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739 results for “data loss”

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dryad28/100

Species traits and CWM data: Recent warming causes functional borealization and diversity loss in deep fish communities east of Greenland

Aim: We asessed whether functional turnover in east Greenland fish driven by increased occurrence of boreal species compensates for the climate-driven loss of species thereby maintaining functional diversity and ecological function. Location: The study region encompasses a shelf and slope area located offshore between 63° N and 66° N, east of Greenland. Methods: We investigated spatio-temporal changes in fish communities based on a unique dataset covering a depth range of 1500m over 18 years combined with a demersal fish trait dataset. We analyzed the species by trait matrix using principal component analysis (PCA). To investigate trait patterns across the communities (sites), community weighted mean (CWM) traits were calculated and analysed using PCA. The CWM traits matrix was further analysed by redundancy analysis (RDA) with depth-strata and year as explanatory variables. Results: We found signs of a taxonomic and functional borealization, associated with a loss in functional diversity, down to 1000m, characterized by an increase in mobile generalists, and a decrease in bottom dwelling benthivores. The functional turnover brought about by boreal species was not sufficient to compensate for the loss of Arctic species traits, hence the loss in functional diversity. Main conclusions: The functional turnover brought about by boreal species was not sufficient to compensate for the loss of Arctic species traits that may negatively affect ecosystem robustness to environmental change. These observations are most likely not unique to this study area, and calls for the inclusion of the deep sea in climate adaptation of management strategies.

opencc-zeroJul 2022View details →

zenodo28/100

Data for "Pressure-induced non-radiative losses in halide perovskite light-emitting diodes"

The crystal structure files for the optimised pristine and defective MAPbBr3 in 2x2x2 supercell.

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2022View details →

dryad28/100

Data from: Loss of reproductive parasitism following transfer of male-killing Wolbachia to Drosophila melanogaster and Drosophila simulans

Wolbachia manipulates insect host biology through a variety of means that result in elevated fitness of infected females, enhancing its own transmission. A Wolbachia strain (wInn) naturally infecting D. innubila induces male-killing, while native strains of D. melanogaster and D. simulans usually induce cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI). In this study, we transferred wInn to D. melanogaster and D. simulans by embryonic microinjection, expecting conservation of the male-killing phenotype to the novel hosts, which are more suitable for genetic analysis. In contrast to our expectations, there was no effect on offspring sex ratio. Furthermore, no CI was observed in the transinfected flies. Overall, transinfected D. melanogaster lines displayed lower transmission rate and lower densities of Wolbachia than transinfected D. simulans lines, in which established infections were transmitted with near-perfect fidelity. In D. simulans, strain wInn had no effect on fecundity and egg to adult development. Surprisingly, one of the two transinfected lines tested showed increased longevity. We discuss our results in the context of host-symbiont co-evolution and the potential of symbionts to invade novel host species.

opencc-zeroDec 2011View details →

dryad28/100

Data from: The influence of social preferences and reputational concerns on intergroup prosocial behavior in gains and losses contexts

To what extent do people help ingroup members based on a social preference to improve ingroup members' outcomes, versus strategic concerns about preserving their reputation within their group? And do these motives manifest differently when a prosocial behaviour occurs in the context of helping another gain a positive outcome (study 1), versus helping another to avoid losing a positive outcome (study 2)? In both contexts, we find that participants are more prosocial towards ingroup (versus outgroup members) and more prosocial when decisions are public (versus private) but find no interaction between group membership and either anonymity of the decision or expected economic value of helping. Therefore, consistent with a preference-based account of ingroup favouritism, people appear to prefer to help ingroup members more than outgroup members, regardless of whether helping can improve their reputation within their group. Moreover, this preference to help ingroup members appears to take the form of an intuitive social heuristic to help ingroup members, regardless of the economic incentives or possibility of reputation management. Theoretical and practical implications for the study of intergroup prosocial behaviour are discussed.

opencc-zeroDec 2014View details →

dryad28/100

Data from: Mouse screen reveals multiple new genes underlying mouse and human hearing loss

Adult-onset hearing loss is very common but we know little about the underlying molecular pathogenesis, impeding development of therapies. We took a genetic approach to identify new molecules involved in hearing loss by screening a large cohort of newly-generated mouse mutants using a sensitive electrophysiological test, the auditory brainstem response. We review here the findings from this screen. Thirty-eight unexpected genes associated with raised thresholds were detected from our unbiased sample of 1,211 genes tested, suggesting extreme genetic heterogeneity. A wide range of auditory pathophysiologies was found, and some mutant lines showed normal development followed by deterioration of responses, revealing new molecular pathways involved in progressive hearing loss. Several of the genes were associated with the range of hearing thresholds in the human population and one, SPNS2, was involved in childhood deafness. The new pathways required for maintenance of hearing discovered by this screen present new therapeutic opportunities.

opencc-zeroDec 2018View details →

dryad28/100

Data from: Comparison of seven simple loss models for runoff prediction at the plot, hillslope and catchment scale in the semiarid southwestern U.S.

