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709 results for “soil carbon”
Drought impacts on plant-soil carbon allocation — integrating future mean climatic conditions
<p>Raw data of all measured parameters and R code used to analyze the data</p>
Herbivore grazing mitigates the negative effects of nitrogen deposition on soil organic carbon in low-diversity grassland
<p>1. Changes in soil carbon (C) sequestration in grassland ecosystems have important impacts on the global C cycle. As such, it is important that researchers better understand the underlying mechanisms affecting soil C. Increasing evidence has shown that atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition can cause dramatic changes in grassland soil C. It remains unclear whether herbivore grazing, a primary means to manage and utilize grassland resources, can regulate the effects of N deposition on soil C, and whether these effects are dependent on plant community diversity.</p> <p>2. Here, we examined the joint effects of herbivore grazing and N-addition on soil organic C (SOC) stocks in two types of communities with low and high plant diversity, respectively.</p> <p>3. Our results showed that the effects of N-addition and its combination with herbivore grazing on grassland SOC were inconsistent in the two types of communities. In the low-diversity community, N-addition greatly decreased SOC stocks, while grazing significantly increased it. Additionally, the grazing-induced increase in soil C stocks in presence of N-addition was so great that it completely counteracted the significant decline in SOC induced by N-addition. However, in the high-diversity community, we observed no effects of N-addition on SOC and grazing increased SOC only in the absence of N-addition and had no significant effect in presence of N-addition.</p> <p>4. Synthesis and applications. Our study suggests that increased N deposition can trigger a remarkable reduction in soil C sequestration in grasslands with low plant diversity, but that herbivore grazing can offset this decline, which may help to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions caused by atmospheric N deposition. As a result, we suggest that moderate herbivore grazing should be considered as an effective grassland management measure for maintaining and improving grassland soil C sequestration as the increasing global change such as elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide, N deposition, and biodiversity losses threat.</p>
Data from: Strong interactive effects of warming and insect herbivory on soil carbon and nitrogen dynamics at Subarctic tree line
<p>Warming will likely stimulate Arctic primary production, but also soil C and N mineralization, and it remains uncertain whether the Arctic will become a sink or a source for CO<sub>2</sub>. Increasing insect herbivory may also dampen the positive response of plant production and soil C input to warming. We conducted an open-air warming experiment with Subarctic field layer vegetation in North Finland to explore the effects of warming (+3°C) and reduced insect herbivory (67% reduction in leaf damage using an insecticide) on soil C and N dynamics. We found that plant root growth, soil C and N concentrations, microbial biomass C, microbial activity, and soil NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> availability were increased by both warming and reduced herbivory when applied alone, but not when combined. Soil NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> availability increased by warming only and in-situ soil respiration by reduced herbivory only. Our results suggest that increasing C input from vegetation under climate warming increases soil C concentration, but also stimulates soil C turnover. On the other hand, it appears that insect herbivores can significantly reduce plant growth. If their abundance increases with warming as predicted, they may curtail the positive effect of warming on soil C concentration. Moreover, our results suggest that temperature and herbivory effects on root growth and soil variables interact strongly, which probably arises from a combination of N demand increasing under lower herbivory and soil mineral N supply increasing under higher temperature. This may further complicate the effects of rising temperatures on Subarctic soil C dynamics.</p>
The main driver of soil organic carbon differs greatly between topsoil and subsoil in a grazing steppe
