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Fig. 14. Silurian brachiopods from the Kytayhorod section. A. Meristina bilobata Modzalevskaya, 1980 in Faunal dynamics across the Silurian-Devonian positive isotope excursions (δ C, δ O) in Podolia, Ukraine: Comparative analysis of the Ireviken and Klonk events
Fig. 14. Silurian brachiopods from the Kytayhorod section. A. Meristina bilobata Modzalevskaya, 1980, ZPAL Bp 71/24, shell in dorsal (A1), ventral (A2), lateral (A3), posterior (A4), and anterior (A5) views; Demshyn beds, sample D2. B. Meristina incrassata Modzalevskaya, 1980, ZPAL Bp 71/25, shell in dorsal (B1), ventral (B2), lateral (B3), posterior (B4), and anterior (B5) views; Maryanivka beds, sample M1. C. Meristina podolica (Nikiforova, 1954), ZPAL Bp 71/26, shell in dorsal (C1), ventral (C2), lateral (C3), posterior (C4), and anterior (C5) views; upper part of the Restiv beds. D. Glassia elongata Davidson, 1881, ZPAL Bp 71/27, shell in dorsal (D1), ventral (D2), lateral (D3), posterior (D4), and anterior (D5) views; Restiv beds, 0.8 m above sample R−1. E. Howellella globosa Tsegelnyuk, 1976, ZPAL Bp 71/28, in dorsal (E1), ventral (E2), lateral (E3), posterior (E4), and anterior (E5) views; lower part of the Maryanivka beds. F. Eospirifer radiatus (Sowerby, 1834), ZPAL Bp 71/29, slightly incomplete shell in dorsal (F1), ventral (F2), lateral (F3), posterior (F4), and anterior (F5) views; Demshyn beds. Scale bars 2 mm.
Fig. 13. Silurian brachiopods from the Kytayhorod section. A in Faunal dynamics across the Silurian-Devonian positive isotope excursions (δ C, δ O) in Podolia, Ukraine: Comparative analysis of the Ireviken and Klonk events
Fig. 13. Silurian brachiopods from the Kytayhorod section. A. Plagiorhycha depressa (Sowerby, 1839), ZPAL Bp 71/16, shell in dorsal (A1), ventral (A2), lateral (A3), posterior (A4), and anterior (A5) views; Restiv beds, sample R1. B, C. Atrypina barrandii (Davidson, 1848), ZPAL Bp 71/17 (B), ZPAL Bp 71/18 (C), two shells in dorsal (B1, C1), ventral (B2, C2), lateral (B3, C3), posterior (B4, C4), and anterior (B5, C5) views; upper part of the Restiv beds (B) and upper part of the Demshyn beds (C). D. Plectatrypa imbricata (Sowerby, 1839), ZPAL Bp 71/19, shell in dorsal (D1), ventral (D2), lateral (D3), posterior (D4), and anterior (D5) views; Demshyn beds, sample D1. E. Oglupes sp., ZPAL Bp 71/20, shell with partially preserved frills in ventral view; Restiv beds, sample R2. F. Sphaerirhynchia aff. wilsoni (Sowerby, 1816), ZPAL Bp 71/21, complete shell in dorsal (F1), ventral (F2), lateral (F3), posterior (F4), and anterior (F5) views; Demshyn beds. G. Antirhynchonella linguifera (Sowerby, 1839), ZPAL Bp 71/22, large shell in dorsal (G1), ventral (G2), lateral (G3), posterior (G4), and anterior (G5) views; lower part of the Maryanivka beds. H. Atrypa sp., ZPAL Bp 71/23, shell in dorsal (H1), ventral (H2), lateral (H3), posterior (H4), and anterior (H5) views; Demshyn beds. Scale bars 2 mm.
Fig. 6. Longitudinal section through dissepiment mounted from a in The ultrastructure and building of graptolite dissepiments
Fig. 6. Longitudinal section through dissepiment mounted from a number of TEM micrographs of dendroid graptolite "Dictyonema" sp. 2. Ordovician boulder No. O.62. A. TEM micrographs. B. Drawing of the same structure.
