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4,362 results for “subspecies”
Figure 2 in A new subspecies of Ottoman viper, Montivipera xanthina (Gray, 1849), (Squamata: Viperidae) from Geyik Mountains, Mediterranean Turkey
Figure 2. The holotype of Montivipera xanthina varoli (male) from Geyik Mountains, Antalya, Turkey.
Figure 4 in Subspeciation or none? The hardun in the Aegean (Reptilia: Sauria: Agamidae: Laudakia stellio)
Figure 4. Dendrogram of 22 male Laudakia stellio sspp., all whole-tailed, based on 29 characters.
Figure 6 in Subspeciation or none? The hardun in the Aegean (Reptilia: Sauria: Agamidae: Laudakia stellio)
Figure 6. Dendrogram of 16 female Laudakia stellio sspp., all whole-tailed, based on 26 characters.
Evolutionary divergence of potential drought adaptations between two subspecies of an annual plant: Are trait combinations facilitated, independent, or constrained?
<p><b><span>Premise</span></b><span>: Whether drought-adaptation mechanisms tend to evolve together, evolve independently, and/or evolve constrained by genetic architecture is incompletely resolved, particularly for water relations traits besides gas exchange. We addressed this issue in two subspecies of </span><i>Clarkia xantiana</i><span> (Onagraceae), California winter annuals that separated approximately 65,000 years ago and are adapted, partly by differences in flowering time, to native ranges differing in precipitation.</span></p> <p><b><span>Methods: </span></b><span>In these subspecies and in recombinant inbred lines (RILs) from a cross between them we scored traits related to drought adaptation (timing of seed germination and of flowering; succulence; pressure-volume curve parameters) in common environments.</span></p> <p><b><span>Results: </span></b><span>The subspecies native to more arid environments (<i>parviflora</i>) exhibited slower seed germination in saturated conditions, earlier flowering, and greater succulence, likely indicating superior drought avoidance, drought escape, and dehydration resistance via water storage, respectively. The other subspecies (<i>xantiana</i>) had lower osmotic potential at full turgor and lower water potential at turgor loss, implying superior dehydration tolerance. Genetic correlations among RILs suggest facilitated evolution of some trait combinations and independence of others. Where genetic correlations exist, subspecies differences fell along them, with the exception of differences in succulence and turgor loss point. In that case, subspecies difference overcame genetic correlations, possibly reflecting strong selection and/or antagonistic genetic correlations with other traits. </span></p> <p><b><span>Conclusions:</span></b><span> <i>Clarkia xantiana </i>subspecies' differ in multiple mechanisms of drought adaptation. Genetic architecture generally does not seem to have constrained the evolution of these mechanisms, and it may have facilitated the evolution of some of trait combinations. </span></p>
Data for deJonge et al. - Characterizing an invasion assemblage: first comparison of insect communities on native and introduced subspecies of Phragmites australis in Ontario, Canada
<p>Data for deJonge et al. publication "Characterizing an invasion assemblage: first comparison of insect communities on native and introduced subspecies of <em>Phragmites australis </em>in Ontario, Canada". Data are produced from a 2016-2017 survey of 28 geographically paired sites across Ontario, Canada containing introduced <em>Phragmites australis </em>ssp. <em>australis </em>or native <em>Phragmites australis </em>ssp. <em>americanus</em>. The dataset includes for each site basic descriptions of site characteristics (e.g., latitude, stem density), the stem attack rate (% of live stems containing at least one insect) of fourteen insect taxa, and alpha-diversity indices calculated from the attack rates ("FullSiteData" tab). It also includes basic presence and absence data for each taxon across the fourteen sites of each subspecies ("Presence-AbsenceData" tab), and paired differences between native and introduced sites in alpha- and beta-diversity indices, and stem attack rates by taxon ("PairedData(Native-Introduced)" tab).</p>
Data from: Replicate contact zones suggest a limited role of plumage in reproductive isolation among subspecies of the Variable Seedeater (Sporophila corvina)
<p>After establishing secondary contact, recently diverged populations may remain reproductively isolated or may hybridize to a varying extent depending on factors such as hybrid fitness and the strength of assortative mating. Here, we used genomic and phenotypic data from three independent contact zones between subspecies of the Variable Seedeater (<em>Sporophila corvina</em>) to examine how coloration and genetic divergence shape patterns of hybridization. We found that differences in plumage coloration are likely maintained by divergent selection across contact zones; however, the degree of plumage differentiation does not match overall patterns of hybridization. Across two parallel contact zones between populations with divergent phenotypes (entirely black vs. pied plumage), populations hybridized extensively across one contact zone but not the other, suggesting that plumage divergence is not sufficient to maintain reproductive isolation. Where subspecies hybridized, hybrid zones were wide and formed by later-generation hybrids, suggesting frequent reproduction and high survivorship for hybrid individuals. Moreover, contemporary gene flow has played an important role in shaping patterns of genetic structure between populations. Replicated contact zones between hybridizing taxa offer a unique opportunity to explore how different factors interact to shape patterns of hybridization. Overall, our results demonstrate that divergence in plumage coloration is important in reducing gene flow but insufficient in maintaining reproductive isolation in this clade, and that other factors such as divergence in song and time since secondary contact may also play an important role in driving patterns of reduced hybridization and gene flow.</p>
Fig. 5 in Description of a new species and a new subspecies of Odontorrhina Burmeister, 1842 (Scarabaeidae, Cetoniinae), with ecological notes on the genus
Fig. 5. Odontorrhina maraisi sp. n., female perched on koringbos plant (Witwater, October 2010).
