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1,572 results for “Sedimentation”
Cover crop application on dredged sediments increases corn yield through microorganism-associated enzyme-driven nutrient mineralization.
Common strategies to mitigate soil degradation of agricultural soils include cover crop application and soil amendment addition. Applying dredged sediments as a soil amendment is gaining popularity since they often provide benefits other amendments lack; however, their use with a cover crop is largely unexplored. To understand how cover crop use changes the restorative properties of dredged sediments, we assessed soil physical and chemical properties, enzymatic activities, and corn yield for plots of dredged sediments with and without a cover crop. Cover crop application on dredged sediments increased corn yields by ~24% when compared to dredged sediments alone. Increases in corn yield were driven by changes in nutrient mineralization, specifically within the nitrogen cycle. The physical and chemical properties of dredged sediments remained unchanged regardless of cover crop application. Our results suggest that when cover crops are applied to dredged sediments, crop yield increased through microorganism-driven nutrient mineralization. However, the physical and chemical environment remained optimal for corn growth within dredged sediments, regardless of cover crop application. This research is a vital step into understanding the use of dredged sediments in agricultural soil systems.
Laboratory measurements of nitrous oxide production rates in agricultural soils from Lancaster, PA, estuarine sediments from the Scheldt Estuary Belgium/Netherlands, and estuarine soils from the Delaware River NJ under gradients of physicochemical perturbation
A set of experiments was performed to test 1) how various physicochemical perturbations (salinity, zinc, temperature, soil moisture, and pH) influenced denitrification and nitrous oxide production on short timescales (<1 day) in agricultural soils from Lancaster, PA, USA, 2) how variation in a single parameter (salinity) influenced rates of denitrification and nitrous oxide production in sediments that experience a range in that parameter (tidal freshwater, oligohaline, and mesohaline estuarine sediments from the Scheldt River estuary Belgium/Netherlands) on short timescales (< 1 day), and 3) how denitrification and nitrous oxide production along with key functional gene expression in tidal freshwater estuarine soils from the Delaware River, NJ, USA responded to a long-term (6 month) change in a single parameter (salinity) in a press experiment with subsequent short-term (< 1 day) pulses. In the final long-term experiment, nitrite reductase (nirS) and nitrous oxide reductase (nosZ) gene expression were also measured at three timepoints (days 7, 35, and 110).
ARCSS/TK water chemistry and total suspended sediment data from I-Minus2 and Toolik River thermokarsts and receiving streams, near Toolik Field Station, Alaska, summers 2006-2013.
Water samples were taken at 5 locations at both I-Minus2 and Toolik River thermokarst sites (10 sampling locations total). A combination of ISCO and manual grab samples were taken depending on the sampling location and year.
Sediment Source Ascription of Forest Roads in the Upper Little Tennessee River Basin
The purpose of this project was to better understand if geochemical fingerprinting could determine sediment provenance for catchments with and without USDA Forest Service Roads. Sediment source ascription is valuable because sediment is one of the most important non-point source pollutants affecting surface waters in the southeastern United States. Gravel roads represent surfaces of geologically fresh material, rich in weatherable minerals, some of which are preserved in transport, and distinguishable in sediment deposits. Sediment samples were collected from sources of active erosion as well as within the channel near watershed outlets. Analysis for 33 elements, along with statistical separation allowed provenance to be determined for roads and stream banks. Discriminant analysis shows that road sediment is differentiated by P, Mo, and Na. Bank sediment can be distinguished by Pb. Road sources accounted for 39 to 61 percent of bedload sediment and the remainder was from banks.
Sediment accumulation rate data aggregated from publications describing research conducted in South Florida on coastal wetlands prior to 2022
Wetland sediment accumulation rate data were harvested from publications describing research conducted in the Southeast Saline Everglades, Northeast Florida Bay, the Lower Florida Keys, Southwest Everglades National Park, Ten Thousand Island National Wildlife Refuge, and Rookery Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve. The data were organized into three categories based on the method by which they were calculated: lump sum, core section interval, Sediment Elevation Table Marker Horizon. The data were assembled by Dr. Randall W. Parkinson as part of his research on the resiliency of coastal wetlands to accelerating sea-level rise.
Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest: Stream sediment denitrification potential assays, Watershed 1 and Bear Brook
In early September 2015, we sampled five debris dams in both the stream draining W1 and Bear Brook, immediately downstream of W6. This dataset contains laboratory analysis of potential denitrification enzyme activity assays from these sediment cores. Details of the analysis method are reported in the supporting information of Marinos et al. 2018. These data are being published only in the interest of full data transparency. These data have very important limitations, discussed in the supporting information of Marinos et al. 2018, and the authors advise anybody considering reusing this data to be appropriately cautious. Marinos, R. E., Campbell, J. L., Driscoll, C. T., Likens, G. E., McDowell, W. H., Rosi, E. J., Rustad, L. E., & Bernhardt, E. S. (2018). Give and Take: A Watershed Acid Rain Mitigation Experiment Increases Baseflow Nitrogen Retention but Increases Stormflow Nitrogen Export. Environmental Science & Technology, 52(22), 13155–13165. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b03553 These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
McMurdo Dry Valleys LTER: Nutrient addition incubation experiments using sediments from supraglacial streams in Taylor Valley, Antarctica, December 2017
We used sediment incubations to quantify and compare nutrient uptake rates from biota living in sediment across glaciers in Taylor Valley, Antarctica. Hughes Glacier is located towards the polar plateau on the western edge of the valley and flows from the southern Kukri Hills north into the valley. Canada and Commonwealth glaciers flow south into the valley from the Asgard range. Commonwealth glacier is located closest to the ocean on the east end of the valley. Canada glacier is located mid-valley, between Hughes and Commonwealth glaciers. Sediment was brought to the lab and incubated with added nutrient solutions. Solutions were then analyzed to determine change in nutrient concentration.Â
Chemical and sediment characteristics of ice cores collected from the ablation zones of Canada, Commonwealth, Howard, Hughes, and Seuss Glaciers in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica from 2015 to 2019
This data package contains chemical and sediment characteristics of ice cores collected from the ablation zones of five glaciers in Taylor Valley, located in the McMurdo Dry Valleys region of Antarctica, during the 2015-16, 2016-17, 2017-18, and 2018-19 austral summers. Specifically, shallow ice cores were collected from the ablation zones of Hughes, Howard, Seuss, Commonwealth, and Canada Glaciers in order to characterize the spatial and temporal evolution of ice chemistry and sediment concentration across Taylor Valley. Cores were collected in triplicate from each sampling location and measured 79 mm in diameter and up to 1 m in depth. Cores were sectioned in 5 cm (0-25 cm depth) and 25 cm increments (25 cm to the maximum depth of the core) prior to analyzing chemical and sediment characteristics.
McMurdo Dry Valleys Airborn Sediment Traps / Aeolian Distribution of Soil Biota
Dispersal of soil organisms is crucial for their spatial distribution and adaptation to the prevailing conditions of the Antarctic Dry Valleys. This study investigate the possibility of wind dispersal of soil invertebrates within the dry valleys. Soil invertebrates were evaluated in wind-transported dust particles in collection pans (Bundt pans) 100 cm above the soil surface. Three species of nematode were recovered and Scottnema lindsayae was the most dominant. There were more juveniles (71%) in the transported sediments than adults (29%). The abundance of immobile (dead) nematodes in the Bundt pans was three times higher than active (live) nematodes. Anhydrobiosis constitutes a survival mechanism that allows wind dispersal of nematodes in the McMurdo Dry Valleys.
