,371 results for “Flow”
Five-minute average horizontal wind velocity data combined from both sensors (which has been corrected for air-flow distortion) from the Antarctic Circumnavigation Expedition (ACE) 2016/2017 legs 0 to 4.
<p><strong>Dataset abstract</strong></p> <p>The horizontal wind velocity data from the Antarctic Circumnavigation Expedition (ACE) 2016/2017 legs 0 to 4 has been corrected for air-flow distortion. The measurements from both the port and starboad side anemometer were averaged to five-minute resolution and have been combined via vector averaging of the data. The ten meter neutral wind speed (U10N) has been estimated using ERA-5 surface heat fluxes, which were interpolated onto the ship's track, and the COARE 3.5 drag coefficient. This data set provides a continous and high-resolution record of the wind speed and direction near to the ship's location.</p> <p><strong>Dataset contents</strong></p> <ul> <li>wind-observations-port-stbd-corrected-combined-5min-legs0-4.csv, data file, comma-separated values</li> <li>data_file_header, metadata, text format</li> <li>README.txt, metadata, text format</li> </ul> <p><strong>Dataset license</strong></p> <p>This five-minute averaged wind velocity dataset is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0) whose full text can be found at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</p>
Air-flow distortion bias factors of the port and starboard anemometers of the Akademik Tryoshnikov estimated during the Antarctic Circumnavigation Expedition (ACE) legs 0-4 undertaken during the austral summer of 2016/2017.
<p><strong>Dataset abstract</strong></p> <p>This data set contains the air-flow distortion bias factors of the port and starboard anemometers of the Akademik Tryoshnikov estimated during the Antarctic Circumnavigation Expedition (ACE) legs 0-4 undertaken during the austral summer of 2016/2017. The data are provided over overlapping wind direction secotors of 5(10) degree width stepped by 1(2) degrees relative wind direction. These bias factors can be used to correct the observed wind speeds for air-flow distortion on a sample by sample basis. For details see Landwehr et al. (2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2019-366).</p> <p><strong>Dataset contents</strong></p> <ul> <li>flow_distortion_bias_sensor1.csv, data file, comma-separated values</li> <li>flow_distortion_bias_sensor2.csv, data file, comma-separated values</li> <li>data_file_header, metadata, text format</li> <li>README.txt, metadata, text format</li> </ul> <p><strong>Dataset license</strong></p> <p>This dataset of air-flow distortion factors is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0) whose full text can be found at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</p>
One-minute average horizontal wind velocity data (which has been corrected for air-flow distortion) from the Antarctic Circumnavigation Expedition (ACE) 2016/2017 legs 0 to 4.
<p><strong>Dataset abstract</strong></p> <p>One-minute average horizontal wind velocity data from the Antarctic Circumnavigation Expedition (ACE) 2016/2017 legs 0 to 4. The data has been filtered for spurious observations and the true wind correction has been redone using the quality checked one-minute ship track velocity data. The data has been corrected for air-flow distortion, which was caused by the ship's super structure.</p> <p><strong>Dataset contents</strong></p> <ul> <li>wind-observations-stbd-corrected-1min-legs0-4.csv, data file, comma-separated values</li> <li>wind-observations-port-corrected-1min-legs0-4.csv, data file, comma-separated values</li> <li>data_file_header, metadata, text format</li> <li>README.txt, metadata, text format</li> </ul> <p><strong>Dataset license</strong></p> <p>This one-minute averaged wind velocity dataset is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0) whose full text can be found at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</p>
MarTREC Data Set for Report: Developing and Applying an Analysis Methodology to Identify Flow Generation Influences between Vessel and Truck Shipments
<p>Truck activity is logically connected to vessel activity at a port. In turn, vessel activity is also influenced by truck shipments. Although one might expect a direct and straightforward relation between these two types of shipments, that is rarely the case. For instance, many maritime containers carry consolidated cargos that have multiple and different final destinations. Also, different truck capacities, customs clearance and regulations play a critical role in determining the actual relation between these two types of shipments. This project aims at shedding light on the nuances of maritime and roadway flow relations by quantitatively analyzing the linkages between these two types of shipments.</p> <p>The study performed a statistical analysis to determine the probability distributions of vessel and truck activity, and then explore the correlation of each activity with the other. The analysis yielded coefficients that function as explanatory values for specific truck flows.</p> <p>The ultimate purpose of this study is to provide a clearer and quantitative understanding of the relationship between maritime and truck shipments, and by doing so, to provide tools to develop a system for managing trucks that maximizes efficiency for industry, while minimizing industry’s negative impacts on a region.</p> <p>For this purpose, the study selected the Port Freeport as a case study.</p>