Fig. 1. Location map and the geological section. A in A new Y-shaped trace fossil attributed to upogebiid crustaceans from Early Pleistocene of Italy
Fig. 1. Location map and the geological section. A. The study region on the map of Italy. B. Location of the study area. C. Location of the studied section. D. The studied section with indication of Parmaichnus stironensis igen. nov. et isp. nov.
Fig. 5. Thin sections from the Janczyce section. A in Hydrodynamically controlled anagenetic evolution of Famennian goniatites from Poland
Fig. 5. Thin sections from the Janczyce section. A. Laminated marly limestone (MWG ZI//36/296); sampled below the cephalopod limestone log. B. Cephalopod wackestone (MWG ZI//36/301); Bed 1. Note the presence of goniatitids (g), orthoconic nautiloids (n), gastropods (ga), entomozoacean ostracodes (e) and poor sorting of bioclasts. C. Cephalopod wackestone (MWG ZI//36/303); Bed 3. Note the presence of goniatitids (g), juvenile goniatitids (jg), crinoids (c) and molluscan shell debris. D. Cephalopod packstone (MWG ZI//36/305); Bed 5. Note the presence of juvenile goniatitids (jg), benthic ostracode (o). Note also the best sorting of bioclasts in this bed. Scale bars 2 mm.
Fig. 7. Longitudinal section through the well preserved specimen PIMUZ 28583 in Devonian pearls and ammonoid-endoparasite co-evolution
Fig. 7. Longitudinal section through the well preserved specimen PIMUZ 28583 of Sellanarcestes spp., Sellanarcestes wenkenbachi Zone, Emsian, Oufrane (S of Tata), Morocco. A. +/− median section displaying many "Housean pits", most with internal tube; overview. "Housean pits" are marked by white arrows. B. Three closely spaced pits, two displaying the internal tubes, the remaining void inside the pit is filled with a fine−grained sparitic matrix, note the continuous ammonoid shell layer covering the pits and the septum, which grew on the pit wall, note the distinguishable shell layers, which are recrystallised to varying degrees. C. A corroded pit with tube, note the continuation of the innermost ammonoid shell layer. D. Two adjacent fused pits, only the right pit shows the delicate internal tube, mural part of septum on the left.
Fig. 7. Phytoplankton from the Ivanye Zolote section. GIUS 4−3592. A in Palynology and microfacies of Lower Devonian mixed carbonate-siliciclastic deposits in Podolia, Ukraine
Fig. 7. Phytoplankton from the Ivanye Zolote section. GIUS 4−3592. A. Multiplicisphaeridium cf. M. raspa (Cramer) Wicander, 1986; IZ−4 sample. B. Multiplicisphaeridium cf. M. raspa (Cramer) Wicander, 1986; IZ−4 sample. C. Veryhachium trispinosum (Eisenack) Deunff, 1954; IZ−4 sample. D. Riculasphaera fissa Loeblich and Drugg, 1968; IZ−5 sample. E. Helosphaeridium cf. guttatum Playford, 1981; IZ−4 sample. F. Helosphaeridium microclavatum Playford, 1981; IZ−1 sample. G. Elektoriskos sp.; IZ−4 sample. H. Dictyotidium eurydictyotum Kirjanov, 1978; IZ−8 sample. I. Baltisphaeridium scabrosum Kirjanov, 1978; IZ−8 sample. J. Ammonidium cf. A. garrasinoi Ottone, 1996; IZ−1 sample. K. Tyligmasoma alargadum (Cramer) Ą
Fig. 5. Chitinozoans from the Ivanye Zolote section, GIUS 4−3592. A, B in Palynology and microfacies of Lower Devonian mixed carbonate-siliciclastic deposits in Podolia, Ukraine
Fig. 5. Chitinozoans from the Ivanye Zolote section, GIUS 4−3592. A, B. Calpichitina sp. cf. C. velata (Wrona, 1980); IZ−1 sample. C. Angochitina filosa Eisenack, 1955; IZ−4 sample. D. Sphaerochitina sp. aff. S. densibaculata Volkheimer, Melendi, and Salas, 1986; IZ−4 sample.
