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FIG. 5. — A in Historical background

FIG. 5. — A, Foot bones of a Palaeotherium sp. (in Viquesnel 1868: atlas, pl. 21); B, portrait of Auguste Viquesnel (after Gaudant 1985).

FIG. 9 in Historical background

FIG. 9. — After the founding of the Geological Society of Turkey in 1947, a delegation of geologists visited the Çankaya Palace to present the newly born society to the President of the Republic Ismet InÖnü. In this picture we can recognize, standing from left to right, Fuat Baykal, Ihsan Ruhi Berent, Kemal Lokman, Ismet Inönü, Ahmet Malik Sayar, Hamit Nafiz Pamir, Recep Egemen, Nuriye Pinar-Erdem, Ihsan Ketin and Cevat Eyüp Taşman, and staying, Mehmet Akartuna, Samime Artüz-Özkan, Berrin Özman and Şakir Abdüsselamoğlu. All these geologists are well known in Turkey. They greatly contributed to the geology of Turkey and occupied high positions in Turkish institutions and universities. This picture was first published as cover page of Yeryuvarı ve Insan (1985, vol. 10, fasc. 1, 2), a popular journal published by the Geological Society of Turkey (courtesy of Prof. Mehmet Namık Yalçın, Istanbul University).

FIG. 4. — A in Historical background

FIG. 4. — A, Portrait of Franz Toula (after Rosiwal 1920); B, ErenkÖy section as it was logged by Toula in 1895. Toula (1899) described the stratigraphy as follows: 1, horizontal sandstone beds with Cardium and vertebrate fossils; 2, marl with scarce plant remains; 3, hard layers protruding between the friable marl; 4, sandy layers; 5, limestone roof.

FIG. 8. — A in Historical background

FIG. 8. — A, Fossiliferous site of Küçükçekmece during the excavations in 1932 (after Malik & Nafiz 1933b); B, Stratigraphy of the section across the fossiliferous horizon (after Chaput & Gillet 1939).

FIG. 7 in Historical background

FIG. 7. — Lithostratigraphic sections around the Küçükçekmece Lagoon published by Tchihatcheff (1864) and Viquesnel (1868): A, section in a limestone quarry at BakirkÖy (Makrikoï) where the rock is quarried for building, as given by Tchihatcheff (1864: 532); B, section between the western coasts of Küçükçekmece Lagoon and the Sea of Marmara, as given by Viquesnel (1868: fig. 10); C, section between Küçükçekmece and Büyükçekmece lagoons, as given by Viquesnel (1868: fig. 11).

FIG. 6 in Historical background

FIG. 6. — Portraits of Petr Alexandrovic Tchihatcheff (A), Ernest Chaput (from Akyol 1944) (B), Sevket Aziz Kansu (C) and Ismail Yalçınlar (D). These photos are taken from: A, http://www.findagrave.com/; C, http://www.kimkimdir.gen.tr/kimkimdir.php?id=3596; D, http://edebiyat.istanbul.edu.tr/cografya/?p=6522.

FIG. 3 in Historical background

FIG. 3. — Portraits of Admiral Abel B. Spratt (A), Frank Calvert (B) and Melchior Neumayr (C). Spratt's portrait is borrowed from http://drdudsdicta.com/2015/02/07/ thomas-spratt-antiquarian-traveller-to-crete/; those of Calvert and Neumayr from https://fr.wikipedia.org.

opencc-zeroSep 2017View details →

FIG. 1 in Historical insights on nearly 130 years of research on Paleozoic radiolarians

FIG. 1. — Pie chart showing the percentage distribution of 344 Paleozoic genera based on their current taxonomic status: VAL., valid, 208 genera, 60.5%; SYN., junior synonyms, 82 genera, 23.8%; N.D., nomina dubia, 35 genera, 10.2%; N.N., nomina nuda, 2 genera, 0.6%; HOM., homonyms, 7 genera, 2%; Not Rad., not radiolaria, 10 genera, 2.9%.