Flow of Agricultural Nitrogen, version 2 (FANv2): Model input and output data
<p>This upload includes data associated with the manuscript "An improved mechanistic model for ammonia volatilization in Earth system models: Flow of Agricultural Nitrogen, version 2 (FANv2)" submitted to Geoscientific Model Development. The dataset includes an input file for use with the Community Land Model, and an output file with the simulated ammonia emissions for the agricultural sector. The emissions are monthly averages from the simulation for 2010-2015. Additional information is given in the readme file.</p>
Deep_Statistical_Solvers_-_AC_Power_Flow_14
<p>Dataset for the training and testing of Deep Statistical Solvers</p> <p>AC power flow problem on the IEEE case14 power grid and snapshots from the L2RPN competition</p>
Along-shelf connectivity and circumpolar gene flow in Antarctic silverfish (Pleuragramma antarctica)
<p>The Antarctic silverfish (<em>Pleuragramma antarctica</em>) is a critically important forage species with a circumpolar distribution and is unique among other notothenioid species for its wholly pelagic life cycle. Previous studies have provided mixed evidence of population structure over regional and circumpolar scales. The aim of the present study was to test the recent population hypothesis for Antarctic silverfish, which emphasizes the interplay between life history and hydrography in shaping connectivity. A total of 1067 individuals were collected over 25 years from different locations on a circumpolar scale. Samples were genotyped at fifteen microsatellites to assess population differentiation and genetic structuring using clustering methods, <em>F</em>-statistics, and hierarchical analysis of variance. A lack of differentiation was found between locations connected by the Antarctic Slope Front Current (ASF), indicative of high levels of gene flow. However, gene flow was significantly reduced at the South Orkney Islands and the western Antarctic Peninsula where the ASF is absent. This pattern of gene flow emphasized the relevance of large-scale circulation as a mechanism for circumpolar connectivity. Chaotic genetic patchiness characterized population structure over time, with varying patterns of differentiation observed between years, accompanied by heterogeneous standard length distributions. The present study supports a more nuanced version of the genetic panmixia hypothesis that reflects physical-biological interactions over the life history.</p>
Supplementary videos for "Active flow network generates molecular transport by packets: case of the endoplasmic reticulum"
<p>Videos showing simulated motion on the active flow network for different switching timescales. In particular, compare <span class="math-tex">\(\tau_{\text{switch}} = 3 \text{ s}\)</span> to <span class="math-tex">\(\tau_{\text{switch}} = 30 \text{ ms}\)</span>. The red bubbles are proportional to the number of particles present in a node. Initially, all particles are placed in a central source node.</p>
Data from: Low coverage genomic data resolve the population divergence and gene flow history of an Australian rain forest fig wasp
Population divergence and gene flow are key processes in evolution and ecology. Model-based analysis of genome-wide datasets allows discrimination between alternative scenarios for these processes even in non-model taxa. We used two complementary approaches (one based on the blockwise site frequency spectrum (bSFS), the second on the Pairwise Sequentially Markovian Coalescent (PSMC)) to infer the divergence history of a fig wasp, Pleistodontes nigriventris. Pleistodontes nigriventris and its fig tree mutualist Ficus watkinsiana are restricted to rain forest patches along the eastern coast of Australia, and are separated into northern and southern populations by two dry forest corridors (the Burdekin and St. Lawrence Gaps). We generated whole genome sequence data for two haploid males per population and used the bSFS approach to infer the timing of divergence between northern and southern populations of P. nigriventris, and to discriminate between alternative isolation with migration (IM) and instantaneous admixture (ADM) models of post divergence gene flow. Pleistodontes nigriventris has low genetic diversity (π = 0.0008), to our knowledge one of the lowest estimates reported for a sexually reproducing arthropod. We find strongest support for an ADM model in which the two populations diverged ca. 196kya in the late Pleistocene, with almost 25% of northern lineages introduced from the south during an admixture event ca. 57kya. This divergence history is highly concordant with individual population demographies inferred from each pair of haploid males using PSMC. Our analysis illustrates the inferences possible with genome-level data for small population samples of tiny, non-model organisms and adds to a growing body of knowledge on the population structure of Australian rain forest taxa.