<p>1. Soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics is regulated by a complex interplay of factors such as climate and potential anthropogenic activities. Livestocks play a key role in regulating the C cycle in grasslands. However, the interrelationship between SOC and these drivers remains unclear at different soil layers, and their potential relationships network have rarely been quantitatively assessed.</p> <p>2. Here, we completed a six-year manipulation experiment of grazing exclusion (no grazing: NG) and increasing grazing intensity (light grazing: LG, medium grazing: MG, heavy grazing: HG). We measurements of light fraction organic carbon (LFOC) and heavy fraction organic carbon (HFOC) in 12 plots along grazing intensity in three soil layers (topsoil: 0-10 cm, mid-soil: 10-30 cm, subsoil: 30-50 cm) to assess their underlying controls.</p> <p>3. Grazing significantly reduced SOC of the soil profile, but with significant depth and time dependencies. (1) SOC and SOC stability of the topsoil is primarily regulated by grazing duration (years). Specifically, grazing duration and grazing intensity increased the SOC lability of topsoil due to an increase in LFOC. (2) Grazing intensity was the major factor affecting the mid-soil SOC dynamics, among which MG had significantly lower SOC than did NG. (3) Subsoil organic carbon dynamics were mainly regulated by climatic factors. The increase in mean annual temperature (MAT) may have promoted the turnover of LFOC to HFOC in the subsoil.</p> <p>4. Synthesis and applications. When evaluating the impacts of grazing on soil organic fraction, we need to consider the differences in sampling depth and the duration of grazing years. Our results highlight that the key factors influencing SOC dynamics differ among soil layers. Climatic and grazing factors have different roles in determining SOC in each soil layer.</p>
MIMICS-BC_v1.0: Modeling biochar effects on soil organic carbon on croplands in a microbial decomposition model
<p>The code and data of MIMICS-BC_v1.0 related to the manuscript in submission</p>
Data from: Data transformations cause altered edaphic-climatic controls and reduced predictability on soil carbon decomposition rates
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Soil carbon stocks in sugarcane cultivation: an evidence synthesis associated with land use and management practices
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Impact of deadwood decomposition on soil organic carbon sequestration in Estonian and Polish forests
<p>Data for publication.</p>
Fig. 1 in Review paper The Role of Bacterial-based Protist Communities in Aquatic and Soil Ecosystems and the Carbon Biogeochemical Cycle, with Emphasis on Naked Amoebae
Fig. 1. Protocol for respiration and microbial biomass experiments. Respiration was measured with an infrared CO gas analyzer, glu2 cose (444 µg/g soil) in solution was added as a supplement. Microbial assays for naked amoebae used a culture observation method (COM) for living amoebae routinely employed in our laboratory (e.g. Anderson 2000), glutaraldehyde-fixed portions of the soil sample were examined microscopically for bacteria and heterotrophic nanoflagellates using a fluorescent staining technique (Anderson et al. 2001). For experiments of one-week duration, sampling was done on Days 1, 4, and 8. For two-week duration experiments, sampling was done on Days 1, 8, and 15.
Dataset for the project "The role of expansive and invasive plant species in shaping the activity of microbial communities and carbon sequestration in the soil of post-mining spoil heaps."
<p>Description of the project: Research on carbon sequestration in all types of ecosystems, including human-transformed oligotrophic ecosystems, has become more important today from a climate change perspective, as it can help mitigate its effects. Increasing the potential for C sequestration on brownfield sites can be achieved by improving biological processes and developing soil organic matter reservoirs. This may be particularly relevant for the functioning of oligotrophic ecosystems such as waste coal mine spoil heaps. In studies conducted to date on soil carbon dynamics, it has been found that carbon storage capacity is related to vegetation type, among other factors. This is mainly due to the fact that different plant species affect the physical and chemical properties of the soil, the chemical composition of the litter, detritus supply and rooting depth differently. Furthermore, plant species have been shown to influence the composition and biomass of soil microbial communities, and these microorganisms are responsible for the decomposition of organic compounds in the soil. There is little knowledge of soil microbial communities and their activities in the different plant communities of post-mining spoil heaps, especially with regard to the effects of specific microbial communities on soil carbon sequestration. The aim of the project was to compare the influence of a native expansive grass species (<em>Calamagrostis epigejos</em> (L.) ROTH) and an alien invasive species (<em>Solidago gigantea</em> AITION) on the activity and structure of soil microorganisms and carbon sequestration on post-mining spoil heaps