Fig. 4. Miospores from the Ivanye Zolote section. GIUS 4−3592. A in Palynology and microfacies of Lower Devonian mixed carbonate-siliciclastic deposits in Podolia, Ukraine
Fig. 4. Miospores from the Ivanye Zolote section. GIUS 4−3592. A. Gneudnaspora divellomedia (Chibrikova) Balme, 1988; IZ−1 sample. B. Gneudnaspora plicata (Burgess and Richardson) Breuerr, Al−Ghazi, Al−Ruwaili, Higgs, Steemans, and Wellman, 2007; IZ−4 sample. C. Gneudnaspora plicata (Burgess and Richardson) BreuerAl−Ghazi, Al−Ruwaili, Higgs, Steemans, and Wellman, 2007; IZ−2 sample. D. Chelinohilates glabrimarginatus (Turnau and Jakubowska) Turnau, 2003; IZ−7 sample. E. Tetrahedraletes medinensis (Strother and Traverse) Wellman and Richardson,1993; IZ−4 sample. F. Chelinospora retorrida Turnau, 1986; IZ−1 sample. G. Leonispora argovejae Cramer and Diez, 1975; IZ−1 sample. H. Unidentified; IZ−8 sample. I. Archaeozonotriletes chulus (Cramer) Richardson and Lister, 1969; IZ−1 sample. J. Quadrisporites sp.; IZ−1 sample. K. Emphanisporites cf. rotatus (McGregor) McGregor, 1973; IZ−4 sample. L. Emphanisporites var. micrornatus Steemans and Gerrienne, 1984; IZ−1 sample. M. Retusotriletes triangulatus (Streel) Streel, 1967; IZ−1 sample. N. Calamospora atava McGregor, 1973; IZ−1 sample. O. Apiculiretusispora plicata Allen, 1965; IZ−6 sample. P. Apiculiretusispora spicula Richardson and Lister, 1969; IZ−4 sample. Q. Amicosporites jonkeri (Riegel) Steemans, 1989; IZ−1 sample. R. Camptozonotriletes sp.; IZ−4 sample. S. Diad; IZ−4 sample. T. Emphanisporites epicautus Richardson and Lister, 1969; IZ−4 sample.
Fig. 8. Plant cuticles and tracheids from the Ivanye Zolote section. GIUS 4−3592. A. Cosmochlaina verrucosa Edwards, 1986 in Palynology and microfacies of Lower Devonian mixed carbonate-siliciclastic deposits in Podolia, Ukraine
Fig. 8. Plant cuticles and tracheids from the Ivanye Zolote section. GIUS 4−3592. A. Cosmochlaina verrucosa Edwards, 1986; IZ−7 sample. B. Nematothallus sp.; IZ−7 sample. C. Nematothallus sp.; IZ−1 sample. D–G. Nematothallus? like structures. D, E. IZ−6 sample. F, G. IZ−1 sample. H–I. Porcatitubulus annulatus Burges and Edwards, 1991. H. IZ−5 sample. I. IZ−4 sample. J. Laevitubulus sp.; IZ−1 sample. K. Porcatitubulus annulatus Burges and Edwards, 1991; IZ−5 sample.
FIGURE 3. Histological sections taken from Iteravis huchzermeyeri IVPP V18958 in Osteohistology of the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation ornithuromorph (Aves) Iteravis huchzermeyeri
FIGURE 3. Histological sections taken from Iteravis huchzermeyeri IVPP V18958: 1, ulna; 2, tibiotarsus; 3, close up of denoted area of the ulna; 4, close up of the contact with the endosteal layer under cross polarized light showing presence of lamellae; 5, close up of denoted area of the tibiotarsus; 6, close up of the tibiotarsus under cross polarized light showing the endosteal layer is parallel fibered. Abbreviations: c, simple canal; icl, inner circumferential layer; po, primary osteon.
