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986 results for “exchange”
Genetic Diversity, Ecological Niches, and Climate Change Vulnerability of Aspens in the Upper Midwest:Leaf gas exchange
Quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides) is the most cosmopolitan tree species in North America and an important native at Cedar Creek and across the Midwest. Aspen stands are quite common through eastern, central, and northern Minnesota, and occur sporadically in cool, wet microclimates across the Great Plains. Currently, these stands are in decline, are poorly reproducing in the wild, and are suffering from a range of stresses. Climate change associated phenomena, drought and altered freeze-thaw cycles, have contributed to massive aspen dieback, especially in the American West. We have received funding from the National Park Service to assess the genetic diversity and hybrid status, age structure and health, ecological niche and historical rate of range contraction, and drought and freezing tolerance physiology of an aspen stand of interest at the Niobrara National Scenic River (NNSR) in northern Nebraska. As part of this project, we are also studying genetic diversity and physiological vulnerability to climate change in quaking and bigtooth (P. grandidentata) aspen populations in Minnesota, Wisconsin, Iowa, South Dakota, and Nebraska. We will use genetic markers to identify genetically unique stands and compare growth and survival of these to populations of the parent species under different drought and freeze-thaw conditions. This study will allow us to better pinpoint the causes of decline in the NNSR aspen stands and aspen stands across the upper Midwest, and potentially provide guidance to managers on the prioritization of particular stands for conservation or in identifying genetic sources for any ex situ conservation or assisted migration.
Intercompartmental trophic exchanges from an inverse plankton foodweb model for the north and south penguin foraging regions in the Palmer LTER study area, 1995 - 2006.
Plankton foodwebs can be represented by systems of biotic living and nonliving compartments linked by networks of intercompartmental trophic exchanges (“flows”). These include grazing, respiration, excretion, nutrient uptake and other physiological processes. Not all flows can be readily measured. The inverse model technique is used to provide objective estimates of unmeasured flows. This dataset includes complete model flows for representative plankton foodwebs in the north and south LTER study area and their associated uncertainties.
System data - Enabling inter-area reserves exchanges through stable benefit allocation mechanisms
<p>Appendix for paper 'Enabling inter-area reserves exchanges through stable benefit allocation mechanisms' </p> <p>This repository contains the system data for the case study presented in the paper.</p> <p>This is a joint work by Orcun Karaca, Stefanos Delikaraoglou, Gabriela Hug and Maryam Kamgarpour</p>
Effect of surface inhomogeneity of ion exchange membranes on the mass transfer efficiency in pulsed electric field modes
<p>Video 1: Visualization of the vortex structures at the Neosepta AMX membrane surface in the desalination channel of the electrodialysis cell in the DC mode at i = 3.0 ilimLev;</p> <p>Video 2: Visualization of the vortex structures at the Neosepta AMX membrane surface in the desalination channel of the electrodialysis cell in the PEF mode at iav = 3.0 ilimLev (f = 0.5 Hz, α = 1/2);</p> <p>Video 3: Visualization of the vortex structures at the Neosepta AMX membrane surface in the desalination channel of the electrodialysis cell in the PEF mode at iav = 3.0 ilimLev (f = 5.0 Hz, α = 1/2).</p>
FIG. 9 in Hunting, husbandry, exchange and ritual: animal use and meaning at Moxviquil, Chiapas Mexico
FIG. 9. — Small marsupials and carnivores: A, Didelphis virginiana Kerr, 1792 cranial fragments,with ventral view of right dentry fragments; B-D, Eira barbara Linnaeus, 1758: B, adult right and left maxillary canines; C, adult right mandibular PM2; D, adult right and left mandibular M1. Photographs: Elizabeth Paris. Scale bar: 4 cm.
