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13,343 results for “Primary”
Data from: Steatotic liver disease induced by TCPOBOP-activated hepatic constitutive androstane receptor: Primary and secondary gene responses with links to disease progression
<p>Constitutive Androstane Receptor (CAR, <em>Nr1i3</em>), a liver nuclear receptor and xenobiotic sensor, induces drug, steroid and lipid metabolizing enzymes, stimulates liver hypertrophy and hyperplasia, and ultimately, hepatocellular carcinogenesis. The mechanisms linking early CAR responses to later disease development are poorly understood. Here we show that exposure of CD-1 mice to TCPOBOP, a halogenated xenochemical and selective CAR agonist ligand, induces pericentral steatosis marked by hepatic accumulation of cholesterol and neutral lipid, and elevated circulating alanine aminotransferase, indicating hepatocyte damage. TCPOBOP-induced steatosis was weaker in the pericentral region but stronger in the periportal region in females compared to males. Early (1-day) TCPOBOP transcriptional responses were enriched for CAR-bound primary response genes, and for lipogenesis and xenobiotic metabolism and oxidative stress protection pathways; late (2-wk) TCPOBOP responses included many CAR binding-independent secondary response genes, with enrichment for macrophage activation, immune response and cytokine and reactive oxygen species production. Late upstream regulators specific to TCPOBOP-exposed male liver were linked to pro-inflammatory responses and hepatocellular carcinoma progression. TCPOBOP administered weekly to male mice using a high corn oil vehicle activated carbohydrate-responsive transcription factor (MLXIPL)-regulated target genes, dysregulated mitochondrial respiratory and translation regulatory pathways, and induced more advanced liver pathology. Overall, TCPOBOP exposure recapitulates histological and gene expression changes characteristic of emerging steatotic liver disease, including secondary gene responses in liver non-parenchymal cells indicative of transition to a more advanced disease state. Upstream regulators of both the early and late TCPOBOP response genes include novel biomarkers for foreign chemical-induced metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.</p>
Doubts about the diagnosis and treatment of syphilis in pregnancy among primary care professionals in a telehealth service
<div> <div> <div> <div>This cross-sectional study aims to describe doubts regarding the diagnosis and treatment of syphilis in pregnancy among primary care professionals in a telehealth service. All teleconsultations (TCs) offered through TelessaúdeRS-UFRGS to primary health care (PHC) services in a state in southern Brazil involving syphilis in pregnancy were included. A total of 356 (TCs) were analyzed.</div> <div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div> <div> <div> <div>The main doubts about syphilis during pregnancy raised by primary care professionals were related to the need for retreatment (35%), diagnostic definition (23%), and initial treatment (16%). In addition, 95% of TCs were suitable for diagnosing and treating syphilis based on the Brazilian Ministry of Health guidelines. This study suggests that TCs can identify failures in the diagnosis and treatment of public health problems and support decision-making in PHC involving syphilis in pregnancy.</div> </div> </div> </div>
Data and analysis for "Association of self-reported musculoskeletal pain with school furniture suitability and daily activities among primary school and university students"
<p>Datasets and R analysis code and report for the article "Association of self-reported musculoskeletal pain with school furniture suitability and daily activities among primary school and university students".</p>
Figure 6 in Potential neuroprotective of trans-resveratrol a promising agent tempeh and soybean seed coats-derived against beta-amyloid neurotoxicity on primary culture of nerve cells induced by 2-methoxyethanol
Figure 6. Treatment Group with resveratrol standard after induced by Beta-Amyloid (10 x10).
Figure 3 in Potential neuroprotective of trans-resveratrol a promising agent tempeh and soybean seed coats-derived against beta-amyloid neurotoxicity on primary culture of nerve cells induced by 2-methoxyethanol
Figure 3. Treatment group: 2- ME + Resveratrol isolated from Tempeh (10 x10).