FIGURE 30. Rhadinacanthus longispinus median fin spines from mature fish, transverse section drawings. 1, 2, posterior dorsal spine NMS G.2014.4.33 in The diplacanthid fishes (Acanthodii, Diplacanthiformes, Diplacanthidae) from the Middle Devonian of Scotland
FIGURE 30. Rhadinacanthus longispinus median fin spines from mature fish, transverse section drawings. 1, 2, posterior dorsal spine NMS G.2014.4.33 from the slates west of East Murkle Bay, Caithness: 1, spine showing position of sections; 2, sections 1–8. 3, section of posterior dorsal spine NMS G.2014.33.2 from North Ronaldsay. 4, section of anterior dorsal spine NMS G.2014.11.1 from Broad Taing, Orkney. Scale bars equal 1 cm in 1; 5 mm in 2; 1 mm in 3, 4.
FIGURE 7 in Picking up the pieces: the digital reconstruction of a destroyed holotype from its serial section drawings
FIGURE 7. The state of preservation of the wax model of BP/1/1821. 1, the right side of the snout showing the deformation of the canine; 2, the palate showing the broken vomer; 3, the basicranium showing multiple cracks, nails and sticks around the pterygoid; 4, view of the right orbit showing multiple cracks, nails and sticks; 5, dorsal view of the of the mandible showing multiple cracks, nails and sticks; 6, detail of the inner side of the left ascending ramus of the mandible showing a stick embedded in the wax; and 7, lateral view of the mandible showing the incomplete reflected lamina of the angular. The arrows point to the nails, dotted lines demarcate the cracks. Not to scale.
FIGURE 6 in Picking up the pieces: the digital reconstruction of a destroyed holotype from its serial section drawings
FIGURE 6. Comparison between the digital model (top) and the wax model (bottom), in rostral (left) and lateral views (right). Arrows indicate the direction of deformation of the wax model. Scale bar equals 10 mm.
FIGURE 5 in Picking up the pieces: the digital reconstruction of a destroyed holotype from its serial section drawings
FIGURE 5. Segmentation of the skull bones of BP/1/1821, (1) in the cranium and (2) in the lower jaw. Scale bar equals 10 mm.
FIGURE 4 in Picking up the pieces: the digital reconstruction of a destroyed holotype from its serial section drawings
FIGURE 4. The slices of specimen BP/1/1821 finally put back together again, as seen in the hands of the CT scan facility technician K. Jakata (ESI). This 3D printed model is the first time in 55 years that BP/1/1821 has been accurately reconstructed at life-size.
FIGURE 3 in Picking up the pieces: the digital reconstruction of a destroyed holotype from its serial section drawings
FIGURE 3. The digital model in (1) right lateral, (2) left lateral and (3) ventral view in stereopairs. Scale bar equals 10 mm. See also the supplementary video in Appendix 2.
FIGURE 2 in Picking up the pieces: the digital reconstruction of a destroyed holotype from its serial section drawings
FIGURE 2. Comparison of the different reconstructions of BP/1/1821 in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views. 1, the wax model; and 2, the original illustrations by Brink, found with the serial section drawings.
FIGURE 1 in Picking up the pieces: the digital reconstruction of a destroyed holotype from its serial section drawings
FIGURE 1. The label on the first page of the serial section drawings. It is written "Specimen N°1821 (FN). MN° 346. Complete Aneumogomphius? skull therocephalian. Sections ½ mm. Magnification x4." The document is signed "A.S. Brink". Abbreviations: FN, Field Number; MN°, Museum Number.