Data from: Assortative mating, sexual selection and their consequences for gene flow in Littorina
When divergent populations are connected by gene flow, the establishment of complete reproductive isolation usually requires the joint action of multiple barrier effects. One example where multiple barrier effects are coupled consists of a single trait that is under divergent natural selection and also mediates assortative mating. Such multiple-effect traits can strongly reduce gene flow. However, there are few cases where patterns of assortative mating have been described quantitatively and their impact on gene flow has been determined. Two ecotypes of the coastal marine snail, <i>Littorina saxatilis</i>, occur in North Atlantic rocky-shore habitats dominated by either crab predation or wave action. There is evidence for divergent natural selection acting on size, and size-assortative mating has previously been documented. Here, we analyze the mating pattern in <i>L. saxatilis</i> with respect to size in intensively-sampled transects across boundaries between the habitats. We show that the mating pattern is mostly conserved between ecotypes and that it generates both assortment and directional sexual selection for small male size. Using simulations, we show that the mating pattern can contribute to reproductive isolation between ecotypes but the barrier to gene flow is likely strengthened more by sexual selection than by assortment.
Flow Magnetic Tweezers: Gyrase dynamics under 3 different external torque conditions. Part 1/3
<p>The video contains a whole field from a force spectroscopy experiment called Flow Magnetic Tweezers (FMT). It shows E. coli DNA Gyrase manipulating DNA topology by relaxing positive and introducing negative coils as well as response of gyrase to external torque of 2, 4 and 8 positive magnet turns. Part 1/3</p>
Flow Magnetic Tweezers: Gyrase dynamics under 3 different external torque conditions. Part 3/3
<p>The video contains a whole field from a force spectroscopy experiment called Flow Magnetic Tweezers (FMT). It shows E. coli DNA Gyrase manipulating DNA topology by relaxing positive and introducing negative coils as well as response of gyrase to external torque of 2, 4 and 8 positive magnet turns. Part 3/3</p>
Flow Magnetic Tweezers: Gyrase dynamics in presence of 20 uM drug Ciprofloxacin
<p>The video contains a whole field from a force spectroscopy experiment called Flow Magnetic Tweezers (FMT). It shows E. coli DNA Gyrase manipulating DNA topology by relaxing positive and introducing negative coils in presence of 20 uM of Ciprofloxacin, reaction of Gyrase to external torque and eventual wash with SDS.</p>
Flow Magnetic Tweezers: Gyrase dynamics under 3 different external torque conditions. Part 2/3
<p>The video contains a whole field from a force spectroscopy experiment called Flow Magnetic Tweezers (FMT). It shows E. coli DNA Gyrase manipulating DNA topology by relaxing positive and introducing negative coils as well as response of gyrase to external torque of 2, 4 and 8 positive magnet turns. Part 2/3</p>
Evolution of putative barrier loci at an intermediate stage of speciation with gene flow in campions (Silene)
Understanding the origin of new species is a central goal in evolutionary biology. Diverging lineages often evolve highly heterogeneous patterns of genetic differentiation; however, the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. We investigated evolutionary processes governing genetic differentiation between the hybridizing campions <i>Silene dioica</i> (L.) Clairv. and <i>S. latifolia</i> Poiret. Demographic modeling indicated that the two species diverged with gene flow. The best-supported scenario with heterogeneity in both migration rate and effective population size suggested that a small proportion of the loci evolved without gene flow. Differentiation (F<sub>ST</sub>) and sequence divergence (d<sub>XY</sub>) were correlated and both tended to peak in the middle of most linkage groups, consistent with reduced gene flow at highly differentiated loci. Highly differentiated loci further exhibited signatures of selection. In between-species population pairs, isolation by distance was stronger for genomic regions with low between-species differentiation than for highly differentiated regions that may contain barrier loci. Moreover, differentiation landscapes within and between species were only weakly correlated suggesting that linked selection due to shared recombination and gene density landscapes is not the dominant determinant of genetic differentiation in these lineages. Instead, our results suggest that divergent selection shaped the genomic landscape of differentiation between the two <i>Silene </i>species, consistent with predictions for speciation in the face of gene flow.