The mRNA expression changes in neonatal primary mouse ventricular cardiomyocytes treated with epirubicin (2uM)
<p>Epirubicin (EPI) is effective in the treatment of malignant cancers, but its application is limited by life-threatening cardiotoxicity. Iron homeostasis disturbance has been implicated in anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity (AIC), and ferroptosis is involved in AIC which is dependent upon intracellular iron. However, the role and exact mechanisms of ferroptosis in the pathogenesis of epirubicin-induced cardiotoxicity (EIC) remain elusive. In this study, we aimed to investigate mechanisms underlying ferroptosis-driven EIC. Epirubicin triggered ferroptosis both <em>in vivo</em> and in cultured cardiomyocytes, and pretreatment with ferroptosis inhibitor, Ferrostatin-1(Fer-1) alleviates EIC. Microarray analysis was performed to screen for potential molecules involved in EIC in neonatal primary mouse ventricular cardiomyocytes (NMVMs). We found that the transcript level of ATP6V0A2, a subunit of vacuolar ATPase (V-ATPase), was significantly downregulated when NMVMs were subjected to EPI, which was verified <em>in vivo </em>and <em>in vitro</em> as measured by real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) and immunoblotting. Intriguingly, overexpression of ATP6V0A2 effectively decreased excessive oxidative stress and lipid-peroxidation accumulation, thereby inhibiting ferroptosis and protecting cardiomyocytes against EIC, as evidenced by functional, enzymatic, and morphological changes. Mechanistically, forced expression of ATP6V0A2 restored lysosomal acidification in EPI-treated cardiomyocytes and protected cardiomyocytes and mice hearts from ferroptosis-driven EIC. In this study, our data elucidate that ferroptosis is involved in EIC, which is ignited by ATP6V0A2-dependent lysosomal acidification dysfunction. Our study provides a new potential therapeutic target for ameliorating EIC.</p>
eLUE-GPP (MODIS): A global gross primary productivity product based on ecosystem light-use-efficiency model and MODIS EVI
<p>Gross Primary Productivity (GPP) represents the cumulative amount of carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) assimilated by green plants through photosynthesis at specific time intervals and spatial scales. It is the main component of the carbon exchange between the terrestrial biosphere and the atmosphere, and has a major influence on global climate and terrestrial ecosystem functioning. Over the last two decades, the continuous and reliable collection of global land surface variables by EOS-MODIS, and the parallel development of the eddy-covariance flux tower network (FLUXNET) have enabled the integration of MODIS observations with tower measurements for the calibration and validation of remote sensing models to obtain global GPP estimates. Despite the significant progress and success to date, current remote sensing GPP models based on the light use efficiency (LUE) concept share several limitations, including the difficulty in accurately predicting LUE variability and the associated use of land cover maps and look-up tables for biome specific maximum LUE, further down-regulated by coarse resolution interpolated meteorological data, which introduce significant uncertainties in the predicted GPP. To address the above limitations, here we applied a simple yet ecologically sound remote sensing GPP model based on the ecosystem light use efficiency (eLUE) concept, using the more than two decades of global MODIS Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) product and the publicly available FLUXDATA2015 dataset, to generate a global 5 km, 16-d GPP product (eLUE-GPP) from February 2000 to March 2024. Cross-validation with 202 flux tower sites (1494 site/year) showed favorable accuracy of eLUE-GPP (hereafter GPP<sub>eLUE</sub>) (<em>R</em><sup>2</sup> = 0.71, RMSE = 2.11 g C m<sup>-2</sup> d<sup>-1</sup>). The uncertainty associated with GPP<sub>eLUE</sub> is comparatively lower than that of the other global GPP datasets (MOD17, FluxSat, VPM, among others). We have also calculated the uncertainty analytically for each GPP estimate based on the law of error propagation, which allows quantification of the error budget in applications such as Earth system model benchmarking and atmospheric inversion. Our estimate of global total annual GPP, averaged over the period 2001-2023, was 138.46±13.92 Pg C yr<sup>-1</sup>. Furthermore, we found a significant increasing trend in global total annual GPP at a rate of 0.28±0.05 Pg C yr<sup>-1</sup> (<em>p</em> < 0.001) from 2001 to 2023, particularly in eastern Asia, northern India, Europe, eastern North America, and central South America. We expect that the eLUE-GPP product will enable a more accurate diagnostic analysis of the global carbon budget and thus contribute to climate change research.</p>
Bulk SIA of historical and contemporary squid beaks: raw data and primary analyses