FIG. 5 in Hunting, husbandry, exchange and ritual: animal use and meaning at Moxviquil, Chiapas Mexico
FIG. 5. — Birds: A, Gallus gallus Linnaeus, 1758 premaxilla; B, Melagris sp. premaxilla; C, medium bird (Fulica americana Gmelin, 1789 or similar) right quadrate; D, medium bird distal shaft of last rib; E, medium bird distal femur shaft; F, medium bird left proximal humerus; G, unidentified element. Photographs: Elizabeth Paris. Scale bar: 4 cm.
FIG. 8 in Hunting, husbandry, exchange and ritual: animal use and meaning at Moxviquil, Chiapas Mexico
FIG. 8. — Bone artifacts from the Moxviquil monumental zone: A, large mammal long bone fragment weaving implements; B, Pelecaniformes (likely Ardea herodias Linnaeus, 1758) humerus, modified with perforations, possibly a fan handle; C, Pelecaniformes (likely Ardea alba Linnaeus, 1758) proximal tarsometatarsus awl; D, large mammal long bone fragment carved as a deity head; E, large mammal bone fragment incised with cross-hatched design; F, Canis lupus familiaris Linnaeus, 1758 maxillary canine with perforation; G, Canis lupus familiaris mandibular canine with perforation; H, Odocoileus virginianus Zimmermann, 1780 right 1st phalanx with perforation; I, O. virginianus metapodial fragment awl; J, large mammal long bone fragment carved awl; K, large mammal long bone fragment carved and perforated awl; L, large mammal long bone fragment carved and incised as a maize deity head. Photographs: Elizabeth Paris, courtesy of the Museo Na Bolom. Scale bar: 4 cm.
FIG. 7 in Hunting, husbandry, exchange and ritual: animal use and meaning at Moxviquil, Chiapas Mexico
FIG. 7. — Deer and large mammals: A, Odocoileus virginianus Zimmermann, 1780 long bone shaft fragments; B, Mazama temama Kerr, 1792 long bone shaft fragments; C, large mammal long bone shaft fragment used as awl; D, M. temama juvenile distal metapodial shaft; E, O. virginianus maxillary M2 anterior portion; F, O. virginianus lumbar vertebra; G, H, large mammal long bone fragment awls (burned). Photographs: Elizabeth Paris. Scale bar: 4 cm.
FIG. 11 in Hunting, husbandry, exchange and ritual: animal use and meaning at Moxviquil, Chiapas Mexico
FIG. 11. — Differences in dental dimensions for Sigmodon hispidus Say & Ord, 1825 and Neotoma mexicana Baird, 1855. M2 data is unavailable for three fragmentary specimens in which only M1 was preserved.
FIG. 10 in Hunting, husbandry, exchange and ritual: animal use and meaning at Moxviquil, Chiapas Mexico
FIG. 10. — Rodents and lagomorphs: A, Neotoma mexicana Baird, 1855, left mandible; B, Sigmodon hispidus Say & Ord, 1825 right mandible; C, Microtus guatemalensis Merriam, 1898 left and right maxillae; D, N. mexicana, right and left os coxae; E, S. hispidus left and right os coxae; F, S. hispidus right and left proximal femurs; G, S. hispidus juvenile right and left tibia fragments; H, Sylvilagus sp. left and right maxillae; I, Sylvilagus sp. juvenile right mandible; J, Sciurus aureogaster F. Cuvier, 1829 atlas; K, L, Dasyprocta sp. mandibular I1; M, Sylvilagus sp. juvenile right proximal humerus; N, Sylvilagus sp. left distal radius; O, Cuniculus paca Linnaeus, 1766 right 4th metacarpal; P, C. paca right 4th metatarsal; Q, M. guatemalensis juvenile left femur shaft. Photographs: Elizabeth Paris. Scale bar: 4 cm.
FIG. 6 in Hunting, husbandry, exchange and ritual: animal use and meaning at Moxviquil, Chiapas Mexico
FIG. 6. — Bone artifacts from the tombs and caches of the Moxviquil monumental zone: A, Olivinae tinklers (currency), Tomb 3; B, Puma concolor Linnaeus, 1771 inferior canine, Cache 1; C, D, large mammal bone atlatl fingerloops, Cache 1. Photographs: Elizabeth Paris. Scale bar: 4 cm.
