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4,563 results for “correlations”
Correlative Raman Imaging and Scanning Electron Microscopy: The Role of Single Ga Islands in Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy of Graphene_experimental dataset
<p>This dataset contains the raw unprocessed data for Piastek et al., Correlative Raman Imaging and Scanning Electron Microscopy: The Role of Single Ga Islands in Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy of Graphene, <em>J. Phys. Chem. C</em> 2022, 126, 9, 4508–4514. </p>
Correlated k coefficients for H2-He atmospheres; 622 spectral windows and 1460 pressure-temperature points
<p>There are 10 correlated k-coefficients datasets, using the naming convention sonora_2020_fehxxxx_co_yyy.data.622.tar.gz (5 models) or sonora_2020_fehxxxx_co_yyy_noTiOVO.data.622.tar.gz (5 models), where xxxx is the metallicity in 10x dex relative to solar, and yyy is the 100x C/O ratio relative to solar, as a multiplication factor. For example a metallicity of +000 and a C/O ratio of 100 indicates solar abundances, feh+070 should be read as a metallicity of +0.7 dex, feh-100 as -1.0 dex, co_100 should be read as 1x C/O relative to solar. We use the Lodders et al. 2010 value for the solar C/O=0.458. The files with “noTiOVO” in the filename contain the correlated k-coefficients calculated without the opacity of TiO and VO. The rest of the molecular abundances and opacities are the same as the equilibrium chemistry values in the regular files. These files are useful for calculating models without any TiO- and VO-induced temperature inversion in the atmosphere.</p> <p>The correlated-k coefficients are calculated using pre-mixed opacities, with abundances given by equilibrium chemistry for each metallicity-C/O combination, as described in Marley et al. 2021. There are 5 Fe/H values: 0.0, 0.5, 0.7, 1.0, and -0.3; and 1 C/O value: 1.0x solar. The k-coefficients are calculated for a grid of 1460 pressure-temperature points, from10^−6 to 3000 bar and from 75 to 4000 K, listed in the file 1460_layer_list, and can be read in using the IDL script read_k_coefficients.pro. The spectral windows are listed in the file 622_windows.txt (intervals defined as starting at lambda1 and ending at lambda2).</p> <p>The opacity sources included in the calculations are: C2H2, C2H4, C2H6, CH4, CO, CO2, CrH, Fe, FeH, H2, H3+, H2O, H2S, HCN, LiCl, LiF, LiH, MgH, N2, NH3, OCS, PH3, SiO, TiO, and VO, in addition to alkali metals (Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs). The corresponding high resolution opacities for these atoms and molecules can be found in the Zenodo repository 10.5281/zenodo.6600976. The references for the line lists used in these opacity calculations are listed in the file Opacity_references_2021.pdf. Please include these references, as well as the reference to this Zenodo repository when publishing your paper.</p> <p>Each dataset contains the following files:</p> <p>ascii_data: the correlated k coefficients file in ascii format. This can be read by the included IDL code.</p> <p>binary_data: the correlated k coefficients file in binary format</p> <p>full_abunds: the relative abundances for all the species from the chemistry files, on the 1460-point pressure-temperature grid</p> <p>sum_in_atoms: relative abundances for the alkali metals</p> <p>sum_in_layer: relative abundances for all molecules included in the correlated k-coefficients calculations</p> <p><em>Resources supporting this work were provided by the NASA High-End Computing (HEC) Program through the NASA Advanced Supercomputing (NAS) Division at Ames Research Center.</em></p>
Auto Correlation Functions Mt Ontake
<p>Auto Correlation Functions at station ONTA computed using MSNoise software (http://www.msnoise.org/) between 2013-01-01 and 2015-01-01. We used 4 different frequency bands and stacks of 5 days (last day and 4 preceding ones). The pre-processing parameters are described in the corresponding supplementary material of the paper. Filter 01 is 0.1-1 Hz, Filter 02 is 0.5-1.0 Hz and Filter 03 1.0-2.0 Hz.</p>
The evolution and biological correlates of hand preferences in anthropoid primates
