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FIGURE 3 in Three new free-living marine nematode species of Subsphaerolaimus Lorenzen, 1978, Halichoanolaimus de Man, 1886 and Belbolla Andrássy, 1973 from mangrove wetlands in Taiwan

FIGURE 3. Subsphaerolaimus danshuiensis sp. nov. A: Lateral view of the male anterior part; B: Lateral view of the female anterior part; C: Lateral view of the male head part; D: Amphid and (sub)cephalic setae of the male; E: Lateral view of the female head part; F: Amphid and (sub)cephalic setae of the female; G: Spicule of the male; H: Lateral view of the male posterior part; I: Lateral view of female posterior part; J: Lateral view of the female reproductive system. Scale bars: A, B, H, I, J = 25 μm; C, D, E, F, G = 5 μm.

FIGURE 7 in Three new free-living marine nematode species of Subsphaerolaimus Lorenzen, 1978, Halichoanolaimus de Man, 1886 and Belbolla Andrássy, 1973 from mangrove wetlands in Taiwan

FIGURE 7. Belbolla forkyspicula sp. nov A: Lateral view of the male anterior part; B: Lateral view of the female anterior part; C: Lateral view of the male head end; D: Lateral view of the female head end; E: Lateral view of the male posterior part; F: Lateral view of the female posterior part; G: Spicule of the male; H: Supplement of the male; I: Lateral view of the female reproductive system. Scale bars: A, B, E, F, I = 25 μm; C, D, G, H, J = 5 μm.

FIGURE 5 in Three new free-living marine nematode species of Subsphaerolaimus Lorenzen, 1978, Halichoanolaimus de Man, 1886 and Belbolla Andrássy, 1973 from mangrove wetlands in Taiwan

FIGURE 5. Halichoanolaimus sicaoensis sp. nov. A: Lateral view of the male anterior part; B: Lateral view of the female anterior part; C: Lateral view of the male head part; D: Buccal cavity of the male; E: Amphid of the male; F: Amphid of the female; G: Lateral view of the male posterior part; H: Lateral view of the female posterior part; I: Spicule of the male; J: Cuticle of the male; K: Lateral view of the female reproductive system. Scale bars: A, B, G, H = 25 μm; K = 10 μm; C, D, E, F, I, J = 50 μm.

FIGURE 4 in Three new free-living marine nematode species of the family Comesomatidae from Mangrove wetlands in Jinmen County, Taiwan

FIGURE 4. Comesoma quattuordecimsupplementata sp. nov. A: Lateral view of the male anterior part; B: Lateral view of the female anterior part; C: Lateral view of the male head part; D: Amphid of the male; E: Lateral view of the female head part; F: Amphid of the female; G: Lateral view of the male posterior part; H: Lateral view of the female posterior part; I: The spicule and supplement of the male; J: Lateral view of the female reproductive system. Scale bar: A, B, G, H, J=25 μm; C, D, E, F, I =10 μm.

FIGURE 3 in Three new free-living marine nematode species of the family Comesomatidae from Mangrove wetlands in Jinmen County, Taiwan

FIGURE 3. Comesoma quattuordecimsupplementata sp. nov. A: Lateral view of the male anterior part. B: Lateral view of the female anterior part. C: Lateral view of the male head part (Cuticle). D: Lateral view of the male posterior part (spicule). E: Lateral view of female posterior part. F: Lateral view of female reproductive system. Scale bar: A, B, D, E=25 μm; C =10 μm; F =50 μm.

FIGURE 1 in Three new free-living marine nematode species of the family Comesomatidae from Mangrove wetlands in Jinmen County, Taiwan

FIGURE 1. Dorylaimopsis Jinmendaoica sp. nov. A: Lateral view of the male anterior part. B: Lateral view of the female anterior part. C: Lateral view of the male head part. D: Lateral view of the male head part(Cuticle). E: Cuticle of the male (middle body). F: Cuticle of the male (spicule level). G: Lateral view of the male posterior part. H: Spicule of the male. I: Lateral view of the female posterior part. J: Lateral view of the female reproductive system. Scale bar: A, B, G, I=25 μm; C, D, E, F, H =10 μm; J=50 μm.

FIGURE 6 in Three new free-living marine nematode species of the family Comesomatidae from Mangrove wetlands in Jinmen County, Taiwan

FIGURE 6. Paracomesoma paralissum sp. nov. A: Lateral view of male anterior part; B: Male head; C: Amphid of the male; D: Lateral view of male posterior part (Spicule); E: Supplements of the male. Scale bar: A, D=25 μm; B, C, E=5 μm.