FIG. 13 in Hunting, husbandry, exchange and ritual: animal use and meaning at Moxviquil, Chiapas Mexico
FIG. 13. — Rare or exotic species in the Moxviquil assemblage: A, Tayassuidae sp. right mandibular canine (tusk); B, Tayassuidae sp. left maxillary I1; C, Sus scrofa Linnaeus, 1758 right mandibular PM2; D, large mammal tooth root; E, Panthera onca Linnaeus, 1758 left mandibular PM4; F, Puma concolor Linnaeus, 1771 or Panthera onca 3rd phalanx; G, H, Siluriformes vertebrae; I, Sub-class Actinopterygii rib; J, Emydidae plastron fragments. Photographs: Elizabeth Paris. Scale bar: 4 cm.
The National CRIS in the Czech Republic and its information exchange with funder and institutional CRISs
<p>A diagram that illustrates the role of the national Current Research Information System (CRIS) in the country of Czechia and some of the information flows that keep it updated.</p>
Turbulence Structure and Momentum Exchange in Compound Channel Flows with Shore Ice covered on the Floodplains
<p>This data deposit contains all the datasets needed to draw 9 Figures (4, 8-10, 12-16) in the paper "Turbulence Structure and Momentum Exchange in Compound Channel Flows with Shore Ice covered on the Floodplains", which is now under consideration for potential publication in Water Resources Research. </p>
Data from: In silico study of the role of cell growth factors in photosynthesis using a virtual leaf tissue generator coupled to a microscale photosynthesis gas exchange model
Computational tools that allow in silico analysis of the role of cell growth and division on photosynthesis are scarce. We present a freely available tool that combines a virtual leaf tissue generator and a two-dimensional microscale model of gas transport during C3 photosynthesis. A total of 270 mesophyll geometries were generated with varying degree of growth anisotropy, growth extent and extent of schizogenous airspace formation in the palisade mesophyll. The anatomical properties of the virtual leaf tissue and microscopic cross sections of actual leaf tissue of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) were statistically compared. Model equations for transport of CO2 in the liquid phase of the leaf tissue were discretized over the geometries. The virtual leaf tissue generator produced a leaf anatomy of tomato that was statistically similar to real tomato leaf tissue. The response of photosynthesis to intercellular CO2 predicted by a model that used the virtual leaf tissue geometry compared well with measured values. The results indicate that the light-saturated rate of photosynthesis was influenced by interactive effects of extent and directionality of cell growth and degree of airspace formation through the exposed surface of mesophyll per leaf area. The tool could be used further in investigations of improving photosynthesis and gas exchange in relation to cell growth and leaf anatomy.