spontaneously colonised by vegetation and subjected to reclamation. The study was carried out on a model post-mining heap, part of which has been reclaimed with overburdened soil, while the remaining part has not undergone any reclamation and is subject to spontaneous succession processes. An analysis of total organic carbon (TOC) in soil substrate samples was carried out to determine the effect of the plant species studied on carbon sequestration. TOC consists of organic compounds mainly derived from root exudates, microbial biomass and decomposition of plant litter and SOM by microorganisms. Therefore, the structure of soil microbial assemblages was also investigated by means of phospholipid fatty acid profiles and the activity of these microorganisms, by means of soil enzyme analysis and functional diversity of microorganisms using BIOLOG<sup>®</sup> Ecoplates. In addition, the in situ level of CO<sub>2</sub> release from the soil was also determined.</p>
Cross-stressor resilience of soil microbial growth and carbon metabolism under climate change
<p>This dataset accompanies the study:</p> <blockquote> <p>Jin-Tao Lí, Lettice C. Hicks, Albert C. Brangarí, Johannes Rousk. (2025). Cross-stressor resilience of soil microbial growth and carbon metabolism under climate change.<em> </em><em><code>[Under Review]</code></em></p> </blockquote> <p>The dataset contains the following files:</p> <ul> <li><code>1.plfa_data.xlsx</code>: Data on phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA).</li> <li><code>2.perturbation_response.xlsx</code>: Data on microbial perturbation responses.</li> <li><code>3.stats_code.R</code>: R script used for statistical analyses in the study.</li> <li><code>4.origin_fitfunc.zip</code>: A compressed file containing user-defined fitting functions for the Origin software (OriginLab, USA). It includes three “.FDF” files for non-linear models: the modified Gompertz, Baranyi, and Lag-exponential models, which are applied to fit microbial growth and CUE kinetics over time.</li> <li><code>5.figs_source_data.zip</code>: Source data used for figure generation, excluding Fig. 1, which is an experimental design illustration.</li> <li><code>6.plots_code.R</code>: R script attempting to reproduce the figures originally generated in Excel.</li> <li><code>README.docx</code>: Detailed documentation on dataset contents, structure and column variables.</li> </ul> <p>This dataset supports research into soil microbial resilience in response to perturbation events associated with climate trends and extremes.</p>
Data from: The decline in plant biodiversity slows down soil carbon turnover under increasing nitrogen deposition in a temperate steppe
1. Nitrogen (N) deposition not only alters the physiological processes of individual plant, but also leads to worldwide biodiversity loss. However, little is known about how the hierarchical responses from individual physiological processes to plant community structure would have cascading effects on soil carbon (C) cycling. 2. Here, we assessed whether changes in plant chemistry and community composition under increasing N input would affect the turnover rate of litter layer and soil C loss via heterotrophic respiration (Rh) in a temperate grassland. 3. We showed that more than a decade's N addition significantly decreased plant species richness, litter layer turnover rate and Rh. The 13C-NMR results showed that, for individual species, N addition either increased the abundance of recalcitrant C groups such as Alkyl and Methoxyl, or decreased labile C groups such as Carbohydrate, resulting in decreases in Carbohydrate C to Methoxyl C ratio (CC/MC) for most species. Our data also showed that with the increase in N deposition, the abundance of relatively high degradable dominant species, such as A. cristatum and A. frigida declined rapidly, and the relatively recalcitrant species such as P. bifurca and L. chinensis become dominate. Changes in individual species' chemistry and plant community composition significantly decreased litter quality at community level, as indicated by the lower community level CC/MC at higher N addition rates. 4. The result of step-AIC model selection further found that plant diversity loss and the decrease in community level CC/MC jointly best explained the decrease in Rh after N addition, and further relative importance partition result showed that these two factors respectively contributed 65.1% and 34.9% of the explained variation. 5. Overall, we demonstrated that changes in plant chemistry and diversity loss due to N addition reduced the quality of plant C input to soil, which further slowed down litter layer turnover rate and inhibited soil heterotrophic respiration. Our study complements the intermediate links of how shifts in plant community structure regulates soil C cycle under global changes.