Fig. 2 in Description of a new species and a new subspecies of Odontorrhina Burmeister, 1842 (Scarabaeidae, Cetoniinae), with ecological notes on the genus
Fig. 2. Odontorrhina maraisi sp. n., frontal (a) and side (b) view of male aedeagus.
Fig. 7. Odontorrhina p in Description of a new species and a new subspecies of Odontorrhina Burmeister, 1842 (Scarabaeidae, Cetoniinae), with ecological notes on the genus
Fig. 7. Odontorrhina p. pubescens, male feeding on sap of a freshly barked Melianthus sp. branch.
Fig. 1 in Description of a new species and a new subspecies of Odontorrhina Burmeister, 1842 (Scarabaeidae, Cetoniinae), with ecological notes on the genus
Fig. 1. Odontorrhina maraisi sp. n., male dorsal (a) and ventral (b) side.
Figure 1. A in Genetic Relationships of Long-nosed Potoroos Potorous tridactylus (Kerr, 1792) from the Bass Strait Islands, with Notes on the Subspecies Potorous tridactylus benormi Courtney, 1963
Figure 1. A map of Bass Strait and the Bass Strait Islands.
Supplementary Material to the Publication: Clonal relation between Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Dublin strains of bovine and food origin in Germany
<p>OHEJP Project: BeOne</p> <p><em>Salmonella enterica </em>serovar Dublin (<em>S</em>. Dublin) is a host-adapted serovar that causes enteritis and/or systemic diseases in cattle. Because the serovar is not host-specific, it can infect other species, including human beings, causing severe disease and a higher mortality rate than other non-typhoidal serovars. Given that human illnesses are primarily caused by contaminated milk, milk products, and beef, data on the genetic connection between <em>S</em>. Dublin strains from livestock and food should be analyzed. </p> <p>Whole genome sequencing (WGS) was performed on 144 <em>S</em>. Dublin strains from cattle and 30 strains from food. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) found that the majority of livestock and food isolates were of the sequence type ST-10. As discovered by core-genome Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms Typing and core-genome MLST, 14 of 30 strains from food origin were clonally related to at least one strain from cattle. Without outliers, the remaining 16 food-borne strains fit into the genomic structure of <em>S</em>. Dublin in Germany. WGS demonstrated to be an effective method not only for learning about the epidemiology of Salmonella strains, but also for detecting clonal relationships between organisms isolated at different stages of production. This study discovered a strong genetic link between <em>S</em>. Dublin strains from cattle and food, and thus the potential to cause human infections. <em>S</em>. Dublin strains from both origins have a nearly comparable collection of virulence factors, emphasizing their ability to produce severe clinical symptoms in animals as well as humans, emphasizing the importance of effective <em>S</em>. Dublin management in a farm to fork strategy.</p>
Figure 26 in A new subspecies of Arctic Apollo - Parnassius arcticus (Eisner, 1968) (Lepidoptera, Papilionidae) from the Arga-Tas Range (North-Eastern Yakutia)
Figure 26. Detailed distributional map of P. arcticus arbugaevi and P. arcticus shavlovi.
Figures 20−21 in A new subspecies of Arctic Apollo - Parnassius arcticus (Eisner, 1968) (Lepidoptera, Papilionidae) from the Arga-Tas Range (North-Eastern Yakutia)
Figures 20−21. Landscapes on the Arga-Tas Range (photo by Y. Bakhaev).
Figure 23 in A new subspecies of Arctic Apollo - Parnassius arcticus (Eisner, 1968) (Lepidoptera, Papilionidae) from the Arga-Tas Range (North-Eastern Yakutia)
Figure 23. Host plants of P. arcticus shavlovi: Corydalis gorodkovii (photo by Y. Bakhaev)
Figure 22. P in A new subspecies of Arctic Apollo - Parnassius arcticus (Eisner, 1968) (Lepidoptera, Papilionidae) from the Arga-Tas Range (North-Eastern Yakutia)
Figure 22. P. arcticus shavlovi (male) on the flower of Smelowskia jacutica (photo by Y. Bakhaev).
Figure 19. P in A new subspecies of Arctic Apollo - Parnassius arcticus (Eisner, 1968) (Lepidoptera, Papilionidae) from the Arga-Tas Range (North-Eastern Yakutia)
Figure 19. P. arcticus shavlovi in nature, female (photo by Yu. Bakhaev).
Figure 18. P in A new subspecies of Arctic Apollo - Parnassius arcticus (Eisner, 1968) (Lepidoptera, Papilionidae) from the Arga-Tas Range (North-Eastern Yakutia)
Figure 18. P. arcticus shavlovi in nature, male (photo by Yu. Bakhaev).
Breeding biology and nesting behaviour of the endemic subspecies of White-eyed Vireo (Vireo griseus bermudianus) on the Bermuda archipelago
<p><span>See full abstract by searching the title of this article on the Journal of Field Ornithology webpage, ResearchGate, or Google Scholar. </span></p>
Data from: Subspecies-level distribution maps for birds of the amazon basin and adjacent areas
<p>Available distribution datasets used to assess the range extantion of biological species are often at a species-level taxonomy. Because different taxonomy biases, many bird subspecies from the Neotropical region may deserve full species status. We provide range polygons for 3,990 subspecies of birds, representing 2,043 species from 65 families. All taxa are from the Amazon region, which includes the entire Amazon basin, the east slope of tropical Andes, French Guiana, Suriname, Guyana, south Venezuela (Bolivar and Amazonas departments), parts of the Brazilian Cerrado, and the Araguaia-Tocantins basin. These new maps of Amazonian bird subspecies distributions will improve and refine analyses on biodiversity studies (e.g. macroecology, evolution, conservation), and facilitate biogeographic, ecological, evolutionary, and conservation research on birds in the most biologically diverse region in the world.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.