Air–water exchange and gas-particle partitioning of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in coral reef areas of the South China Sea
<p>Supporting information</p>
Daily Net Ecosystem Exchange data for the Rur Catchment Area 2010-2018
<p>Daily raster between 2010 and 2018 of Net Ecosystem Exchange (NEE) for the Rur catchment in western Germany at 250 m spatial resolution as upscaling results for the article <em>Upscaling Net Ecosystem Exchange over Heterogeneous Landscapes with Machine Learning</em> in JGR Biogeosciences.</p> <p>COSMO REA6 data and daily grids of potential evapotranspiration and soil moisture were obtained from the German Weather Service (DWD). ftp://opendata.dwd.de/</p> <p> </p> <p>Bollmeyer, C., Keller, J. D., Ohlwein, C., Wahl, S., Crewell, S., Friederichs, P., et al. (2015). Towards a high-resolution regional re-analysis for the European CORDEX domain. <em>Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 141</em>, 1–15. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.2486">https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.2486</a></p> <p>DWD Climate Data Center (CDC): Daily grids of potential evapotranspiration over grass, version 0.x, 2020.</p> <p>DWD Climate Data Center (CDC): Daily grids of soil moisture under grass and sandy loam, version 0.x,2020.</p>
Input files and scripts for Hamiltonian replica-exchange molecular dynamics simulations of intrinsically disordered proteins using a software GROMACS patched with PLUMED
<p>Here we share the necessary files and scripts to run Hamiltonian replica-exchange molecular dynamics simulations of intrinsically disordered protein studied in the preprint uploaded to bioRxiv (doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.16.155374). It requires software GROMACS patched with PLUMED.</p>
Data from: Vascular patterns in the heads of crocodilians: blood vessels and sites of thermal exchange
Extant crocodilians are a highly apomorphic archosaur clade that is endothermic, yet often achieve large body sizes that can be subject to higher heat loads. Therefore, the anatomical and physiological roles that blood vessels play in crocodilian thermoregulation need further investigation to better understand how crocodilians establish and maintain cephalic temperatures and regulate neurosensory tissue temperatures during basking and normal activities. The cephalic vascular anatomy of extant crocodilians, particularly American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) was investigated using a differential-contrast, dual-vascular injection technique and high resolution X-ray micro-computed tomography (μCT). Blood vessels were digitally isolated to create representations of vascular pathways. The specimens were then dissected to confirm CT results. Sites of thermal exchange, consisting of the oral, nasal, and orbital regions, were given special attention due to their role in evaporative cooling and cephalic thermoregulation in other diapsids. Blood vessels to and from sites of thermal exchange were studied to detect conserved vascular patterns and to assess their ability to deliver cooled blood to neurosensory tissues. Within the orbital region, both the arteries and veins demonstrated consistent branching patterns, with the supraorbital, infraorbital, and ophthalmotemporal vessels supplying and draining the orbit. The venous drainage of the orbital region showed connections to the dural sinuses via the orbital veins and cavernous sinus. The palatal region demonstrated a vast plexus that comprised both arteries and veins. The most direct route of venous drainage of the palatal plexus was through the palatomaxillary veins, essentially bypassing neurosensory tissues. Anastomotic connections with the nasal region, however, may provide an alternative route for palatal venous blood to reach neurosensory tissues. The nasal region in crocodilians is probably the most prominent site of thermal exchange, as it offers a substantial surface area and is completely surrounded by blood vessels. The venous drainage routes from the nasal region offer routes directly to the dural venous sinuses and the orbit, offering evidence of the potential to directly affect neurosensory tissue temperatures. The evolutionary history of crocodilians is complex, with large-bodied, terrestrial, and possibly endothermic taxa that may have had to deal with thermal loads that likely provided the anatomical building-blocks for such an extensive vascularization of sites of thermal exchange. A clear understanding of the physiological abilities and the role of blood vessels in the thermoregulation of crocodilians neurosensory tissues is not available but vascular anatomical patterns of crocodilian sites of thermal exchange indicate possible physiological abilities that may be more sophisticated than in other extant diapsids.
Data from: TAPBPR alters MHC class I peptide presentation by functioning as a peptide exchange catalyst
Our understanding of the antigen presentation pathway has recently been enhanced with the identification that the tapasin-related protein TAPBPR is a second MHC I-specific chaperone. We sought to determine whether, like tapasin, TAPBPR can also influence MHC I peptide selection by functioning as a peptide exchange catalyst. We show that TAPBPR can catalyse the dissociation of peptides from peptide-MHC I complexes, enhance the loading of peptide-receptive MHC I molecules, and discriminate between peptides based on affinity in vitro. In cells, the depletion of TAPBPR increased the diversity of peptides presented on MHC I molecules, suggesting that TAPBPR is involved in restricting peptide presentation. Our results suggest TAPBPR binds to MHC I in a peptide-receptive state and, like tapasin, works to enhance peptide optimisation. It is now clear there are two MHC class I specific peptide editors, tapasin and TAPBPR, intimately involved in controlling peptide presentation to the immune system.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.