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Figs 2–4 in Occurrence And Abundance Of Invasive And Native Arion Slugs In Three Types Of Habitats In Urban Area Of Wrocław (Sw Poland)

Figs 2–4. Sampled habitat types: 2 = natural habitat in forest Las Pilczycki (locality no 2); 3 = semi-natural habitat with watercourse, the Dolna Oława in Park Wschodni (locality no

Fig. 1 in Occurrence And Abundance Of Invasive And Native Arion Slugs In Three Types Of Habitats In Urban Area Of Wrocław (Sw Poland)

Fig. 1. Location of sampling sites in Wrocław (see Table 1) and map of administrative division of Poland. Symbols indicate the type of habitat. Colours indicate species and hybrids

Text-fig. 14. Dendrograms of studied taxa based on enamel ultrastructure characters. a: dendrogram based on all three enamel types; b: dendrogram based on enamel type I. in The Ultrastructure Of The Tooth Enamel Of Small Equus Of The "Tarpan" Group And Their Possible Phylogenetic Connections

Text-fig. 14. Dendrograms of studied taxa based on enamel ultrastructure characters. a: dendrogram based on all three enamel types; b: dendrogram based on enamel type I.

Text-fig. 9. Enamel ultrastructure of M1-2, Equus hydruntinus (Kabazi 2). a, b: type I; c, d: type II. in The Ultrastructure Of The Tooth Enamel Of Small Equus Of The "Tarpan" Group And Their Possible Phylogenetic Connections

Text-fig. 9. Enamel ultrastructure of M1-2, Equus hydruntinus (Kabazi 2). a, b: type I; c, d: type II.

Text-fig. 8. Enamel ultrastructure of M1, Equus przewalskii (Chornobyl Exclusion Zone). a, b: enamel row, scale bar = 100 and 20 Μm respectively; c: type I and III, scale bar = 20 Μm; d–f: first type enamel arrangement, scale bar d = 10, e = 3 Μm and f = 2 Μm; g, h: prisms of TZ, scale bar = 50 and 30 Μm respectively; i: type II near OES, scale bar = 20 Μm. in The Ultrastructure Of The Tooth Enamel Of Small Equus Of The "Tarpan" Group And Their Possible Phylogenetic Connections

Text-fig. 8. Enamel ultrastructure of M1, Equus przewalskii (Chornobyl Exclusion Zone). a, b: enamel row, scale bar = 100 and 20 Μm respectively; c: type I and III, scale bar = 20 Μm; d–f: first type enamel arrangement, scale bar d = 10, e = 3 Μm and f = 2 Μm; g, h: prisms of TZ, scale bar = 50 and 30 Μm respectively; i: type II near OES, scale bar = 20 Μm.

Text-fig. 4. Enamel ultrastructure of M1-2, Equus gmelini (Myrne). a: enamel row, scale bar = 30 Μm; b: type I and III, scale bar = 20 Μm; c: type II near OES border, scale bar = 2 Μm. in The Ultrastructure Of The Tooth Enamel Of Small Equus Of The "Tarpan" Group And Their Possible Phylogenetic Connections

Text-fig. 4. Enamel ultrastructure of M1-2, Equus gmelini (Myrne). a: enamel row, scale bar = 30 Μm; b: type I and III, scale bar = 20 Μm; c: type II near OES border, scale bar = 2 Μm.

Text-fig. 5. Enamel ultrastructure of m1-2, Equus gmelini (Kamiana Mohyla). a: type I, scale bar = 2 Μm; b: type II, scale bar = 10 Μm; c: type II near the OES border, scale bar = 2 Μm. in The Ultrastructure Of The Tooth Enamel Of Small Equus Of The "Tarpan" Group And Their Possible Phylogenetic Connections

Text-fig. 5. Enamel ultrastructure of m1-2, Equus gmelini (Kamiana Mohyla). a: type I, scale bar = 2 Μm; b: type II, scale bar = 10 Μm; c: type II near the OES border, scale bar = 2 Μm.

