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FIGURES 80–87. Sicarius cariri n in The six-eyed sand spiders of the genus Sicarius (Araneae: Haplogynae: Sicariidae) from the Brazilian Caatinga
FIGURES 80–87. Sicarius cariri n. sp. female internal genitalia. 80. Santa Quintéria do Maranhão, Maranhão (IBSP 35472), dorsal. 81. Same, ventral. 82. Xique-Xique, Bahia (IBSP 162288), dorsal. 83. Same, ventral. 84. Itaguaçu da Bahia, Bahia (IBSP 28955), dorsal. 85. Same, ventral. 86. Subadult female from Santa Quintéria do Maranhão, Maranhão (IBSP 35746), ventral. 87. Subadult female from Bom Jesus, Piauí (IBSP 27793), dorsal. Scale bars: 100μm.
FIGURES 52–63 in The six-eyed sand spiders of the genus Sicarius (Araneae: Haplogynae: Sicariidae) from the Brazilian Caatinga
FIGURES 52–63. Sicarius tropicus (Mello-Leitão) female internal genitalia. 52. Neotype from Campina Grande, Paraíba (MNRJ 6521), dorsal. 53. Same, ventral. 54. Natal, Rio Grande do Norte (IBSP 37920), dorsal. 55. Same, ventral. 56. Buíque, Pernambuco (IBSP 28048), dorsal. 57. Same, ventral. 58. Cabaceiras, Paraíba (IBSP 40985), dorsal. 59. Same, ventral. 60. Araruna, Paraíba (IBSP 41374), dorsal. 61. Same, ventral. 62. Subadult female from Gurinhém, Paraíba (MNRJ 6263), dorsal. 63. Subadult female from Lajes, Rio Grande do Norte (IBSP 162804), dorsal. Scale bars: 100μm.
FIGURES 33–40. Living Sicarius specimens. 33—S in The six-eyed sand spiders of the genus Sicarius (Araneae: Haplogynae: Sicariidae) from the Brazilian Caatinga
FIGURES 33–40. Living Sicarius specimens. 33—S. tropicus (Mello-Leitão), male from São José dos Cordeiros, Paraíba. This individual was found in an abandoned warehouse where there were powdered lime piles, thus the white coloration. 34—S. tropicus, female from Campina Grande, Paraíba. 35—S. cariri n. sp., male from São Raimundo Nonato, Piauí. 36—S. cariri n. sp., female from Alvorada do Gurguéia, Piauí. 37—S. diadorim n. sp., male from Itacarambi, Minas Gerais. Photo by T.L. Pezzuti. 38—S. diadorim n. sp., subadult female from Itacarambi, Minas Gerais. Photo by H. Yamaguti. 39—S. ornatus n. sp., male from Itabaiana, Sergipe. 40—S. ornatus n. sp., female from Ituaçu, Bahia.
FIGURES 160–165. Habitats where Sicarius diadorim n in The six-eyed sand spiders of the genus Sicarius (Araneae: Haplogynae: Sicariidae) from the Brazilian Caatinga
FIGURES 160–165. Habitats where Sicarius diadorim n. sp. (160–162) and S. ornatus n. sp. (163–165) have been found. 160. Cerrado-Caatinga transition in Itacarambi, Minas Gerais. Photo by M.T.T. Santos. 161. Caatinga near rocky outcrops in Itaobim, Minas Gerais. Photo by G.F.B. Pereira. 162. Secondary Caatinga in Itaobim, Minas Gerais. 163. Atlantic Forest- Caatinga transition in Itabaiana, Sergipe. 164. Small cave near stream in Itabaiana, Sergipe. 165. Cave in Ituaçu, Bahia.