Figures 89–91 in New Species in the Drosophila ananassae Subgroup from Northern Australia, New Guinea and the South Pacific (Diptera: Drosophilidae), with Historical Overview

Figures 89–91. Female oviposcapt (ovipositor) and setation of sixth abdominal tergite of Drosophila ananassae, D. pandora, D. anomalata and D. ironensis. Oviscapt form and colour: (89) Drosophila ananassae ex strain Schiffer CBR57 from Lake Placid; (90) D. pandora sp.nov. ex type strain Schiffer CAQ408 from Lake Placid; (91) D. anomalata sp.nov. ex type strain Schiffer CHC221 from near Deeragun, W of Townsville. Setation of sixth abdominal tergite: (92) D. ananassae ex strain Schiffer CBR54; (93) D. anomalata sp.nov. ex type strain; (94, 95) Drosophila ironensis ♀ and ♂ ex strain Schiffer CHH18 from Lake Placid, note the irregualr orientation of T6 setation in D. ironensis comparaed to the caudally oriented setation in other figured species; and (96) D. pandora sp.nov. ♂ ex type strain. All to same scale.

Figures 78–81 in New Species in the Drosophila ananassae Subgroup from Northern Australia, New Guinea and the South Pacific (Diptera: Drosophilidae), with Historical Overview

Figures 78–81. Hypandria of Drosophila anomalata sp.nov. three males from the type strain Schiffer CHC221 (ventral views); (81) dorsal view of hypandrium in Fig. 80.

Figures 54–71 in New Species in the Drosophila ananassae Subgroup from Northern Australia, New Guinea and the South Pacific (Diptera: Drosophilidae), with Historical Overview

Figures 54–71. Male fore-leg and sex comb of tarsomere I (metatarsus or basitarsus), tarsomere II and III of Drosophila pandora sp.nov. (54–59), D. ananassae (60–65) (from strains established by Schiffer at Lake Placid, northern Queensland) and D. schugi sp.nov. (66–71). Drosophila pandora sp.nov. (54–55) from iso-♀ strain CAR274 [the teeth of the sex comb in Fig. 51 are artificially enhanced and represented schematically to indicate how they are scored]; (56–57) from type strain = iso-♀ strain CAQ408; and (58–59) from iso-♀ strain CAQ425. Drosophila ananassae (60–61) from iso-♀ strain CBR57; (62–63) from iso-♀ strain CBR54; and (64–65) from iso-♀ strain CBR52. Drosophila schugi sp.nov. wild caught males from Malololelei, Upolu, Samoa, 14–17 June 2003, Schug, Gray-Smith, Kilon-Attwood, McEvey; AMS K356978 (66), AMS K356979 (67–68), AMS K356977 (69), and AMS K356976 (70–71).

Figures 26–37 in New Species in the Drosophila ananassae Subgroup from Northern Australia, New Guinea and the South Pacific (Diptera: Drosophilidae), with Historical Overview

Figures 26–37. Hypandria of Drosophila ananassae complex species. Drosophila ananassae (26) 1.5 km NW Taipivai, Nuku Hiva, Marquesas Islands; (27) Belvédère 250 m, fruit bait, Moorea, Society Islands, French Polynesia. Drosophila ananassae or D. pallidosa (28) Sigatoka, 35 km S Nadi, Fiji; (29) Apia, Samoa. Drosophila pallidosa (30) det. by?Wheeler, Pago Pago, ... [continued on facing page]

Figures 38–53 in New Species in the Drosophila ananassae Subgroup from Northern Australia, New Guinea and the South Pacific (Diptera: Drosophilidae), with Historical Overview

Figures 38–53. Epandria of Drosophila ananassae complex species. Drosophila pandora sp.nov. (38) Lake Placid type strain CAQ408, lateral view; (39) type strain CAQ408, caudal view; (40) Lake Placid strain CAR274; (41) Lake Placid strain CAQ425. Drosophila ananassae (42) Beach Lane, Mauritius, Oct. 2012, J. Tann. Drosophila?ananassae (43) Kuranda, northern Queensland, AMS K275429; (44) Sigatoka, 35 km S Nadi, Fiji, AMS K275290; (45) Iron Range, fruit bait, 30.iv.1976, I.R. Bock, [possibly pinned on this date from a strain collected with P.A. Parsons in November 1975—there is no evidence that Bock returned to Iron Range in 1976], AMS K119308 (det. Drosophila ananassae by Bock in 1976). Drosophila pandora sp.nov.: (46) D. "papuensis-like" Kyorin University stock k-aat001, Townsville, Queensland. Drosophila pallidosa: (47) det. by?Wheeler, Pago Pago, American Samoa, Drosophila Species Stock Center (San Diego), stock 14024-0433.01. Drosophila ananassae or D. pallidosa (48) Sigatoka, 35 km S Nadi, Fiji, June 2004, Schug, Gray-Smith, Kilon-Attwood, McEvey, AMS K282851. Drosophila schugi sp.nov. (49) Malololelei, Upolu, Samoa, 14–17 June 2003, paratype AMS K282923. Drosophila anomalata sp.nov. (50–52) ex type strain, Schiffer CHC221. Drosophila schugi sp.nov. (53) Malololelei, Upolu, Samoa, 14–17 June 2003, AMS K356977. Localities—see Fig. 1 and Appendix 1; all specimens in Australian Museum.