<p>Raw data obtained from stable isotope analysis of <em>δ</em>13C and <em>δ</em>15N in beaks of the squids <em>Gonatus fabricii</em> (Lichtenstein, 1818) and <em>Todarodes sagittatus</em> (Lamarck, 1798) (Cephalopoda: Oegopsida), and primary analyses of these data. Squids sampled in the Baffin Bay, Davis Strait and Nordic Seas (1882-2010) and Iceland, Faroe Islands and Ireland (1844-2023), respectively. Raw data for the open access peer-reviewed paper '<strong>Insights on long-term ecosystem changes from stable isotopes in historical squid beaks</strong>'</p> <p>Paper can be accessed at: https://bmcecolevol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12862-024-02274-7</p> <p>Paper's doi: 10.1186/s12862-024-02274-7</p>
Data from: Flortaucipir PET uncovers relationships between tau and β-amyloid in aging, primary age related tauopathy, and Alzheimer disease
<p>[<sup>18</sup>F]-Flortaucipir PET is considered a good biomarker of Alzheimer's disease. However, it is unknown how flortaucipir is associated with the distribution of tau across brain regions and how these associations are influenced by β-amyloid. It is also unclear whether flortaucipir can detect tau in definite primary age-related tauopathy (PART). We identified 248 individuals at Mayo Clinic that had undergone [<sup>18</sup>F]-flortaucipir PET during life, had died, and undergone an autopsy, 239 cases of which also had β-amyloid PET. We assessed nonlinear relationships between flortaucipir uptake in nine medial temporal and cortical regions, Braak tau stage and Thal β-amyloid phase using generalized additive models. We found that flortaucipir uptake was greater with increasing tau stage in all regions. Increased uptake at low tau stages in medial temporal regions was only observed in cases with high β-amyloid phase. Flortaucipir uptake linearly increased with β-amyloid phase in medial temporal and cortical regions. The highest flortaucipir uptake occurred with high Alzheimer's disease neuropathologic change (ADNC) scores, followed by low-intermediate ADNC scores, then PART, with entorhinal cortex providing the best differentiation between groups. Flortaucipir PET had limited ability to detect PART and imaging defined PART did not correspond with pathologically defined PART. In summary, spatial patterns of flortaucipir mirrored histopathological tau distribution, were influenced by β-amyloid phase, and were useful for distinguishing different ADNC scores and PART.</p>
Segmented primary phases of Al-alloy EN AW-2618A in the T61 state using synchrotron computed tomography
<p><span>This video shows the primary phases of the aluminum alloy EN AW-2618A in the T61 state measured by synchrotron computed tomography. </span></p> <p><span>Further information is provided in the file content.pdf. </span></p>
In-situ observations of nitrate loss factor for "Estimation method is the primary source of uncertainty in cropland nitrate leaching estimate in China"
<p>This database includes In-situ observations of nitrate loss factor. Details can be found in paper named "Estimation method is the primary source of uncertainty in cropland nitrate leaching estimate in China".</p>
Fig. 2 in Ectoparasites are unlikely to be a primary cause of population declines of bent-winged bats in south-eastern Australia
Fig. 2. Dorsal view of Penicillidia oceanica. Note absence of notopleural setae (Arrow).
Fig. 1 in Ectoparasites are unlikely to be a primary cause of population declines of bent-winged bats in south-eastern Australia
Fig. 1. Dorsal view of Penicillidia tectisentis. Note notopleural setae (Arrow).
Above ground net primary productivity
<b>Description: </b><p>Tree plot data</p><p><b>Project: </b>This dataset was collected as part of the following SAFE research project: <a href="https://www.safeproject.net/projects/project_view/110"><b>Above ground net primary productivity</b></a></p><p><b>XML metadata: </b>GEMINI compliant metadata for this dataset is available <a href="https://www.safeproject.net/datasets/xml_metadata?id=71">here</a></p><p><b>Data worksheets: </b>There are 1 data worksheets in this dataset:</p><ol><li><p><b>Live tree measurements</b> (Worksheet Data)</p><p>Dimensions: 4795 rows by 38 columns</p><p>Description: Tree plot data from first survey (2010/11)</p><p>Fields: </p><ul><li><b>2ndOrder</b>: SAFE Project site code (Field type: Location)</li><li><b>SurveyNum</b>: Survey number (Field type: ID)</li><li><b>Date</b>: Date of survey (Field type: Date)</li><li><b>TagNum</b>: Tag number attached to the tree (Field type: ID)</li><li><b>Area</b>: Subplot location (Field type: Categorical)</li><li><b>Tree/Vine</b>: Tree or vine (Field type: Categorical)</li><li><b>Easting</b>: Location within plot (m east of origin in SW corner) (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>Northing</b>: Location within plot (m north of origin in SW corner) (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>PreviousNum</b>: Previous tag number for this tree (Field type: ID)</li><li><b>POM</b>: Height above ground at which tree is manually measured (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>DBHdend</b>: Tree diameter as recorded on dendrometer (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>DBH</b>: tree diameter measured manually (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>DBHvert</b>: NA (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>DBHwidest</b>: NA (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>CaliperScore</b>: NA (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>CanopyRad.N</b>: Distance from tree trunk to edge of crown (north) (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>CanopyRad.E</b>: Distance from tree trunk to edge of crown (east) (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>CanopyRad.S</b>: Distance from tree trunk to edge of crown (south) (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>CanopyRad.W</b>: Distance from tree trunk to edge of crown (west) (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>Crown</b>: Crown irradiance (Field type: Ordered Categorical)</li><li><b>HeightTotal</b>: Tree height (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>HeightBranch</b>: Height above ground where first branch is encountered (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>HeightLeaf</b>: Height above ground where the first leaves are encountered (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>TreeAttach</b>: TagNum of the tree that the vine is attached to (vines only) (Field type: ID)</li><li><b>CanopyVines</b>: Proportion of canopy covered by vines (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>Epiphytes</b>: NA (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>OPEpiphyteTrunk</b>: NA (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>Fruiting</b>: Amount of flowering (Field type: Ordered Categorical)</li><li><b>FruitingOP</b>: Number of fruit bunches (oil palm only) (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>Flowering</b>: Amount of flowering (Field type: Ordered Categorical)</li><li><b>FloweringOP</b>: Number of flower bunches (oil palms only) (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>Status</b>: Tree status (Field type: Comments)</li><li><b>LeafHerbivoryOP</b>: Amount of herbivory on oil palm fronds (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>NumFrondsOP</b>: Number of fronds; counted on oil palm trees only (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>Species</b>: Field ID of tree species, mostly in local names (Field type: Comments)</li><li><b>Recorder</b>: Field team collecting and recording the data (Field type: Comments)</li><li><b>Notes</b>: Notes related to the tree (Field type: Comments)</li></ul><br></li></ol><p><b>Date range: </b>2010-07-01 to 2011-08-25</p><p><b>Latitudinal extent: </b>4.6353 to 4.7714</p><p><b>Longitudinal extent: </b>116.9477 to 117.7028</p>
Isoniazid Preventive Therapy (IPT) uptake and Tuberculin Skin Test (TST) uptake among adults receiving primary HIV care in South Africa .
<p>We aimed to evaluate Isoniazid Preventive Therapy (IPT) and tuberculin skin testing (TST) uptake under primary care clinic conditions, and determine health care worker (HCW) fidelity to the 2014 South African IPT guidelines. Following training on IPT guidelines and tuberculin skin testing (TST), 3 primary care clinics identified their IPT implementation strategy in a participatory manner. Using routine register data, TST uptake was determined 3 months before and 5 months after the intervention. Records were reviewed to identify IPT/TST uptake and factors associated with IPT initiation among adults living with HIV.</p>
Experimental–Computational Analysis of Nucleation Sites for Primary Static Recrystallization
<p>This repository contains supplementary material to our paper. Specifically, the Matlab, Python,a and Shell scripts and cellular automaton source code we used to run and post-process the simulations as well as the simulation results:</p> <p><strong>MTEXEBSDMappingStructureInitialization.zip</strong><br> Specifies, using MTex v5.0.3, how we converted the measured SEM/EBSD mapping to a synthetic 2d microstructure.</p> <p><strong>SCORESourceCode.zip</strong><br> Specifies the source code of SCORE. Version 1.2.1. Demands a local HDF5 installation. MPI/OpenMP parallelized.<br> Inspect www.github.com/mkuehbach/SCORE for further details on how to compile and background to the model<br> an implementation.</p> <p><strong>ExecuteSimulations.zip</strong><br> Specifies shell scripts and UDS input files to execute the simulations. Details via these UDS files also all parameter<br> settings we used to reproduce the runs.</p> <p><strong>ComparisonXaXv.tar.gz</strong><br> Compares in summarized form, and extracted from the RXAreaFractionDepthProfile folder files, the area vs<br> volume fraction at specified time snapshots for the z= [0.0, 0.5, 1.0] RDTD section.<br> <br> <strong>Inherited_GrainSizeMicrostructure.zip</strong><br> ANG-like serial sectioning snapshot results and IPF visualization of microstructure evolution for those<br> simulation cases in which the nuclei inherited the orientation from their site.