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671 results for “Tyrannosaurus”
Figure 13. Cleveland tyrannosaur skull, CMNH 7541 in The Cleveland tyrannosaur skull (Nanotyrannus or Tyrannosaurus): new findings based on CT scanning, with special reference to the braincase
Figure 13. Cleveland tyrannosaur skull, CMNH 7541. Volume renderings of digitally extracted vomer derived from CT data in A, dorsal; B, left lateral views. Note that rostral portion of the bone is primitive in being lanceolate and forked. Dotted lines represent restored portions in the area corresponding to the transverse oblique plane of fracture (see Figure 4C). Scale bar equals 5 cm. See Appendix for abbreviations.
Figure 1 in Cannibalism in Tyrannosaurus rex
Figure 1. Tooth marks made by Tyrannosaurus rex. Aı hadrosaurid metatarsal (UCMP uncatalogued) and closeup of tooth marks on distal articular surface. Bı fragment of hadrosaurid pubis (CM 105) showing tooth marks on prepubic process. Cı ceratopsid? frill element (TMP 1998.102.2) showing tooth mark. Dı Triceratops right squamosal (YPM 53263) showing tooth marks on edge. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0013419.g001
Figure 14. Cleveland tyrannosaur skull, CMNH 7541. A–D in The Cleveland tyrannosaur skull (Nanotyrannus or Tyrannosaurus): new findings based on CT scanning, with special reference to the braincase
Figure 14. Cleveland tyrannosaur skull, CMNH 7541. A–D, progressively more caudal CT slices through the snout at the position shown in E, showing structures interpretable as respiratory turbinates (arrows). Note that some symmetry is preserved in A and B. In C, a structure (arrow) can be seen to cross a crack. D shows a series of structures associated with the maxilla. Scale bar equals 1 cm.
Figure 8. Cleveland tyrannosaur skull, CMNH 7541 in The Cleveland tyrannosaur skull (Nanotyrannus or Tyrannosaurus): new findings based on CT scanning, with special reference to the braincase
Figure 8. Cleveland tyrannosaur skull, CMNH 7541. Surface renderings of digitally extracted braincase derived from CT data in A, rostral; B, rostroventral; C, ventral views. Figure 7A–C shows corresponding stereopairs of volume renderings. Scale bar equals 10 cm. See Appendix for abbreviations.
Figure 10. Cleveland tyrannosaur skull, CMNH 7541 in The Cleveland tyrannosaur skull (Nanotyrannus or Tyrannosaurus): new findings based on CT scanning, with special reference to the braincase
Figure 10. Cleveland tyrannosaur skull, CMNH 7541. Volume (A) and surface (B) renderings of digitally extracted left quadrate derived from CT data in medial view. Volume renderings (A) are stereopairs; arrow points to the pneumatic foramen. Surface rendering (B) is partially transparent to reveal the internal pneumatic sinus. Scale bar equals 5 cm. See Appendix for abbreviations.
Figure 7. Cleveland tyrannosaur skull, CMNH 7541 in The Cleveland tyrannosaur skull (Nanotyrannus or Tyrannosaurus): new findings based on CT scanning, with special reference to the braincase
Figure 7. Cleveland tyrannosaur skull, CMNH 7541. Volume renderings (stereopairs) of digitally extracted braincase derived from CT data in A, rostral; B, rostroventral; C, ventral views. Figure 8A–C provides corresponding labeled views. Scale bar equals 10 cm.
Figure 5. Cleveland tyrannosaur skull, CMNH 7541 in The Cleveland tyrannosaur skull (Nanotyrannus or Tyrannosaurus): new findings based on CT scanning, with special reference to the braincase
Figure 5. Cleveland tyrannosaur skull, CMNH 7541. Volume renderings (stereopairs) of digitally extracted braincase derived from CT data in A, left lateral; B, left rostroventrolateral; C, caudal views. Figure 6A–C provides corresponding labeled views. Scale bar equals 10 cm.
Figure 3. Cleveland tyrannosaur skull, CMNH 7541 in The Cleveland tyrannosaur skull (Nanotyrannus or Tyrannosaurus): new findings based on CT scanning, with special reference to the braincase
Figure 3. Cleveland tyrannosaur skull, CMNH 7541. Stereophotographs of A, skull in dorsal view; B, skull in caudal view; C, close-up of cranial base in ventral view. Orientations reflect posture with lateral semicircular canal horizontal. Scale bars equal 10 cm.
Figure 1. Cleveland tyrannosaur skull, CMNH 7541 in The Cleveland tyrannosaur skull (Nanotyrannus or Tyrannosaurus): new findings based on CT scanning, with special reference to the braincase
Figure 1. Cleveland tyrannosaur skull, CMNH 7541. Stereophotographs of skull in A, left lateral view; B, right lateral view. Orientations reflect posture with lateral semicircular canal horizontal. Scale bars equal 10 cm.
FIGURE 7. Pedal phalanx III-2 in New Examples of Tyrannosaurus rex from the Lance Formation of Wyoming, United States
FIGURE 7. Pedal phalanx III-2 YPM VP 057488(B) of Tyrannosaurus rex from the Upper Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) Buck Creek of Wyoming, USA. A, lateral view. B, medial view. C, dorsal view. D, ventral view. E, posterior view. F, anterior view. G, position of pedal phalanx III-2 in the foot (left foot). Abbreviation: lp, lateral ligament pit.