FIGURE 5 in Three new free-living marine nematode species of the family Comesomatidae from Mangrove wetlands in Jinmen County, Taiwan

FIGURE 5. Paracomesoma paralissum sp. nov. A: Lateral view of the male anterior part. B: Lateral view of the male head part. C: Lateral view of the male posterior part (Spicule). Scale bar: A, C =25 μm; B =10 μm.

FIGURE 2 in Three new free-living marine nematode species of the family Comesomatidae from Mangrove wetlands in Jinmen County, Taiwan

FIGURE 2. Dorylaimopsis Jinmendaoica sp. nov. A: Lateral view of the male anterior part; B: Lateral view of the female anterior part; C: Lateral view of the male head part; D: Amphid of the male; E: Lateral view of the female head part; F: Amphid of the female; G: Lateral view of the male posterior part(spicule); H: Lateral view of the female posterior part; I: Lateral view of the female reproductive system; J: Cuticle of the male (middle body). Scale bar: A, B, G, H, I=25 μm; C, D, E, F, J =5 μm.

Fig. 13 in Two new species of the Echinoderes coulli-group (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida: Echinoderidae) from a low human-impacted mangrove swamp in French Guiana (western Atlantic Ocean)

Fig. 13. Scanning electron micrographs of additional specimens of Echinoderes guianensis sp. nov. showing trunk segments and details of cuticular appendages. A: Ventrolateral to ventromedial view of cuticular plates of segments 1–2; B: lateral view of segments 3–6; C: lateroventral tube of segment 5; D: lateroventral spine of segment 6; E: sublateral spine and droplet-shaped sensory spot of segment 7; F: subdorsal droplet-shaped sensory spots of segment 9; G: right sternal plates of segments 5–6; H: right sternal plates of segments 7–8; I: midlateral droplet-shaped sensory spot and sublateral nephridiopore of segment 9. Abbreviations: lvt, lateroventral tube; lvs, lateroventral spine; ms, muscular scar; droplet-shaped sensory spots are marked with teardrop-like figures.

Fig. 12 in Two new species of the Echinoderes coulli-group (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida: Echinoderidae) from a low human-impacted mangrove swamp in French Guiana (western Atlantic Ocean)

Fig. 12. Scanning electron micrographs of additional specimens of Echinoderes guianensis sp. nov. showing trunk ventral overview and details of mouth cone, introvert, neck, lateral terminal spines and sexually dimorphic features. A: Ventral trunk overview; B: mouth cone outer oral styles; C: introvert, sector 1; D: introvert, sector 4; E: detail of primary spinoscalids; F: detail of regular-sized spinoscalids; G: detail of trichoscalid; H: detail of lateral terminal accessory and lateral terminal spines; I: detail of penile spines. Abbreviations: ba, bacteria; bs, basal sheath; ct, cuticular thickening; ep, end-piece; fr, fringe (preceded by corresponding number of fringe); in, introvert; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; mc, mouth cone; ne, neck; ps, penile spine; psp, primary spinoscalid; ts, trichoscalid; lambda marks (̂) indicate attachment point of spinoscalids.

Fig. 11 in Two new species of the Echinoderes coulli-group (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida: Echinoderidae) from a low human-impacted mangrove swamp in French Guiana (western Atlantic Ocean)

Fig. 11. Light micrographs of male holotype MNHN- 664Ma (B–H) and female paratype MNHN-665Ma (A) of Echinoderes guianensis sp. nov. showing trunk cuticular details. A: Middorsal to midlateral view on right side of tergal plates of segments 1–2; B: ventral view of segments 1–4; C: middorsal to laterodorsal view on right side of tergal plates of segments 3–4; D: midlateral to ventromedial view on left side of cuticular plates of segment 5; E: detail of the nephridiopore of segment 9; F: middorsal to laterodorsal view on left side of tergal plate of segment 9; G: midlateral to ventromedial view on left side of cuticular plates of segment 6; H: detail of the midlateral spine of segment 7. Abbreviations: dpl, dorsal placid; lvs, lateroventral spine; lvt, lateroventral tube; mds, middorsal spine; mvpl, midventral placid; sls, sublateral spine; tsp, trichoscalid plate. glandular cell outlets are marked with continuous circles, and sensory spots with dashed circles or teardrop-shaped figures.