FIGURES 29–32. Sicarius ornatus n in The six-eyed sand spiders of the genus Sicarius (Araneae: Haplogynae: Sicariidae) from the Brazilian Caatinga
FIGURES 29–32. Sicarius ornatus n. sp. (female from Milagres, Bahia: 29–31; CHNUFPI 250) and S. tropicus (female from Cabaceiras, Paraíba: 32; IBSP 40985). 29. Carapace, dorsal. Notice the reddish brown coloration of the carapace in the portion that is not covered by soil particles. Arrows indicate groups of macrosetae. 30. First and second femora, anterodorsal. Notice groups of black setae. 31. Opisthosoma, ventral view. Notice the hair tuft located anteriorly to the spinnerets. 32. Spinnerets, ventral view. Setae from the right side were removed to show details of the spinnerets and the spigots. Abbreviations: Ac= aciniform gland spigot, ALS= anterior lateral spinneret, AT= anal tubercle, BS= black setae, Ht= hair tuft, Pi= piriform gland spigot, PLS= posterior lateral spinneret, PMS= posterior median spinneret.
FIGURES 22–27 in The six-eyed sand spiders of the genus Sicarius (Araneae: Haplogynae: Sicariidae) from the Brazilian Caatinga
FIGURES 22–27. Scanning electron microscopy images of Sicarius cariri n. sp. (female from Alvorada do Gurguéia, Piauí: 22, 23, 26, 27; IBSP 162705, 162706; male from São Raimundo Nonato, Piauí: 24, 25; UFMG 11040). 22—Carapace macrosetae, dorsal view. 23—Sternum macrosetae, ventral view. 24—Palpal femur setae, prolateral view. 25—Palpal cymbium setae, prolateral view. 26—Second right metatarsus setae, anterolateral view. 27—Opisthosoma macrosetae, dorsal view. Abbreviations: ChS= chemosensory seta, MS= macroseta, S= seta. Scale bars: 100μm (27), 50μm (22, 23), 20μm (24–26).
FIGURES 48–51 in The six-eyed sand spiders of the genus Sicarius (Araneae: Haplogynae: Sicariidae) from the Brazilian Caatinga
FIGURES 48–51. Sicarius tropicus (Mello-Leitão) males. 48. Cabaceiras, Paraíba (IBSP 40985), left palp, prolateral. 49. Same, bulb. 50. Araruna, Paraíba (IBSP 41374), left bulb, prolateral. 51. Vale do Catimbau, Buíque, Pernambuco (IBSP 3612), left bulb, prolateral. Scale bars: 100μm (except 48, 1000μm).
FIGURES 12–17 in The six-eyed sand spiders of the genus Sicarius (Araneae: Haplogynae: Sicariidae) from the Brazilian Caatinga
FIGURES 12–17. Scanning electron microscopy images of Sicarius cariri n. sp. (female from Alvorada do Gurguéia, Piauí: 12–15, 17; IBSP 162705, 162706) and Sicarius tropicus (Mello-Leitão) (male from São José dos Cordeiros, Paraíba: 16; IBSP 162770). 12—Chelicerae, retromarginal view. 13—Right palp, prolateral view. Arrow indicates femoral picks. 14—Palpal femoral picks, prolateral view. 15—Proximal palpal femoral pick, prolateral view. 16—Left palpal femoral picks, prolateral view. 17—Second right tarsus, tarsal claws, lateral view. Abbreviations: ChL= apex of the cheliceral lamina, PL= promarginal lobe of the chelicerae, VO= venom outlet. Scale bars: 500μm (12), 200μm (13), 100μm (14, 16, 17), 20μm (15).
FIGURES 8–11 in The six-eyed sand spiders of the genus Sicarius (Araneae: Haplogynae: Sicariidae) from the Brazilian Caatinga
FIGURES 8–11. Scanning electron microscopy images of Sicarius cariri n. sp. (female from Alvorada do Gurguéia, Piauí, IBSP 162705, 162706). 8—Opisthosoma, dorsal view. 9—Female genitalia and tracheal system, cleared, dorsal view. 10— Spinnerets, ventral view. 11—Hairs from the tuft anterior to spinnerets. Abbreviations: BL=booklungs, Em=spermathecae, Ht=hair tuft, M=dorsal membrane, Sp=spinnerets, Tr=trachea. Scale bars: 1000μm (8), 200μm (9), 500μm (10), 20μm (11).