Divergence, gene flow, and speciation in eight lineages of trans-Beringian birds
<p>Determining how genetic diversity is structured between populations that span the divergence continuum from populations to biological species is key to understanding the generation and maintenance of biodiversity. We investigated genetic divergence and gene flow in eight lineages of birds with a trans-Beringian distribution, where Asian and North American populations have likely been split and reunited through multiple Pleistocene glacial cycles. Our study transects the speciation process, including eight pairwise comparisons in three orders (ducks, shorebirds, and passerines) at population, subspecies, and species levels. Using ultraconserved elements (UCEs), we found that these lineages represent conditions from slightly differentiated populations to full biological species. Although allopatric speciation is considered the predominant mode of divergence in birds, all of our best divergence models included gene flow, supporting speciation with gene flow as the predominant mode in Beringia. In our eight lineages, three were best described by a split-migration model (divergence with gene flow), three best fit a secondary-contact scenario (isolation followed by gene flow), and two showed support for both models. The lineages were not evenly distributed across a divergence space defined by gene flow (<i>M</i>) and differentiation (<i>F<sub>ST</sub></i>), instead forming two discontinuous groups: one with relatively shallow divergence, no fixed SNPs, and high rates of gene flow between populations; and the second with relatively deeply divergent lineages, multiple fixed SNPs, and low gene flow. Our results highlight the important role that gene flow plays in avian divergence in Beringia.</p>
Data from: Effects of an experimental increase in flow intermittency on an alpine stream
<p>Flow intermittency occurs naturally in alpine streams. However, changing rainfall patterns and glacier retreat are predicted to increase the occurrence of flow intermittency in alpine catchments, with largely unknown effects on ecosystem structure and function. We conducted a flow manipulation experiment within a headwater stream of Val Roseg, a glacierized alpine catchment, to determine the effects of increased flow intermittency on aquatic macroinvertebrates, periphyton, benthic organic matter, and trophic structure. Compared to an adjacent reference channel, an increase in flow intermittency reduced macroinvertebrate density, taxa richness, and the proportion of rheophilic taxa. Density and richness remained low in the manipulated channel after resumption of natural flow. Flow intermittency did not affect organic matter standing stocks, but increased assimilation of periphyton by aquatic macroinvertebrates. Predation on aquatic invertebrates by riparian spiders also increased. We attribute many of these patterns to the timing of drying, which likely excluded summer-growing cohorts of rheophilic, aerial dispersers. This study suggests that reductions in summer glacial melt and rainfall events might increase flow intermittency and lead to fundamental changes in diversity and function of alpine fluvial networks.</p>
Dataset for Gelatinous zooplankton-mediated carbon flows in the global oceans: A data-driven modeling study