Data from: Cross-sectional personal network analysis of adult smoking in rural areas
<p>This data package, titled <em>Data from: Cross-sectional personal network analysis of adult smoking in rural areas,</em> includes several files. First, there are annonymized raw data files in .rds file format (ego_data.rds & alter_data.rds). Second, there is the R code that allow the replication of various statistical analyses. Interested parts may consult the R code as .pdf file format (Supplementary_Material_R_Code.pdf), .Rmd file format (that can be run to create the .pdf file format) and the .R file format (that can be accesed with R and RStudio). Moreover, the labels files are useful for recreating the Supplementary Material pdf file. </p> <p>Readers should know that this dataset corresponds to the study (paper) <em>Cross-sectional personal network analysis of adult smoking in rural areas. </em></p> <p>The ego_data.rds file includes 20 variables by 76 observations (respondents) while the alter_data.rds file includes 46 variables by 1681 observations (social contacts). We collected this information by deploying a personal network analysis research design. Initially, we interviewed 83 respondents (dubbed <em>egos</em>). Due to missing data, we kept in the analysis 76 egos and dropped seven respondents. We recruited the respondents using a link-tracining sampling framework. We started from a number of six seeds. We interviewed the seeds then we asked them to recommend other people in the study. We continued in a referee-referral fashion until 83 interviews were completed. The study was performed in a small rural Romanian community (4124 residents): Lerești (Argeș county). </p> <p>Our study was carried out in accordance with the recommendations, relevant guidelines, and regulations (specifically, those provided by the Romanian Sociologists Society, i.e., the professional association of Romanian sociologists). The research was performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. The research protocol was approved by a named institutional/licensing committee. Specifically, the Ethics Committee of the Center for Innovation in Medicine (InoMed) reviewed and approved all these study procedures (EC-INOMED Decision No. D001/09-06-2023 and No. D001/19-01-2024). All participants gave written informed consent. The privacy rights of the study participants were observed. The authors did not have access to information that could identify participants. Face-to-face interviews were collected between September 13 – 23, 2023, in Lerești, Romania. After each interview, information that could identity the participants were anonymized. Before conducting the interview, we provided each participant with a dossier containing informative materials about the project's objectives, how the data would be analyzed and reported, and their participation rights (e.g., the right to withdraw from the project at any time, even after the interview was completed). All study participants gave their written informed consent prior to enrolment in the study.</p> <p>The variables in the ego_data.rds file are as follows:</p> <p>(1) "networkCanvasEgoUUID" (unique alpha numeric code for each observation); </p> <p>(2) "ego_age" (the age of each study participant); </p> <p>(3) "ego_age.cen" (the age of each study participant, centered); </p> <p>(4) "ego_educ_b" (the education of each ego, binary); </p> <p>(5) "ego_educ_f" (the education of each ego, educational achievement); </p> <p>(6) "ego_marital.s_f" (the marital status of each ego);</p> <p>(7) "ego_occupation.cat2_f" (the occupation of each ego); </p> <p>(8) "ego_occupation_b" (the occupation of each ego, unemployed vs employed); </p> <p>(9) "ego_relstatus_b" (whether the ego is in a relationship or not); </p> <p>(10) "ego_sex_f" (the sex of the ego assigned at birth; male & female); </p> <p>(11) "ego_sex_n" (the sex of the ego assigned at birth; 0 = male & 1 = female); </p> <p>(12) "ego_smk_status_b1" (smoking status: 1 smoking, 0 others);</p> <p>(13) "ego_smk_status_b2" (smoking status: 1 former smoker, 0 others); </p> <p>(14) "ego_smk_status_b3" (smoking status: 1 not a