Soil N enrichment mediates carbon allocation in a dominant grass during drought
<p>Carbon (C) allocation strategy plays a critical role in plant adaptability, with knock-on effects for community stability under environmental change. Based on optimal partitioning theory we asked two questions: (1) How is plant C allocation within tissues affected by long-term nutrient enrichment (N addition)? And (2) does N addition alter how plants allocate C under drought?</p> <p>To address these questions, we conducted a greenhouse experiment using the widespread perennial C<sub>3 </sub>grass,<i> Leymus chinensis</i>,<i> </i>under four treatments: "Watered", "Dry", "Watered+N" and "Dry+N". <sup>13</sup>CO<sub>2</sub> pulse labelling was used to trace C transport through the plant-soil system.</p> <p>We found that, in combination, drought and N addition resulted in offsetting effects on C allocation. Greater aboveground biomass under N addition resulted in higher C loss via aboveground plant respiration even under drought, which plays a more important role in the adjustment of R/S ratio than does the trade-off between above and belowground compartments.</p> <p>Compared to the concept of active phenotype adjustment for maximized growth rate in traditional optimal partitioning theory, our results imply that pre-drought allometry, which changes under long-term resource addition, also determine how plants respond to drought and their adaptability to changing environmental conditions.</p>
Evaluation of a microplate spectrophotometer for soil organic carbon determination in south central Idaho
<p>Determination of soil organic carbon (SOC) is highly desirable for assessing fertility and carbon sequestration; however, numerous methods of determination warrant study of method agreement. Recently, a novel method was developed following dichromate oxidation using a microplate spectrophotometer. This novel method was compared with (i) total C by dry combustion - soil inorganic carbon (DC<sub>w/o pretreatment </sub>- Pcal); (ii) traditional Walkley-Black titration (WBTIT) and (iii) loss on ignition (LOI<sub>360</sub><sub>°C</sub>) in calcareous soils of south central Idaho (n=75) in conjunction with North American Proficiency Testing program soils (n=10). A two-way ANOVA was fit with soils as a blocking factor to identify any difference between methods, means were separated using Tukey's HSD (α=0.05). Additional comparisons were made for all soils (n=85) and for soils in the lower 75<sup>th</sup> percentile of SOC determined by WBTIT (n=56) using regression analysis. Only the WBTIT and LOI<sub>360</sub><sub>°C</sub> methods were statistically equivalent nevertheless there was high agreement (Lin's concordance coefficients >0.90) between all methods (n=85). Under low SOC soils (n=56) the agreement between all methods decreased, but the WBSPEC method fit other methods comparatively well r<sup>2</sup>= 0.71, 0.74, and 0.78 for LOI<sub>360</sub><sub>°C</sub>, DC<sub>w/o pretreatment </sub>- Pcal, and WBTIT respectively. The WBSPEC method provided estimates of SOC between the methods currently used in the region while reducing hazardous waste generation over traditional WBTIT and sample handling over LOI<sub>360</sub><sub>°C</sub> and DC<sub>w/o pretreatment </sub>- Pcal methods, positioning it as a sensible option for SOC determination in low SOC calcareous soils of south central Idaho.</p>
Divergent contributions of living roots to turnover of different soil organic carbon pools and their links to plant traits
<p>1. Rhizodeposits and root litter contribute critically to soil organic carbon (SOC) formation and decomposition. This root-induced SOC turnover shows great interspecific variations. Bulk SOC consists of diverse functional pools differing in formation and stabilization. Yet, it remains unclear which plant traits regulate the effects of living roots on the turnover of different SOC pools across species.</p> <p>2. By performing <sup>13</sup>CO<sub>2 </sub>continuous<sub> </sub>labelling of six grassland species for a growing season in a climate-controlled chamber, we quantified the contributions of living roots to the dynamics of the fast-cycling particulate organic C and the slow-cycling mineral-associated organic C, and explored their relations to plant traits.