FIGURE 28 in The six-eyed sand spiders of the genus Sicarius (Araneae: Haplogynae: Sicariidae) from the Brazilian Caatinga
FIGURE 28. Sicarius tropicus (Mello-Leitão) (male from Cabaceiras, Paraíba, AMNH), right palpal bulb, prolateral, mirrored. Scale bar: 100μm.
FIGURES 2–7 in The six-eyed sand spiders of the genus Sicarius (Araneae: Haplogynae: Sicariidae) from the Brazilian Caatinga
FIGURES 2–7. Scanning electron microscopy images of Sicarius cariri n. sp. (female from Alvorada do Gurguéia, Piauí, IBSP 162705, 162706). 2—Prosoma, dorsal view. Arrows indicate central groups of macrosetae and macrosetae in the lateral border of the carapace. 3—Prosoma, dorsolateral view. Arrow indicates cheliceral stridulatory file. 4—Stridulatory file in the chelicerae, lateral view. 5—Prosoma, ventral view. 6—Mouth region, ventral view. 7—Chelicerae macrosetae, ventral view. Abbreviations: Ch=chelicerae, E=eye, Ed=endite, L=labium, SF=stridulatory file, St=sternum. Scale bars: 2000μm (2, 5), 1000μm (6), 500μm (3), 50μm (4, 7).
FIGURES 134–141. Sicarius spermathecae. 134 in The six-eyed sand spiders of the genus Sicarius (Araneae: Haplogynae: Sicariidae) from the Brazilian Caatinga
FIGURES 134–141. Sicarius spermathecae. 134. Sicarius tropicus (Mello-Leitão), neotype (MNRJ 6521), ventral. 135. Same, right branches. 136. Sicarius cariri n. sp., paratype (IBSP 162356), ventral. 137. Same, right branches. 138. Sicarius diadorim n. sp., paratype (UFMG 11605), ventral. 139. Same, central branches. 140. Sicarius ornatus n. sp., paratype (CHNUFPI 258), ventral. 141. Same, central branches. Arrows indicate ventral branches of the spermathecae. Scale bars: 100μm.
FIGURES 154–159. Habitats where Sicarius cariri n in The six-eyed sand spiders of the genus Sicarius (Araneae: Haplogynae: Sicariidae) from the Brazilian Caatinga
FIGURES 154–159. Habitats where Sicarius cariri n. sp. has been found. 154. Little valley in a Caatinga area in São Raimundo Nonato, Piauí. 155. Arboreal Caatinga in Alvorada do Gurguéia, Piauí. 156. Caatinga with rock outcrops in Morro do Chapéu, Bahia. Photo by G.F.B. Pereira. 157. Sandy Caatinga in Xique-Xique, Bahia. Photo by G.F.B. Pereira. 158. Sandy Caatinga in Barra, Bahia. 159. Cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) forest and Restinga in Ilha Grande, Piauí.
FIGURES 132–133 in The six-eyed sand spiders of the genus Sicarius (Araneae: Haplogynae: Sicariidae) from the Brazilian Caatinga
FIGURES 132–133. Scanning electron microscopy images of Sicarius ornatus n. sp., prolateral view of embolus. 132. Milagres, Bahia (IBSP 161100). 133. Itabaiana, Sergipe (IBSP 162807). Scale bars: 50μm.
FIGURES 88–91. Sicarius diadorim n in The six-eyed sand spiders of the genus Sicarius (Araneae: Haplogynae: Sicariidae) from the Brazilian Caatinga
FIGURES 88–91. Sicarius diadorim n. sp. males. 88. Holotype from Itacarambi, Minas Gerais (UFMG 10789), left palp, prolateral. 89. Same, bulb. 90. Palmas do Monte Alto, Bahia (IBSP 161080), left bulb, prolateral. 91. Itaobim, Minas Gerais (UFMG 10157), left bulb, prolateral. Scale bars: 100μm (except 88, 1000μm).