Fig. 10 in Two new species of the Echinoderes coulli-group (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida: Echinoderidae) from a low human-impacted mangrove swamp in French Guiana (western Atlantic Ocean)

Fig. 10. Line art drawing of Echinoderes guianensis sp. nov. A: Ventral male overview; B: dorsal male overview; C: ventral female overview of segments 10–11; D: ventral female overview of segments 10–11. Abbreviations: dpl, dorsal placid; lddss, laterodorsal droplet-shaped sensory spot; ldrss, laterodorsal rounded sensory spot; ldt, laterodorsal tube; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvgco1, lateroventral type 1 glandular cell outlet; lvs, lateroventral spine; lvt, lateroventral tube; mddss, middorsal droplet-shaped sensory spot; mdgco1, middorsal type 1 glandular cell outlet; mds, middorsal spine; mldss, midlateral droplet-shaped sensory spot; ms, muscular scar; mvpl, midventral placid; ppf, primary pectinate fringe; ps, penile spines; S, segment (followed by number of corresponding segment); sddss, subdorsal droplet-shaped sensory spot; sdgco1, subdorsal type 1 glandular cell outlet; slne, sublateral nephridiopore; sls, sublateral spine; te, tergal extension; tsp, trichoscalid plate; vmdss, ventromedial droplet-shaped sensory spot; vmgco1, ventromedial type 1 glandular cell outlet; vmrss, ventromedial rounded sensory spot.

Fig. 9 in Two new species of the Echinoderes coulli-group (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida: Echinoderidae) from a low human-impacted mangrove swamp in French Guiana (western Atlantic Ocean)

Fig. 9. Diagram of mouth cone, introvert and neck placids in Echinoderes guianensis sp. nov. Grey area and thicker line arcs indicate mouth cone and neck placids, respectively. Spinoscalids that may be absent in some sectors are marked in grey with dashed line.

Fig. 8 in Two new species of the Echinoderes coulli-group (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida: Echinoderidae) from a low human-impacted mangrove swamp in French Guiana (western Atlantic Ocean)

Fig. 8. Scanning electron micrographs showing two types of prokaryotic (likely bacteria) epibionts found on additional specimens of Echinoderes angelae sp. nov. A: Sternal plates of segments 6–7 with filamentous bacteria; B: sternal plates of segments 6–8 with filamentous bacteria; C: filamentous bacteria attached to the ventromedial droplet-shaped sensory spot of segment 6; D: bacteria near the ventrolateral droplet-shaped sensory spot of segment 2; E: bacteria on the muscular scar of segment 6; F: filamentous bacteria attached to the subdorsal enlarged sensory spot of segment 1; G: sternal plates of segments 9–11 and lateral terminal spines with filamentous bacteria; H: bacteria near the lateroventral tube of segment 5; I: bacteria and filamentous bacteria on nephridiopore of segment 9. Abbreviations: tu, tube; arrows indicate the presence and/or attachment point of bacteria and filamentous bacteria respectively.

Fig. 6 in Two new species of the Echinoderes coulli-group (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida: Echinoderidae) from a low human-impacted mangrove swamp in French Guiana (western Atlantic Ocean)

Fig. 6. Scanning electron micrographs of additional specimens of Echinoderes angelae sp. nov. showing trunk overview and details of introvert, neck, lateral terminal spines and sexually dimorphic features. A: Lateral trunk overview; B: introvert, sector 3; C: introvert, sector 4; D: ventral neck view; E: lateral terminal spine; F: male penile spines; G: female lateral terminal accessory spine. Abbreviations: ba, bacteria; ftz, fringed transverse zone; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; mvpl, midventral placid; ne, neck; ps, penile spines; psp, primary spinoscalid; sp, spinoscalid (followed by number of corresponding ring); te, tergal extension; ts, trichoscalid; tsp, trichoscalid plate; lambda marks (̂) indicate attachment point of spinoscalids.