<p>Gridded dataset of gelatinous zooplankton (GZ) biomass (mg C m<sup>-3</sup>) and numeric density (individuals m<sup>-3</sup>), time-averaged, in a 1-degree grid. Data are separated by phyla: Cnidaria, Ctenophora, and Chordata (pelagic tunicates). Original data compiled as part of the Jellyfish Database Initiative Project (JeDI; Condon et al. 2015, doi:10.1575/1912/7191) and converted to carbon biomass units for Lucas et al. 2014.</p> <p>Cnidarian additions to this dataset include records from the northern California Current (Brodeur et al., 2014) and Gulf of Mexico (Robinson et al., 2015). Chordata additions include salps from the Bermuda Atlantic Time Series (BATS; Stone & Steinberg, 2014), Western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP; Steinberg et al., 2015), and Southern Ocean, from KRILLBASE (Atkinson et al., 2017). Note that we excluded the KRILLBASE records from the WAP region that to prevent double-counting. See Methods in Luo et al. (2020) for details on biometric conversions to carbon biomass.</p> <p>Data were averaged by time (season, then year), and then within each 1-degree grid cell.</p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p>Code for the model using this dataset is available at: <a href="https://github.com/jessluo/gz_biogeochem_pub">https://github.com/jessluo/gz_biogeochem_pub</a></p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Luo, Jessica Y.</strong>, Condon, R. H., Stock, C. A., Duarte, C. M., Lucas, C. H., Pitt, K. A., & Cowen, R. K. (2020). Gelatinous zooplankton‐mediated carbon flows in the global oceans: A data‐driven modeling study. <em>Global Biogeochemical Cycles</em>, 34, e2020GB006704. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GB006704">https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GB006704</a></p>
Supporting data for "A convolution method to assess subgrid-scale interactions between flow and patchy vegetation in biogeomorphic models"
<p>Dataset necessary to reproduce the results and analyses presented in the paper:</p> <p>Gourgue, O., van Belzen, J., Schwarz, C., Bouma, T.J., van de Koppel, J. & Temmerman, S. (2020) A convolution method to assess subgrid-scale interactions between flow and patchy vegetation in biogeomorphic models, Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, submitted.</p> <p>The dataset contains:</p> <ul> <li>Process-based model simulations, including their input files and the Python scripts to generate them (pre-processing), as well as the output files and Python scripts to post-process them.</li> <li>Flume experiment data processed for the model calibration.</li> <li>Python scripts to generate the figures and tables of the manuscript.</li> </ul>
Speciation and gene flow across an elevational gradient in New Guinea kingfishers
<p>Closely related species with parapatric elevational ranges are ubiquitous in tropical mountains worldwide. The gradient speciation hypothesis proposes that these series are the result of <i>in situ </i>ecological speciation driven by divergent selection across elevation. Direct tests of this scenario have been hampered by the difficulty inferring the geographic arrangement of populations at the time of divergence. In cichlids, sticklebacks, and <i>Timema </i>stick insects, support for ecological speciation driven by other selective pressures has come from demonstrating parallel speciation, where divergence proceeds independently across replicated environmental gradients. Here, we take advantage of the unique geography of the island of New Guinea to test for parallel gradient speciation in replicated populations of <i>Syma</i> kingfishers that show extremely subtle differentiation across elevation and between historically isolated mountain ranges. We find that currently described high elevation and low elevation species have reciprocally monophyletic gene trees and form nuclear DNA clusters, rejecting this hypothesis. However, demographic modeling suggests selection has likely maintained species boundaries in the face of gene flow following secondary contact. We compile evidence from the published literature to show that while <i>in situ</i> gradient speciation in labile organisms such as birds appears rare, divergent selection and post-speciation gene flow may be an underappreciated force in the origin of elevational series and tropical beta diversity along mountain slopes.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.