FIGURES 41–46. 41—Sicarius cariri n in The six-eyed sand spiders of the genus Sicarius (Araneae: Haplogynae: Sicariidae) from the Brazilian Caatinga
FIGURES 41–46. 41—Sicarius cariri n. sp., male from Luís Corrêa, Piauí. This individual was found buried in the sand next to a tree. 42—Exuvia of a S. cariri n. sp. individual hanging from a cave wall in Paulo Afonso, Bahia. 43—Sperm web of S. tropicus from Lajes, Rio Grande do Norte. 44—Couple of S. cariri n. sp. in copula (male on bottom, IBSP 162272, female on top, IBSP 162273). Morro do Chapéu, Bahia. Photo by G.F.B. Pereira. 45—Eggsac of S. tropicus from Campina Grande, Paraíba. 46—Eggsac of S. diadorim n. sp. from Itacarambi, Minas Gerais. Photo by H. Yamaguti.
FIGURES 64–71. Sicarius cariri n in The six-eyed sand spiders of the genus Sicarius (Araneae: Haplogynae: Sicariidae) from the Brazilian Caatinga
FIGURES 64–71. Sicarius cariri n. sp. males. 64. Holotype from São Raimundo Nonato, Piauí (IBSP 162345), left palp, prolateral. 65. Same, bulb. 66. Guaribas, Piauí, Brasil (IBSP 56025), left bulb, apical. 67. São Domingos, Goiás (MNRJ 6250), left bulb, prolateral. 68. Riacho Seco, Bahia (IBSP 161063), left bulb, prolateral. 69. Caruaru, Pernambuco (IBSP 161053), left bulb, prolateral. 70. Lençóis, Bahia (MNRJ 6264), left palp, prolateral. 71. Xique-Xique, Bahia (IBSP 162285), left bulb, prolateral. Scale bars: 100μm (except 64, 1000μm).
FIGURES 18–21 in The six-eyed sand spiders of the genus Sicarius (Araneae: Haplogynae: Sicariidae) from the Brazilian Caatinga
FIGURES 18–21. Scanning electron microscopy images of Sicarius cariri n. sp. (female from Alvorada do Gurguéia, Piauí: 18, 19, 21; IBSP 162705, 162706) and S. ornatus n. sp. (male from Milagres, Bahia: 20; IBSP 161100). 18. Second right femur, prolateral view. Arrows indicate groups of black setae. 19. Same, dorsolateral view. Arrows indicate groups of black setae (top) and anterodorsal line of exposed cuticle (bottom). 20. Second right femur, group of black setae, prolateral view. Arrow indicates a chemosensory seta. 21- Second right tarsus, trichobotrial base, anterolateral view. Scale bars: 1000μm (18), 500μm (19), 100μm (20), 10μm (21).
FIGURE 1 in The six-eyed sand spiders of the genus Sicarius (Araneae: Haplogynae: Sicariidae) from the Brazilian Caatinga
FIGURE 1. Distribution of Sicarius species in the New World. SDTFs=seasonally dry tropical forests. The Caatinga is the large SDTF nucleus in northeastern Brazil. Records outside the Caatinga correspond to specimens examined by us, but not included in this study.
FIGURES 92–103. Sicarius diadorim n in The six-eyed sand spiders of the genus Sicarius (Araneae: Haplogynae: Sicariidae) from the Brazilian Caatinga
FIGURES 92–103. Sicarius diadorim n. sp. female internal genitalia. 92. Paratype from Itacarambi, Minas Gerais (UFMG 11605), dorsal. 93. Same, ventral. 94. Fazenda Trijunção, Cocos, Bahia (DZUB 5000), dorsal. 95. Same, ventral. 96. Female from the same locality (IBSP 42147), dorsal. 97. Same, ventral. 98. Espinosa, Minas Gerais (IBSP 162292), dorsal. 99. Same, ventral. 100. Guanambi, Bahia (AMNH), dorsal. 101. Same, ventral. 102. Subadult female from Itacarambi, Minas Gerais (UFMG 4880), dorsal. 103. Subadult female from the same locality (UFMG 4881), dorsal. Scale bars: 100μm.
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