smoker, 0 others); </p> <p>(15) "ego_smkstatus_f" (smoking status: former smoker, never-smoker, non-smoker (smoked too little), occasional smoker, smoker); </p> <p>(16) "ego_smoking_3cat" (smoking status: non-smoker, former smoker, smoker);</p> <p>(17) "net.size" (number of social contacts, alters, that were elicited by an ego);</p> <p>(18) "net.components" (number of strong components in the personal network);</p> <p>(19) "net.deg.centralization" (personal network degree centralization);</p> <p>(20) "net.density" (personal network density). </p> <p>The variables in the alter_data.rds file are as follows:</p> <p>(1) "alter_age" (the age of the alter); </p> <p>(2) "alter_age.cen" (the age of the alter - centered); </p> <p>(3) "alter_btw" (alter's betweenness score); </p> <p>(4) "alter_btw.cen" (alter's betweenness score - centered); </p> <p>(5) "alter_deg" (alter's degree score); </p> <p>(6) "alter_deg.cen" (alter's degree score - centered); </p> <p>(7) "alter_educ_b" (alter's education); </p> <p>(8) "alter_educ_f" (alter's education); </p> <p>(9) "alter_marital.s_f" (alter's marital status); </p> <p>(10) "alter_relstatus_b" (alter's marital status - binary variable);</p> <p>(11) "alter_sex_f" (alter's sex assigned at birth);</p> <p>(12) "alter_sex_n" (alter's sex assigned at birth; 1 - female; 0 - male); </p> <p>(13) "alter_smk_status_b1" (alter's smoking status; 1 smoker, 0 others);</p> <p>(14) "alter_smk_status_b2" (alter's smoking status; 1 former smoker, 0 others);</p> <p>(15) "alter_smk_status_b3" (alter's smoking status; 1 non-smoker, 0 others);</p> <p>(16) "alter_smoking_3cat" (alter's smoking status: three categories - smoker, non-smoker, former smoker);</p> <p>(17) "assortativity_score_fsmoker" (assortativity score for alter, former smoker);</p> <p>(18) "assortativity_score_nsmoker" (assortativity score for alter, non-smoker);</p> <p>(19) "assortativity_score_smoker" (assortativity score for alter, smoker);</p> <p>(20) "ego.alter_meet_f" (ego's meeting frequency with alter); </p> <p>(21) "ego_alter_meet_b" (ego's meeting frequency with alter, binary variable);</p> <p>(22) "ego.alter_meet_n" (ego's meeting frequency with alter, numerical codes);</p> <p>(23) "alter_rel.w.ego_f" (type of alters in an ego's network);</p> <p>(24) "networkCanvasUUID" (alpha numeric code for alter);</p> <p>(25) "networkCanvasEgoUUID" (alpha numeric code for ego); </p> <p>(26) "ego_smkstatus_f" (smoking status: former smoker, never-smoker, non-smoker (smoked too little), occasional smoker, smoker); </p> <p>(27) "ego_smoking_3cat" (three categories, smoking status: former smoker, non-smoker, smoker);</p> <p>(28) "ego_type_fsmk" (former smoking egos by type of ego-alter relationship);</p> <p>(29) "ego_type_nsmk" (non smoking egos by type of ego-alter relationship);</p> <p>(30) "ego_type_smk" (smoking egos by type of ego-alter relationship);</p> <p>(31) "ego_sex_f" (ego's sex, binary);</p> <p>(32) "ego_sex_n" (ego's sex, numerical code, 1 female, 0 male); </p> <p>(33) "ego_educ_b" (ego's education, binary variable)</p> <p>(34) "ego_age" (ego's age)</p> <p>(35) "ego_age.cen" (ego's age, centered)</p> <p>(36) "ego_relstatus_b" (ego's marital status, binary variable)</p> <p>(37) "ego_occupation_b" (ego's employment status, binary variable)</p> <p>(38) "net.components" (number of strong components in the personal network)</p> <p>(39) "net.deg.centralization" (degree centralization score in the personal networ)</p> <p>(40) "net.density" (density score in the personal network)</p> <p>(41) "prop_fsmokers" (proportion of former smokers in the personal network - alters)</p> <p>(42) "prop_fsmokers.cen" (proportion of former smokers in the personal network, centered- alters)</p> <p>(43) "prop_nsmokers" (proportion of non-smokers in the personal network- alters)</p> <p>(44) "prop_nsmokers.cen" (proportion of non-smokers in the personal network, centered- alters)</p> <p>(45) "prop_smokers" (proportion of smokers in the personal network- alters)</p> <p>(46) "prop_smokers.cen" (proportion of smokers in the personal network, centered- alters)</p>
ScienceDex guides
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.