McMurdo Dry Valleys Iodine content and I-129 isotopic composition in McMurdo lake-bottom sediments
As part of a collaborative investigation between researchers at Rice University, Arkansas State University, University of Rochester, and Ohio State University, lakes of the McMurdo Dry Valleys were sampled at discreet depth intervals during the 2005-2006 field season.  Sample splits were subsequently analyzed for chemical and isotopic composition of both gases and dissolved  ions, as well as dissolved organic carbon. In addition, cryogenic salts were sampled in the surrounding lake shores in order to determine the salt sources. Gravity cores were also obtained and the pore waters were collected by centrifuging the wet sediment.  Presented  in this file is the total iodine content and I-129 isotopic composition of lake-bottom sediments from Lakes Joyce and Fryxell. An attempt was made to determine the  iodine and chlorine isotopic content  of gypsum cored from the bottom of Lake Vanda, but the total iodine content was below detection.       Â
Ammonium desorption of hyporheic sediments from Von Guerard Stream, McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica (January 2019)
This data package provides analytic results for a laboratory assay on sediment samples collected in January 2019 from a transect (“P2”) across Von Guerard Stream (as described by Heindel et al. 2021), located in Taylor Valley, McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica. We used excess sample from that study in a laboratory desorption assay to assess conductivity dependent desorption of ammonium. The assay was performed by mixing samples with potassium chloride treatment solutions that replicate the range of specific conductivities observed in Von Guerard Stream, shaking and centrifuging slurries, and analyzing filtered supernatant.
MCR LTER: Coral Reef: Water Column: Particle sedimentation on the Forereef, Back Reef and Fringing Reef
This data package contains measurements of the sedimentation rate of particulate matter to the seafloor on the forereef, backreef and fringing reef of the north shore of Moorea, French Polynesia, during 2 to 4 seasons per year from August 2005 to January 2011. Measurements include estimates of the accumulation rate of particulate organic carbon (POC), particulate organic nitrogen (PON), and dry mass. Samples were collected with 2 different types of sediment traps. From August, 2005 to January 2008 samples were collected using plastic door matting placed in plastic trays 1 cm deep and 195.5 cm2 in area. From January, 2008 to January, 2011 samples were collected in plastic tubes 5.2 cm inside diameter and 17.5 cm high (21.26 cm2). During each sampling period 3 replicate traps were placed at random on the seafloor and retrieved approximately 24 hours later. See caveats to data interpretation in methods discussion.
Free and exchangeable ammonium in sediments of the Parker River estuary
Comparison of NH4+ freely available in sediment porewater to NH4+ exchangeable from sediments, and the variabilty with porewater salinity as it changes with season and along a transect of the Parker River estuary.
Fertilized and reference tidal creek sediment chlorophyll a and pheophytin concentrations following whole core incubations, Ipswich and Rowley, MA
Salt marsh ecosystems serve as critical nutrient filters by removing reactive nitrogen (N) through denitrification. We examined the influence of long-term fertilization on N transformation and removal in a salt marsh tidal creek ecosystem fringing the Plum Island Sound estuary in northern Massachusetts, USA. Sediment oxygen demand was within the range of other marsh systems (1271.9 to 7855.0 µmol m-2 h-1) and was not significantly different between the fertilized and reference creek. Net N2 fluxes ranged from net N fixation of -402.7 µmol N2-N m-2 h-1 in the reference creek to net denitrification of 524.9 µmol N2-N m-2 h-1 in the fertilized creek. Net N2 flux and nitrate uptake were significantly higher in the fertilized creek, and in both creeks, net denitrification appeared to be nitrate limited. We calculated rates of dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) and found it to be significantly higher in the fertilized creek, representing 45 and 11% of the total nitrate uptake in the fertilized and reference creeks, respectively. Additionally, there was a strong relationship between ammonium and nitrite fluxes in both creeks. These results suggest that DNRA may outcompete denitrification at high nitrate concentrations. Increased anthropogenic nutrient loading may therefore have a detrimental effect on the N removal capacity of salt marsh ecosystems. (From: Vieillard and Fulweiler (2012) Marine Ecology Progress Series 147: 11-22. DOI:10.3354/meps10013).
Sediment oxygen, di-nitrogen (gas), nitrate, nitrite, ammonium, phosphate, and silicate flux from sealed, whole sediment core incubations from a fertilized (Sweeney) and reference (West) creek in the Plum Island Estuary, Massachusetts.