<p>The evolution of human right-handedness has been intensively debated for decades. Manual lateralization patterns in non-human primates have the potential to elucidate evolutionary determinants of human handedness. However, restricted species samples and inconsistent methodologies have so far limited comparative phylogenetic studies. By combining original data with published literature reports, we assembled data on hand preferences for standardized object manipulation in 1,786 individuals from 38 species of anthropoid primates, including monkeys, apes, and humans. Based on that, we employ quantitative phylogenetic methods to test prevalent hypotheses on the roles of ecology, brain size and tool use in primate handedness evolution. We confirm that human right-handedness represents an unparalleled extreme among anthropoids and found taxa displaying population-level handedness to be rare. Species-level direction of manual lateralization was largely uniform among non-human primates and did not strongly correlate with any of the selected biological predictors, nor with phylogeny. In contrast, we recovered highly variable patterns of hand preference strength, which show signatures of both ecology and phylogeny. In particular, terrestrial primates tend to display weaker hand preferences than arboreal species. These results challenge popular ideas on primate handedness evolution, especially the postural origins hypothesis. Furthermore, they point to a potential adaptive benefit of disparate lateralization strength in primates, a measure of hand preference that has often been overlooked in the past. Finally, our data show that human lateralization patterns do not align with trends found among other anthropoids, suggesting that unique selective pressures gave rise to the unusual hand preferences of our species.</p>
The role of diversity, body size and climate in dung removal: a correlative and experimental approach
<p>The mechanisms by which climatic changes influence ecosystem functions, i.e. by a direct climatic control of ecosystem processes or by modifying richness and trait compositions of species communities, remain unresolved. This study is a contribution to this discourse by elucidating the linkages between climate, land use, biodiversity, body size and ecosystem functions. We disentangled direct climatic from biodiversity-mediated effects by using dung removal by dung beetles as a model system and by combining correlative field data and exclosure experiments along an extensive elevational gradient on Mt. Kilimanjaro, Tanzania. Dung removal declined with increasing elevation, being associated with a strong reduction in the richness and body size traits of dung beetle communities. Climate influenced dung removal rates by modifying biodiversity rather than by direct effects. The biodiversity-ecosystem effect was driven by a change in the mean body size of dung beetles. Dung removal rates were strongly reduced when large dung beetles were experimentally excluded. This study underscores that climate influences ecosystem functions mainly by modifying biodiversity and underpins the important role of body size for dung removal.</p>
Training Data for "DeepCLEM: automated registration for correlative light and electron microscopy using deep learning"
<p><strong>This folder contains the training dataset used for the paper</strong></p> <p>"DeepCLEM: automated registration for correlative light and electron microscopy using deep learning"</p> <p><em>Rick Seifert, Sebastian M. Markert, Sebastian Britz, Veronika Perschin, Christoph Erbacher, Christian Stigloher and Philip Kollmannsberger</em></p> <p>F1000Research 9:1275 (2020), https://f1000research.com/articles/9-1275</p> <p>------------------------------------------------------------</p> <p>These are 117+4 manually aligned CLEM images of C.elegans acquired by Sebastian M. Markert, Sebastian Britz and Rick Seifert in the Electron Microscopy Facility of the Biocenter of University of Wuerzburg, Germany. For details and experimental protocols, please see the paper linked above.</p> <p>Contents:</p> <ul> <li>"fluo_training": Fluorescence microscopic channel of the 117 training images </li> <li>"sem_training": Scanning electron microscopic channel of the 117 training images</li> <li>"fluo_validation": Fluorescence microscopic channel of the 4 validation images </li> <li>"sem_validation": Scanning electron microscopic channel of the 4 validation images</li> </ul> <p>License: CC-BY 4.0</p>
A study of the spatial correlation network structure of urban innovation in Guangdong
<p>Based on the modified gravity model, a spatial correlation network of innovation was constructed among cities in Guangdong, China. Social network analysis was employed to explore their evolution characteristics during 2009–2017. The results indicate that the innovation output of prefecture-level cities in Guangdong Province shows both spatial correlations and differences. Their network shows lower density, higher efficiency, and rigid stratification properties. Based on small cluster analysis, these cities are classified into four blocks, the members of which changed. In 2017, four well-defined subgroups formed, which are "bidirectional spillover plate", "main spillover plate", "net beneficial plate", and "agent plate". With this network, the geographical characteristics of the innovation capabilities and differences among the cities in Guangdong, as well as the different positions and roles of each city in the associated network, can be properly understood. Consequently, the transmission mechanisms and development strategies of innovation in Guangdong Province can be better explored.</p>