Fig. 7 in Two new species of the Echinoderes coulli-group (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida: Echinoderidae) from a low human-impacted mangrove swamp in French Guiana (western Atlantic Ocean)

Fig. 7. Scanning electron micrographs of additional specimens of Echinoderes angelae sp. nov. showing trunk segments and details of cuticular appendages. A: Subdorsal and laterodorsal sensory spots of segment 1, with the enlarged external ring of micropapillar (inset shows the intraspecific variability of these structures without such kind of external ring); B: ventral view of segments 2–6; C: subdorsal (top) and laterodorsal (bottom) modified type 2 glandular cell outlets of segments 2 and 4 respectively; D: laterodorsal view on left side of tergal plate of segment 2; E: nephridiopore and midlateral dropletshaped sensory spot of segment 9; F: subdorsal to midlateral view on right side of tergal plates of segments 8–9; G: middorsal spine of segment 4; H: subdorsal to midlateral view on left side of tergal plates of segments 3–4; I: laterodorsal tube of segment 10; J: lateral accessory tube of segment 8 (left) and sublateral spine of segment 7 (right); K: subdorsal type 1 glandular cell outlet of segment 9; L: ventral view of segments 10–11; M: subdorsal droplet-shaped sensory spot of segment 9. Abbreviations: go, gonopore; ms, muscular scar; spf, secondary pectinate fringe; modified type 2 glandular cell outlets are marked with continuous circles, and sensory spots with dashed teardrop-like figures.

Fig. 5 in Two new species of the Echinoderes coulli-group (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida: Echinoderidae) from a low human-impacted mangrove swamp in French Guiana (western Atlantic Ocean)

Fig. 5. Light micrographs of female holotype MNHN- 655Ma (E), male paratype MNHN-661Ma (C–D), and additional specimens (A-B, F) of Echinoderes angelae sp. nov. showing trunk cuticular details. A: Middorsal to midlateral view on right side of tergal plate of segments 1–2; B: midlateral to ventromedial view on left side of cuticular plates of segments 5–7; C: ventral view of segments 5–6; D: dorsal view of segments 8–9; E: midlateral to ventromedial view on right side of cuticular plates of segments 9–10 (inset shows the intraspecific variability of the nephridiopore); F: midlateral to ventromedial view on right side of cuticular plates of segments 7–8. Abbreviations: lat, lateral accessory tube; lvt, lateroventral tube; ms, muscular scar; ppf, primary pectinate fringe; slne, sublateral nephridiopore; sls, sublateral spine; numbers after abbreviation indicate corresponding segment; glandular cell outlets are marked with continuous circles, and sensory spots with dashed circles or teardrop-like figures.

Fig. 3 in Two new species of the Echinoderes coulli-group (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida: Echinoderidae) from a low human-impacted mangrove swamp in French Guiana (western Atlantic Ocean)

Fig. 3. Line art drawing of Echinoderes angelae sp. nov. A: Ventral female overview; B: dorsal female overview; C: ventral male overview of segments 10–11; D: dorsal male overview of segments 10–11. Abbreviations: dpl, dorsal placid; go, gonopore; lat, lateral accessory tube; lddss, laterodorsal droplet-shaped sensory spot; ldmgco2, laterodorsal modified type 2 glandular cell outlet; ldrss, laterodorsal rounded sensory spot; ldt, laterodorsal tube; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvgco1, lateroventral type 1 glandular cell outlet; lvmgco2, lateroventral modified type 2 glandular cell outlet; lvt, lateroventral tube; mddss, middorsal droplet-shaped sensory spot; mdgco1, middorsal type 1 glandular cell outlet; mds, middorsal spine; mldss, midlateral droplet-shaped sensory spot; mlmgco2, midlateral modified type 2 glandular cell outlet; ms, muscular scar; mvpl, midventral placid; ppf, primary pectinate fringe; ps, penile spines; S, segment (followed by number of corresponding segment); sddss, subdorsal droplet-shaped sensory spot; sdgco1, subdorsal type 1 glandular cell outlet; sdmgco2, subdorsal modified type 2 glandular cell outlet; sdrss, subdorsal rounded sensory spot; slne, sublateral nephridiopore; sls, sublateral spine; te, tergal extension; tsp, trichoscalid plate; vldss, ventrolateral droplet-shaped sensory spot; vmdss, ventromedial droplet-shaped sensory spot; vmgco1, ventromedial type 1 glandular cell outlet; vmrss, ventromedial rounded sensory spot.

Fig. 2 in Two new species of the Echinoderes coulli-group (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida: Echinoderidae) from a low human-impacted mangrove swamp in French Guiana (western Atlantic Ocean)

Fig. 2. Diagram of mouth cone, introvert and neck placids in Echinoderes angelae sp. nov. Grey area and thicker line arcs indicate mouth cone and neck placids, respectively. Spinoscalid positions that are inferred by radial symmetry are marked in grey with dashed line.