FIGURE 4 in New Examples of Tyrannosaurus rex from the Lance Formation of Wyoming, United States
FIGURE 4. Examples of an adult Tyrannosaurus rex dentaries from the Hell Creek Formation Upper Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) of North America. AMNH FR 5027 from Dry Creek, McCone County, Montana. BHI 3033 from the Niemi Ranch, near Buffalo, Harding County, South Dakota. A, lateral. B, medial. All photographs by Lawrence Witmer; used with permission.
FIGURE 5. Pedal phalanx II-2 in New Examples of Tyrannosaurus rex from the Lance Formation of Wyoming, United States
FIGURE 5. Pedal phalanx II-2 YPM VP 057488(A) of Tyrannosaurus rex from the Upper Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) Buck Creek of Wyoming, USA. A, lateral view. B, medial view. C, dorsal view. D, ventral view. E, posterior view. F, anterior view. G, position of pedal phalanx II-2 in the foot (left foot). Abbreviation: lp, lateral ligament pit.
FIGURE 2 in New Examples of Tyrannosaurus rex from the Lance Formation of Wyoming, United States
FIGURE 2. Map of the State of Wyoming, USA. The Buck Creek and the town of Lusk (A) from which pedal phalanges II-2 YPM VP 057488(A) and III-2 YPM VP 057488(B) of Tyrannosaurus rex and isolated teeth cf. Tyrannosaurus YPM VP 002220(A), YPM VP 002220(B) and YPM VP 054459(A–G) were recovered. The Bighorn basin (B) from which a right anterior dentary YPM VPPU 016516 of T. rex was recovered. Map modified from Trumbull (1913).
FIGURE 3 in New Examples of Tyrannosaurus rex from the Lance Formation of Wyoming, United States
FIGURE 3. Tyrannosaurus rex (YPM VPPU 016516) right anterior dentary fragment from the Bighorn basin of Wyoming, USA. A, lateral. B, medial. C, dorsal. D, ventral. E, anterior. A1–E1, interpretive drawings of the dentary fragment. Abbreviations: ab, convex articular brace "chin" on the dentary symphysis; alv, alveolus; alvr, alveolar row of foramina; gdl, groove for dental lamina; idp, interdental plates; fio, foramen intermandibularis oralis; ip, inflection point where anterior and ventral margins of dentary meet; lb, lingual bar; mg, Meckelian groove; rim, sinuous rim continuing anterodorsally from articular brace of symphysis; ids, interdentary symphysis; rs, rugose surface; t, tooth; ventr, ventral row of foramina.
FIGURE 9 in New Examples of Tyrannosaurus rex from the Lance Formation of Wyoming, United States
FIGURE 9. Tyrannosaurus rex YPM VP 002220(A) first dentary tooth from the Upper Cretaceous (Late Maastrichtian) Buck Creek of Wyoming, USA. A, lateral. B, posterior. C, crown base cross section.
FIGURE 8 in New Examples of Tyrannosaurus rex from the Lance Formation of Wyoming, United States
FIGURE 8. Examples of the pedal phalanx III-2 of adult Tyrannosaurus rex (FMNH PR 2081) from the Hell Creek Formation Upper Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) of South Dakota, USA. A, lateral view. B, dorsal view. C, ventral view. Abbreviation: lp, lateral ligament. Pedal phalanx III-2 redrawn from Brochu (2003).
FIGURE 11 in New Examples of Tyrannosaurus rex from the Lance Formation of Wyoming, United States
FIGURE 11. Map of the State of Wyoming and the adjacent states of Montana, North Dakota and South Dakota, USA, and of southwestern Canada showing distribution of known Tyrannosaurus rex specimens found in the Lance Formation of Wyoming. 1, YPM VP 057488(A, B), YPM VP 002220(A, B), YPM VP 054459(A–G), USNM 2110, USNM 8064, USNM 6183, UCRC PV1, "Pete" LDP 977-2, "Monty" BIOPSI and "Lee rex" from Niobrara County, Wyoming, USA. 2, BMNH R7994 (formerly AMNH 5866) from Weston County, Wyoming, USA. 3, YPM VPPU 016516 from Big Horn County, Wyoming, USA.
FIGURE 2 in How Fast Could Tyrannosaurus rex Run?
FIGURE 2. ESTIMATED EXTENSOR MUSCLE MASS per leg needed to run fast, as a fraction of total body mass. Larger animals need relatively more leg muscle to run. This dependence is illustrated by the solid line, calculated for a chicken scaled up to the size of T. rex. For several models of T. rex anatomy, the estimates (red) all require more leg muscle for running fast than the creature was likely to have had (orange dot). (Adapted from ref. 6.)
Fig. 7 in A 3D interactive method for estimating body segmental parameters in animals: Application to the turning and running performance of Tyrannosaurus rex
Fig. 7. The six cavities embedded in Tyrannosaurus Model 1's head, neck, and trunk segments, shown in right lateral (A) and dorsal (B) views. 'bc' indicates the buccal cavity; and 'pc' indicates the pharyngeal cavity.
Fig. 8 in A 3D interactive method for estimating body segmental parameters in animals: Application to the turning and running performance of Tyrannosaurus rex
Fig. 8. Six Tyrannosaurus models (in right lateral view) from our sensitivity analysis, representing the extreme high and low values obtained for mass, CM, and inertia. Shown: Model 1 (original 'skinny' model), Model 3 (largest torso), Model 7 (largest torso and legs), Model 21 (largest cavities), Model 27 (largest legs and cavities), and Model 30 ('best guess'). The right hip joint (pink circle; to left) and total body COM with respect to that point (red circle; to right) are indicated, with the x; y; z world axes (right hip joint) and the x; y; z principal axes for inertia calculations (COM) indicated by arrows.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
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