Effects of a body manipulation of Japanese martial arts on interpersonal correlation of postural sway
<p><span>This study aimed to investigate the nature of a specific body manipulation named Suichoku-Ririku (SR) in Japanese martial arts. SR is regarded as a method to change the way of stance and to distort the balance control of the opponent, but its nature and mechanism are unknown. In the present study, we attempted to determine the effect of SR in the cases where a person stood alone (Expt. 1) and where two persons stood in contact (Expt. 2). We compared several centers of pressure (COP) measures between the normal stance and SR stance conditions. When participants stood independently (Expt. 1), the COP path length, the standard deviation of COP velocity, and permutation entropy of the COP increased with the SR stance, which suggested that the SR maneuver destabilized a quiet stance. When two participants stood (with normal stance) in contact by wrist-holding or by light touch (Expt. 2), their COP motions were correlated with each other, as previously reported. When one of the participants took the SR maneuver, their correlation and mutual information were maintained, denying the view that SR would diminish the interpersonal correlation of body sway. On the other hand, a fluctuation in the COP increased only for the participant taking the SR maneuver, and not for the other participant. This asymmetric effect of the SR maneuver between two participants, irrespective of maintained mutual correlation, suggests that the relationship between the balance controls of two participants was partly disrupted. We discuss possible mechanisms for the present results.</span></p>
Multi-omic brain and behavioral correlates of cell-free fetal DNA methylation in macaque maternal obesity models (NMR datasets, maternal plasma and infant brain)
<p>Maternal obesity during pregnancy is associated with neurodevelopmental disorder (NDD) risk. We utilized integrative multi-omics to examine maternal obesity effects on offspring neurodevelopment in rhesus macaques by comparison to lean controls and two interventions. Differentially methylated regions (DMRs) from longitudinal maternal blood-derived cell-free fetal DNA (cffDNA) significantly overlapped with DMRs from infant brain. The DMRs were enriched for neurodevelopmental functions, methylation-sensitive developmental transcription factor motifs, and human NDD DMRs identified from brain and placenta. Brain and cffDNA methylation levels from a large region overlapping mir-663 correlated with maternal obesity, metabolic and immune markers, and infant behavior. A DUX4 hippocampal co-methylation network correlated with maternal obesity, infant behavior, infant hippocampal lipidomic and metabolomic profiles, and maternal blood measurements of DUX4 cffDNA methylation, cytokines, and metabolites. Ultimately, maternal obesity altered infant brain and behavior, and these differences were detectable in pregnancy through integrative analyses of cffDNA methylation with immune and metabolic factors. </p>
Rapid brain development and reduced neuromodulator titres correlate with host shifts in Rhagoletis pomonella
<p>Host shifts are considered a key generator of insect biodiversity. For insects, adaptation to new host plants often requires changes in larval/pupal development and behavioural preference towards new hosts. Neurochemicals play key roles in both development and behaviour, and therefore provide a potential source for such synchronization. Here, we correlated life history timing, brain development, and corresponding levels of 14 neurochemicals in <em>Rhagoletis pomonella</em> (Diptera: Tephritidae), a species undergoing ecological speciation through an ongoing host shift from hawthorn to apple fruit. These races exhibit differences in pupal diapause timing as well as adult behavioural preference with respect to their hosts. This difference in behavioural preference is coupled with differences in neurophysiological response to host volatiles. We found that apple race pupae exhibited adult brain morphogenesis three weeks faster after an identical simulated winter than the hawthorn race, which correlated with significantly lower titres of several neurochemicals. In some cases, particularly biogenic amines, differences in titres were reflected in the mature adult stage, when host preference is exhibited. In summary, <span>life history timing, neurochemical titre, and brain development </span><span>can be coupled in this speciating system, providing new hypotheses for the origins of new species through host shifts</span>.</p>
Do departure and flight route decisions correlate with immune parameters in migratory songbirds?