Salt marsh ecosystems serve as critical nutrient filters by removing reactive nitrogen (N) through denitrification. We examined the influence of long-term fertilization on N transformation and removal in a salt marsh tidal creek ecosystem fringing the Plum Island Sound estuary in northern Massachusetts, USA. Sediment oxygen demand was within the range of other marsh systems (1271.9 to 7855.0 µmol m-2 h-1) and was not significantly different between the fertilized and reference creek. Net N2 fluxes ranged from net N fixation of -402.7 µmol N2-N m-2 h-1 in the reference creek to net denitrification of 524.9 µmol N2-N m-2 h-1 in the fertilized creek. Net N2 flux and nitrate uptake were significantly higher in the fertilized creek, and in both creeks, net denitrification appeared to be nitrate limited. We calculated rates of dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) and found it to be significantly higher in the fertilized creek, representing 45 and 11% of the total nitrate uptake in the fertilized and reference creeks, respectively. Additionally, there was a strong relationship between ammonium and nitrite fluxes in both creeks. These results suggest that DNRA may outcompete denitrification at high nitrate concentrations. Increased anthropogenic nutrient loading may therefore have a detrimental effect on the N removal capacity of salt marsh ecosystems. (From: Vieillard and Fulweiler (2012) Marine Ecology Progress Series 147: 11-22. DOI:10.3354/meps10013).
Sediment profiles of dissolved oxygen and nitrous oxide along with temperature and sediment water content, Rowley River, Rowley, MA
Environmental pulses, or sudden, marked changes to the conditions within an ecosystem, can be important drivers of resource availability in many systems. In this study, we investigated the effect of tidal pulsing on the fluxes of nitrous oxide (N2O), a powerful greenhouse gas, from a marine intertidal mudflat on the north shore of Massachusetts, USA. We found these tidal flat sediments to be a sink of N2O at low tide with an average uptake rate of ??6.7 6 2 lmol??m??2??h??1. Further, this N2O sink increased the longer sediments were tidally exposed. These field measurements, in conjunction with laboratory nutrient additions, revealed that this flux appears to be driven primarily by sediment denitrification. Additionally, N2O uptake was most responsive to dissolved inorganic nitrogen with phosphorus (DINþDIP) addition, suggesting that the N2O consumption process may be P limited. Furthermore, nutrient addition experiments suggest that dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) releases N2O at the highest levels of nitrate fertilization. Our findings indicate that tidal flats are important sinks of N2O, potentially capable of offsetting the release of this potent greenhouse gas by other, nearby ecosystems.
Water column nitrate and ammonium concentrations, sediment oxygen, di-nitrogen (gas), nitrate, nitrite, ammonium, phosphate, and silicate flux from sealed, whole core incubations, Rowley River, Rowley, MA.
Tidal flats are critical components of coastal estuarine ecosystems characterized by high rates of benthic primary productivity and biogeochemical cycling. In order to investigate the impact of anthropogenic nutrient loading on tidal flat biogeochemistry we carried out a two-week fertilization experiment. Throughout the course of the study we conducted two light-dark, whole-core incubations and took measurements of three indicators of microphytobenthos activity in addition to quantifying the resident eastern mud snail (Ilyanassa obsoleta) population.
Sediment grain characteristics and clam densities for clam flat surveys during 2010 in the Plum Island Sound estuary, Newbury, Rowley and Ipswich, MA.
In 2010 a study was conducted at five sites in the Rowley and Parker Rivers, Northeast Massachusetts, to determine the distribution and density of soft shell clams along a transect from the high to low tide line, as well as the sediment grain size distribution a t each of the sites.
Sediment porewater nutrients, sulfide, pH, and alkalinity in the Parker and Rowley River, Massachusetts
Measurements of sediment porewater nutrient, sulfide, pH, and alkalinity, 1993 -2004, at a variety of sites and salinities throughout the Plum Island Sound estuary.
Sediment redox potential in the Parker and Rowley River, Massachusetts
Measurements of sediment redox potential at 4 stations along a transect of the Parker River and near the mouth of the Rowley River, Newbury and Rowley, Massachusetts during 1993 and 1994.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.