Infiltration excess overland flow is the dominant mechanism for runoff generation in many dryland watersheds. Event-based rainfall-runoff models therefore partition precipitation into two components: loss and excess precipitation. The latter is then transformed into a runoff hydrograph. Numerous loss models have been developed over the past century ranging from simple empirical to sophisticated physically based methods. Complex models can lead to equifinality and associated uncertainty at larger spatial scales with varying soil and cover conditions. Simple models are therefore widely used in hydrologic practice. In the absence of measured data in many arid and semiarid regions, model parameters are often estimated based on laboratory or field infiltrometer tests. Given the documented importance of spatial scale on the runoff response in dryland catchments, it is not clear how models parameterized at the point or soil column scale will perform at the hillslope or catchment scale under real-world conditions. In this study, we compared the performance of seven simple loss models with three or less parameters: the Philip, Smith-Parlange, Horton, Kostiakov, curve number (CN), initial and constant (IC) and the linear and constant (LC) models. The latter is a modification of the IC model introduced in this study. We estimated parameters at the plot scale (2.8 m2) using rainfall simulation and then tested model performance at the hillslope (1.5–3.7 ha) and catchment scale (2.4–2.8 km2) based on measured rainfall-runoff data at two sites in New Mexico and Arizona, U.S. Results show that rainfall simulation can be used successfully to parameterize loss models at the hillslope scale. At the catchment scale, most models showed positive bias, suggesting that other losses (such as channel or transmission losses) play an important role in determining the catchment runoff response. Rainfall intensity and temporal distribution were found to be crucial for accurate runoff prediction. Models that are sensitive to rainfall intensity during the entire simulation (Philip, Smith-Parlange, Horton, Kostiakov, LC) therefore performed better than those with an initial abstraction term (CN, IC). During intermittent rain, the best results were achieved by methods expressing infiltration capacity as a function of cumulative infiltration (LC, Smith-Parlange).

opencc-zeroSep 2021View details →

dryad28/100

Body temperature, evaporative water loss and resting metabolic rate data for six southern African bats

1. The microsites that animals occupy during the rest phase of their circadian activity cycle influence their physiology and behaviour, but relatively few studies have examined correlations between interspecific variation in thermal physiology and roost microclimate. Among bats, there is some evidence that species exposed to high roost temperatures (Troost) possess greater heat tolerance and evaporative cooling capacity, but the small number of species for which both thermal physiology and roost microclimate data exist mean that the generality of this pattern remains unclear. 2. Here, we test the hypothesis that bat heat tolerance and evaporative cooling capacity have co-evolved with roost preferences. We predicted that species occupying roosts poorly buffered from high outside environmental temperature exhibit higher heat tolerance and evaporative cooling capacity compared to species inhabiting buffered roosts in which Troost remains well below outside conditions. 3. We used flow-through respirometry to investigate thermoregulation at air temperatures (Ta) approaching and exceeding normothermic body temperature (Tb) among six species with broadly similar body mass but differing in roost microclimate (hot versus cool roosts). We combined these data with empirical measurements of Troost for each study population. 4. Hot-roosting species tolerated Ta ~4 °C higher than cool-roosting bats before the onset of loss of coordinated locomotion and non-regulated hyperthermia. The evaporative scope [i.e., ratio of maximum evaporative water loss (EWL) to minimum thermoneutral EWL] of hot-roosting species (16.1 ± 2.4) was substantially higher than that of cool-roosting species (5.9 ± 2.4). Maximum evaporative cooling capacities (i.e., evaporative heat loss / metabolic heat production) of hot-roosting species were > 2, while the corresponding values for cool-roosting species were ≤1. 5. The greater heat tolerance and higher evaporative cooling capacity of hot-roosting species compared with those occupying cooler roosts reveal variation in bat evaporative cooling capacity correlated with roost microclimate, supporting the hypothesis that thermal physiology has co-evolved with roost preference.

opencc-zeroSep 2021View details →

dryad28/100

Data from: Enhanced specific loss power of hematite-chitosan nanohybrid synthesized by hydrothermal method

We used a hydrothermal technique for producing hematite (a-Fe2O3) nanoparticles that were then functionalized with chitosan. The prepared iron oxide (a-Fe2O3) nanoparticles were single-phase, according to XRD analysis. The presence of lattice fringes in the HRTEM image confirmed the crystalline nature of the a-Fe2O3. The samples were coated with chitosan and the coating was confirmed by the spectra of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis. The Mössbauer spectra reveal a mixed relaxation state, which is also supported by the PPMS study. A zero field cooled study revealed the existence of a Morin transition. The hydrodynamic diameter of the coated particles was measured using the dynamic light scattering technique (DLS) to be between 218 and 235 nm, with a polydispersity index ranging from 0.048 to 0.119. The zeta potential was +46.8 mV, which is appropriate for colloidal stability. Both the Vero and HeLa cell lines demonstrated viability incubated for 24 hrs. with the colloids of different concentrations. The maximum temperature, Tmax attained by the hematite-chitosan nanohybrid solution of 0.25 and 4 mg/ml — the lowest and highest concentration, was 42.9 and 48.3ºC, and the specific loss power, SLP was 501.6 and 35.53, which are remarkably high for the Mmax; 300K = 1.98 emu/g.

opencc-zeroSep 2023View details →

dryad28/100