<p>Many songbirds migrate twice a year to exploit seasonally available resources. These journeys are energetically demanding and the energy reserves of these small birds are limited. Accordingly, most of the time migrating is spent during stopovers that serve to rest, replenish resources and recover. While external influences, like prevailing weather conditions and resource availability, are well studied with regard to stopover behavior and departure decisions, studies on how birds' individual physiological conditions and stopover decisions may be linked are scarce.</p> <p>We used a large-scale radio-telemetry network covering the German Bight (SE North Sea) to study how birds' immunological constitution at stopover may correlate with departure and flight behavior in five species of short- to medium-distance migratory songbirds. We measured markers of the innate (bacterial killing activity, lysozyme concentration, natural antibodies, and complement titers) and acquired immune function (immunoglobulin Y) in the birds' plasma. After sampling, we tracked the birds' behavior in terms of stopover duration as well as flight routes and flight distances within the telemetry network after departure.</p> <p>We found that stopover durations were positively related to natural antibodies and immunoglobulin Y across species and to the bacterial killing ability solely in song thrushes in spring, while no relations became apparent in fall. Flight distances were linked positively to immunoglobulin Y concentrations in both spring and fall, though not in all of the investigated species. Coastal and offshore-oriented routes were taken independent of the birds' immune status.</p> <p>Our study for the first time shows that the migratory behavior of songbirds in the wild is correlated with their immune status, not only during but also beyond stopover. Further, birds with increased complement titers and Immunoglobulin Y concentrations, either due to recent infection or greater investment in their immune function, took additional time at their stopover sites, probably to reach their breeding grounds in good condition. During the less time-constrained fall season, stopovers were generally prolonged, independent from the birds' immune status, and any delays taken to improve immune status are most likely not detrimental in terms of fitness.</p>
Data from: Extra-pair paternity correlates with genetic diversity, but not breeding density, in a Neotropical passerine, the Black Catbird
<p>The frequency of extra-pair paternity (EPP) varies widely across socially monogamous birds, but the proximate mechanisms driving this variation remain unclear. In this study, we tested two major factors hypothesized to influence extra-pair mating—breeding density and genetic diversity—by comparing genetic mating patterns in two populations of black catbirds <em>Melanoptila glabrirostris</em>. This Neotropical songbird is endemic to the Yucatán Peninsula, including eastern Mexico, and its offshore islands. We sampled one mainland (Sian Ka'an Biosphere Reserve) and one island (Isla Cozumel) population and used single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to quantify heterozygosity and genetic parentage over two breeding seasons. Moderate levels of EPP occurred in both populations (9.5 – 35% of offspring and 17 – 45% of nests). Contrary to predictions, breeding density did not affect EPP: although breeding densities were much higher on the mainland than on the island, EPP rates did not differ between populations, and local breeding density was not correlated with EPP at individual nests. In contrast, partial support emerged for the hypothesis that genetic diversity influences EPP: extra-pair offspring were more heterozygous than within-pair offspring. However, the two populations did not differ in genetic diversity, and neither the heterozygosity of social fathers nor within-pair relatedness predicted EPP. These results are consistent with recent comparative studies suggesting that breeding density is not a critical driver of EPP rates, and that not all tropical songbirds exhibit low rates of EPP.</p>
CD8+ T cell differentiation status correlates with the feasibility of sustained unresponsiveness following oral immunotherapy
<p>While food allergy oral immunotherapy (OIT) can provide safe and effective desensitization (DS), the immune mechanisms underlying development of sustained unresponsiveness (SU) following a period of avoidance are largely unknown. We compared high dimensional immunophenotypes of innate and adaptive immune cell subsets of participants in a phase 2 randomized, controlled, peanut OIT trial who achieved SU vs. DS (no vs. with allergic reactions upon food challenge after a withdrawal period; n=21 vs. 30 respectively among total 120 intent-to-treat participants). Lower frequencies of naïve CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells and terminally differentiated CD57+ CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell subsets at baseline (pre-OIT) were highly associated with SU. Frequency of naïve CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells showed a significant positive correlation with peanut- and Ara h 2-specific IgE at baseline. Higher frequencies of IL-4<sup>+</sup> and IFNg<sup>+</sup> CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells post-OIT were negatively correlated with SU. Our findings provide compelling evidence that an immune signature consisting of certain CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell subset frequencies is predictive of SU following OIT.</p>
Correlation between fine root traits and pathogen richness depends on plant mycorrhizal types