</p> <p>3. The results showed that new root-derived SOC varied more than threefold among the six species. The variation in new root-derived SOC was best explained by the ratio of shoot to root biomass. Plant species with higher shoot:root ratio formed more new root-derived SOC. Most of the root-derived C (72%) was incorporated into the particulate organic C pool. All species caused positive rhizosphere priming effects (RPE), which varied sevenfold across species. Among plant traits, specific root length was the best predictor of interspecific variations in the RPE, with greater RPE associated with higher specific root length. Most of the RPE (70%) occurred in the mineral-associated organic C pool. Our results also showed that most plant species caused more old SOC decomposition via the RPE than new SOC formation, leading to net SOC losses, especially for the mineral-associated organic C pool.</p> <p>4. Overall, we provide novel insights into the effects of plant traits on root-induced turnover of particulate and mineral-associated organic C. Our findings should be valuable for understanding how specific plant traits regulate SOC accumulation and stabilization.</p>
Covariates dataset for "Temporal harmonization of a national dataset for spatial prediction of soil organic carbon"
<p>Environmental covariates used to predict the spatial distribution of soil organic carbon for the article 'Temporal harmonization of a national dataset for spatial prediction of soil organic carbon'</p>
Supplementary material 1 from: Balestrini R, Delconte C, Buffagni A, Fumagalli A, Freppaz M, Calvo E, Buzzetti I (2019) Dynamic of nitrogen and dissolved organic carbon in an alpine forested catchment: atmospheric deposition and soil solution trends. In: Mazzocchi MG, Capotondi L, Freppaz M, Lugliè A, Campanaro A (Eds) Italian Long-Term Ecological Research for understanding ecosystem diversity and functioning. Case studies from aquatic, terrestrial and transitional domains. Nature Conservation 34: 41-66. https://doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.34.30738
: Data type: statistical data
Soil organic carbon stabilization is dominated by non-sorptive process among the subsoils from different parent material
<p>Soil physical and chemical properties from different parent materials in subtropical China.</p>
Carbon burial in soils of the Great Marsh, DE: Evaluating accumulation rates and organic matter composition
<p>This data was collected to address the research questions listed in Rachel Owrutsky's master's thesis (2022) titled <em>Carbon burial in soils of the Great Marsh, DE: evaluating accumulation rates and organic matter composition. </em></p>
Tree identity and diversity directly affect soil moisture and temperature but not soil carbon ten years after planting
<p>1. Soil C is the largest C pool in forest ecosystems that contributes to C sequestration and mitigates climate change. Tree diversity enhances forest productivity, so diversifying the tree species composition, notably in managed forests, could increase the quantity of organic matter being transferred to soils, and alter other soil properties relevant to the C cycle.</p> <p>2. A ten-year-old tree diversity experiment was used to study the effects of tree identity and diversity (functional and taxonomic) on soils. Surface (0-10 cm) mineral soil was repeatedly measured for soil C concentration, C:N ratio, pH, moisture and temperature in twenty-four tree species mixtures and twelve corresponding monocultures (replicated in four blocks).</p> <p>3. Soil pH, moisture and temperature responded to tree diversity and identity. Greater productivity in above- and below-ground tree components did not increase soil C concentration. Soil pH increased and soil moisture decreased with functional diversity, more specifically, when species had different growth strategies and shade tolerances. Functional identity affected soil moisture and temperature, such that tree communities with more slow-growing and shade-tolerant species had greater soil moisture and temperature. Higher temperature was measured in communities with broadleaf-deciduous species compared to communities with coniferous-evergreen species.</p> <p>4. We conclude that long-term soil C cycling in forest plantations will likely respond to changes in soil pH, moisture and temperature that is mediated by tree species composition, since tree species affect these soil properties through their litter quality, water uptake and physical control of soil microclimates.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.