</p> <p><strong>Random_GrainSizeMicrostructure.zip</strong><br> ANG-like serial sectioning snapshot results and IPF visualization of microstructure evolution for those<br> simulation cases in which the nuclei had random orientations form the SO3.</p> <p><strong>RXAreaFractionDepthProfile.zip</strong><br> Specifies the evolution of the area fraction recrystallized with grains in cross-sectional area >=13px<br> for every RDTD layer.</p> <p>The corresponding parameterization is detailed in the *.uds input file which specifies all constitutive parameter<br> and log settings of the automaton. The simulation is executed by compiling the program and linking to<br> HDF5. The OMP_NUM_THREADS environment variable should be set to not more than 10.<br> The SCORE is executed as follows:<br> mpirun -np 1 ./score <simid> <udsfile> <KAM Ang EBSD file> 1>STDOUT.txt 2>STDERR.txt<br> <br> <strong>Profiling.zip</strong><br> Details the execution log of the automaton ie runtime individual composition of nuclei volume transformation<br> progression, interfacial area evolution, etc.</p> <p><strong>SingleGrainData.zip</strong><br> Details the volume consumption / volume gain kinetics of every single deformed / recrystallized grain.</p> <p><strong>TemperatureTimeProfile.zip</strong><br> Details the time/temperature and step profile of the numerical integration.<br> This allows to map integration time steps to simulated microstructural states.</p> <p><strong>ThreadProfilingGrowth.zip</strong><br> Details the evolution of the recrystallized volume versus time and number of active cells per thread sub-domain.</p> <p><strong>MartinPostprocessingScripts.zip</strong><br> Is a collection of Python and MTex scripts to compile the area size distribution and compute ODFs.</p>
Ensemble and single cell data for primary Ovis Aries pulmonary artery endothelial cells response to IGF-1 administration
<p>Data for IGF-1 administration of healthy and persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn primary Ovis Aries pulmonary artery endothelial cells.</p> <p>Ensemble.zip:<br> Dose-response to IGF-1<br> Proliferation<br> Western blots for VEGF and eNOS<br> IGF-1R and mTOR inhibition<br> Branch points in tube formation assay<br> <br> IF.zip:<br> Cellprofiler 3.1 analysis of snapshot data for the time course of IGF-1 administration with nuclei, actin, VEGF, and eNOS</p> <p>Translation.zip:<br> CellProfiler 3.1 analysis of snapshot data for the time course of IGF-1 administration with nuclei and total protein production</p>
Dataset for "Divergent selection and primary gene flow shape incipient speciation of a riparian tree on Hawaii Island"
<p>HawaiiPopulation_Raw.bcf.gz</p> <p>- Unfiltered SNP + INDEL VCF file for Hawaii Island Metrosideros</p> <p> </p> <p>HawaiiPopulation_FILTERED_SNP.bcf.gz</p> <p>- Filtered SNP VCF for Hawaii Island Metrosideros</p> <p> </p> <p>Population_WithOutgroup_Raw.vcf.gz</p> <p>- Unfiltered SNP + INDEL VCF file used in analysis that grouped G<sub>H1</sub>, G<sub>H2</sub>, N subpopulation with the outgroup samples.</p> <p> </p> <p>Population_WithOutgroup_FILTERED_SNP.vcf.gz</p> <p>- Filtered SNP VCF file used in analysis that grouped G<sub>H1</sub>, G<sub>H2</sub>, N subpopulation with the outgroup samples.</p> <p> </p> <p>Population_WithOutgroup.geno.gz</p> <p>- Genotype file generated from the genomic_general from S. Martin and used as input for Dxy and Fst window analysis</p> <p> </p> <p>Popgene_stat*</p> <p>- 5, 10, and 50 kbp windows of calculating pi, Dxy, Fst, Omega, Hscan, and H12 statistics </p> <p> </p> <p>GPHOCS_INPUT.txt</p> <p>- Input data file for GPhoCS analysis</p> <p> </p> <p>GPHOCS_control_*</p> <p>- GPhoCS control file</p> <p> </p> <p>DADI_INPUT*</p> <p>- Input 2D-SFS file for dadi analysis</p>
Dataset for the study on Family Educational Role in Facing Gender-Based Violence in Early Childhood: Implications for Primary Education
<p>The dataset for the study "Family Educational Role in Facing Gender-Based Violence in Early Childhood: Implications for Primary Education" comprises comprehensive survey data collected from 340 fathers and 340 mothers in Amman, Jordan. The data include detailed responses on parental knowledge of gender-based violence (GBV), practical strategies employed to prevent GBV, and perceptions influenced by educational qualifications, employment types, and family size. The dataset is instrumental in understanding the family's role in combating GBV in early childhood and highlights the need for targeted educational programs. This dataset is archived with Zenodo, providing valuable insights for researchers, educators, and policymakers.</p>
Figs. 6–7 in Complex of primary and secondary parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae and Signiphoridae) of Hypogeococcus spp. mealybugs (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) in the New World
Figs. 6–7. Leptomastidea debachi female (paratypes): 6, antenna; 7, fore wing.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.