<p class="MsoNormal"><span><span>Root uptake strategies are associated with the strength of negative plant</span><span>–</span><span>soil feedback induced (PSF) induced by soil pathogens. Given the intensified effect of pathogen richness in fine roots on the strength of negative PSF through the synergistic effects of multiple pathogens, researchers have proposed a trade-off between nutrient acquisition and pathogen defence in roots. However, empirical evidence is lacking. In addition, because the interaction between pathogens and fine roots depends on the mycorrhizal types of tree species, both fine root traits and mycorrhizal types should be incorporated to reveal covariation in pathogen richness and the strength of negative PSF. In this study, we selected 50 arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) tree species and 7 ectomycorrhizal (ECM) tree species in a subtropical forest to investigate the relationships between fine root traits and pathogen richness in fine roots and determined whether their relationships depended on plant mycorrhizal types. Our results showed that pathogen richness was negatively correlated with fine root diameter but was positively correlated with specific root length for the AM-associated species, while for the ECM-associated species, the pathogen richness was only found to have a significant negative relationship with the relative abundance of ECM fungi. These findings highlight the difference between AM- and ECM-associated species in pathogen defence and bridge the gap between root traits and pathogen richness, which is significant for improving our understanding of the potential factors mediating the strength of PSF and thus maintaining tree species diversity.</span></span></p>
Raw and processed data for 'Purification-based quantum error mitigation of pair-correlated electron simulations'
<p>Experimental data for 'Demonstration of purification-based error mitigation for quantum simulation'</p> <p>This directory contains two folders - 'final_data_sets' and 'plots_for_paper'.<br> 'final_data_sets' contains directories with raw experimental data, either in the form of raw shots, or accumulated expectation values. Everything is stored in either json or pickle format. This data was processed to generate the datasets in subfolders of 'plots_for_paper', which also contains notebooks for generating plots in the paper (data processing scripts to appear soon). Note that the python file to generate Fig.3 is in 'plots_for_paper/paper_plot_ring_opening_sixq_10q'.</p> <p>For any further questions, please email teobrien@google.com.</p>
Benchmarking single-photon sources from an auto-correlation measurement
<p>Dataset of measurements for "Benchmarking single-photon sources from an auto-correlation measurement".</p>
Cross-correlations and symmetries in genetic sequences
<p>Data sets and supporting material used in the manuscript</p> <p>"The common origin of symmetry and structure in genetic sequences" by<br> G. Cristadoro , M. Degli Esposti , E. G. Altmann<br> https://arxiv.org/abs/1710.02348</p> <p>Output of calculations can be seen in the file:<br> Notebook.html</p> <p>In order to repeat calculations or explore different choices:</p> <ol> <li>Download all files to the same directory</li> <li>Uncompress the "data.tar.gz" file (e.g., using tar -xzvf data.tar.gz)</li> <li>Open the Notebook using Python 3.0 in Jupyter (www.jupyter.org)</li> </ol> <p> </p>
Sample Dataset for SIM/STORM Correlation
<p>Final SIM Reconstruction.tif<br> Tubulin-stained HeLa cell reconstructed from 3D SIM acquisition.<br> The 3D stack was then Maximum-Projected</p> <p>Final STORM Reconstruction.tif<br> Result from ThunderSTORM analyis with astigmatism, projected in 2D</p> <p>SIM and STORM Folders<br> Contains a series of raw bead images acquired on the same microscope using either the SIM optics or the STORM optics. In our case, the difference between the two comes from the presence of a 2.5X lens when in SIM mode and a 1.0X lens with astigmatism when in STORM mode.<br> The images need to have the same name in both folders in order for them to open properly<br> </p>
Three-Point Correlation Multipoles with AP
<p>This repository contains the backbones for the computation of 3PCF theoretical predictions.</p> <p>See attached code</p> <p> </p>
Data from: Variation in flower size and shape of Impatiens capensis is correlated with urbanization in Montreal, Canada
<p><span>Urbanization is changing the conditions in which many species live, forcing them to adjust to these novel environments. Floral size and shape are critical traits for the reproduction of plants pollinated by animals as they are involved in the attraction of pollinators and in efficient pollination. Variation in size and shape could be affected by urbanization via its modification of the abiotic environment (habitat fragmentation, water availability, temperature, soil properties), or via its impact on the biotic environment of plants (pollination, herbivory). Although numerous studies have assessed the impact of urbanization on pollinator communities and on many plant traits, few have investigated its impact on floral size and shape while quantifying the proportion of the total urbanization effect that is due to biotic interactions. In this study, we tested if urbanization and pollinator visitation rates affects the flower shape of the spotted jewelweed, <em>Impatiens capensis</em>. We quantified size and shape of flowers in frontal and profile views using geometric morphometrics for 228 individuals from six populations from the region of Montreal, Canada. Pollinator visitation rates were estimated at each site and the main pollinators were found to be bumblebees, honeybees and hummingbirds. We found that floral size and shape are significantly correlated with urbanization as measured by the amount of vegetation in the surrounding environment of the plants (mean normalized vegetation index, NDVI) and by the visitation rates of bumblebees and honey bees. Partitioning of the total flower shape variation suggests that urbanization affects flower shape through abiotic factors and via its impact on pollinator visitation rates. While further studies from other cities are necessary to confirm the role of urbanization in shaping the floral shape of <em>I. capensis</em>, these results support the idea that urbanization could affect flower shapes.</span></p>
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.