Figures 72–77 in New Species in the Drosophila ananassae Subgroup from Northern Australia, New Guinea and the South Pacific (Diptera: Drosophilidae), with Historical Overview

Figures 72–77. Male fore-leg and sex comb of tarsomere I (metatarsus) and II of Drosophila anomalata sp.nov. ex type strain CHC221, nr Deeragun, 16 km W of Townsville. Legs from five males; (73–74) left and right legs from one male [(74) image flipped].

Figures 86–88 in New Species in the Drosophila ananassae Subgroup from Northern Australia, New Guinea and the South Pacific (Diptera: Drosophilidae), with Historical Overview

Figures 86–88. Drosophila schugi sp.nov. holotype AMS K282922. Dorsal, lateral and anterolateral views of the head and face.

Figures 14–25 in New Species in the Drosophila ananassae Subgroup from Northern Australia, New Guinea and the South Pacific (Diptera: Drosophilidae), with Historical Overview

Figures 14–25. Hypandria of Drosophila pandora sp.nov. and D. ananassae. Drosophila pandora sp.nov. (14–15) Holmes Jungle, Darwin, Northern Territory; (16) Tabubil 750 m, Western Province, Papua New Guinea; (17) Wanigela, Oro Province, Papua New Guinea; (18) Bertie Creek pump, near Heathlands Homestead, northern Queensland; (19–20) Gordon Creek nr Cooks Hut, Iron Range, northern Queensland; (21) Thursday Island, Torres Strait, northern Queensland.Drosophila ananassae (22) Beach Lane, Mauritius; (23) Christmas Island, Indian Ocean nr Java; (24) Wé, Loyalty Islands; (25) Ubud, Bali, Indonesia. Localities mapped in Fig. 1; all specimens in Australian Museum.

Figure 1 in New Species in the Drosophila ananassae Subgroup from Northern Australia, New Guinea and the South Pacific (Diptera: Drosophilidae), with Historical Overview

Figure 1. Distribution of 11 of the 12 Drosophila ananassae complex species, the authors have collected at red dot localities or examined specimens collected by others from red circle localities; these data are complete for the Australian Region and incomplete for the Oriental Region. Drosophila lachaisei Tsacas, 1984 from Africa is not shown. The Drosophila pandora sp.nov. type locality is Lake Placid near Cairns (see inset); the D. anomalata sp.nov. type locality is Deeragun near Townsville. Drosophila ananassae s.str. is pantropical within the pale blue lines, the Ambon type locality is shown; D. ananassae extends as far south as Corindi in Australia, it is absent in Sydney and New Zealand. Three or more additional, but undescribed species, occur in New Guinea (and perhaps also in northern Australia), these are not shown. Islands of Torres Strait: (1) Mabuiag, (2) Moa, (3) Thursday, and (4) Mount Adolphus; and localities on Cape York Peninsula: (5) Bamaga, (6) Bertie Creek and Heathlands homestead, (7) Doublemouth and Gunshot Creeks, (8) Gordon Creek, (9) Iron Range (nr airstrip), and (10) upper Peach Creek (McIlwraith Range) are indicated (see inset). Geospatial coordinates of all localities are given in Appendix 1.

Figures 82–85 in New Species in the Drosophila ananassae Subgroup from Northern Australia, New Guinea and the South Pacific (Diptera: Drosophilidae), with Historical Overview

Figures 82–85. Hypandria of Drosophila schugi sp.nov. four males collected with holotype at Malalololei, Upolu, Samoa, 14–17 June 2003, Schug, Gray-Smith, Kilon-Attwood, McEvey; AMS K356976 (82), AMS K356977 (83), AMS K356978 (84), AMS K356979 (85).

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2021View details →

KGClim historical: A 1-km global dataset of historical (1979-2013) Köppen-Geiger climate classification and bioclimatic variables

<p>We presented a new dataset of 1-km Köppen-Geiger climate classification maps and 12 bioclimatic variables for the historical periods (1979-2008, 1980-2009, 1981-2010, 1982-2011, 1983-2012, 1984-2013).</p>