Text-fig. 6. Enamel ultrastructure of M2, Equus gmelini (Hirzhevo). a: type I and III, scale bar = 20 Μm; b: IPM and PE first type prisms, scale bar = 3 Μm; c, d: wavy/decussated enamel of TZ, scale bar = 20 and 10 Μm respectively; e: type II near OES border, scale bar = 2 Μm; f: type III, scale bar = 2 Μm. in The Ultrastructure Of The Tooth Enamel Of Small Equus Of The "Tarpan" Group And Their Possible Phylogenetic Connections

Text-fig. 6. Enamel ultrastructure of M2, Equus gmelini (Hirzhevo). a: type I and III, scale bar = 20 Μm; b: IPM and PE first type prisms, scale bar = 3 Μm; c, d: wavy/decussated enamel of TZ, scale bar = 20 and 10 Μm respectively; e: type II near OES border, scale bar = 2 Μm; f: type III, scale bar = 2 Μm.

Text-fig. 2. Measurements (Μm) of the width of IPM and PE prisms of various types of enamel in representatives of Equidae from the "tarpan" group. in The Ultrastructure Of The Tooth Enamel Of Small Equus Of The "Tarpan" Group And Their Possible Phylogenetic Connections

Text-fig. 2. Measurements (Μm) of the width of IPM and PE prisms of various types of enamel in representatives of Equidae from the "tarpan" group.

Text-fig. 7. Enamel ultrastructure of P3, Equus caballus (konik polski). a: enamel row, scale bar = 50 Μm; b: type I and III, scale bar = 50 Μm; c: type I, scale bar = 10 Μm; d, e: wavy enamel of TZ with decussations, scale bar = 100 and 50 Μm respectively; f: type II near OES, scale bar = 10 Μm. in The Ultrastructure Of The Tooth Enamel Of Small Equus Of The "Tarpan" Group And Their Possible Phylogenetic Connections

Text-fig. 7. Enamel ultrastructure of P3, Equus caballus (konik polski). a: enamel row, scale bar = 50 Μm; b: type I and III, scale bar = 50 Μm; c: type I, scale bar = 10 Μm; d, e: wavy enamel of TZ with decussations, scale bar = 100 and 50 Μm respectively; f: type II near OES, scale bar = 10 Μm.

Text-fig. 3. Tendency of changes in IPM and PE width indicators in different types of enamel of the Equidae species of the "tarpan" group. I–III – types of enamel. a: IPM; b: PE. in The Ultrastructure Of The Tooth Enamel Of Small Equus Of The "Tarpan" Group And Their Possible Phylogenetic Connections

Text-fig. 3. Tendency of changes in IPM and PE width indicators in different types of enamel of the Equidae species of the "tarpan" group. I–III – types of enamel. a: IPM; b: PE.

Text-fig. 1. Lycospora. a: Microspore from the bisporangiate cone Flemingites gracilis CARRUTH. (from Brack-Hanes and Thomas 1983). This type of microspore should be referred to Microspinosporites BEK. b: Flanged microspore from the microsporangiate cone Lepidostrobus binneyanus A.ARBER (from Thomas 1970), same magnification as in (a). c, d: Microscpores from the microsporangiate cone Lepidostrobus brownii (UNGER) SCHIMP. (from Thomas and Bek 2014). in Why Lycospora Dominated Many Pennsylvanian Spore Assemblages

Text-fig. 1. Lycospora. a: Microspore from the bisporangiate cone Flemingites gracilis CARRUTH. (from Brack-Hanes and Thomas 1983). This type of microspore should be referred to Microspinosporites BEK. b: Flanged microspore from the microsporangiate cone Lepidostrobus binneyanus A.ARBER (from Thomas 1970), same magnification as in (a). c, d: Microscpores from the microsporangiate cone Lepidostrobus brownii (UNGER) SCHIMP. (from Thomas and Bek 2014).

Text-fig. 4. a: Conglomeratic to massive sandstone facies 1, facies A are composed of Andesit (AF), Clay (CF) and Sandstone (SF) fragments lain on medium-sandstone. b: Conglomeratic to massive sandstone facies, outcropping of massive sandstone facies comprises of fine to medium grain size of grey to yellowish sandstone. c: Heterolithic sandstone-mudstone facies, intercalation of fine sand with silt and shale as type form of heterolithic sandstone mudstone as indicated by a high sand/shale ratio. d: Example outcrops of heterolithic sandstone-mudstone 2 indicated by low sand/shale ratio. e: Heterolithic fine sand and mudstone and mudstone facies, intercalation of thin sandstone and shale. f: Representative of slump deposits outcrops belong to conglomeratic to massive sandstone facies, which is indicated by the intercalation of sandstone and shale and some disturbed beds or layers as seen in slump deposits. The facies type is normally deposited within the basin floor, channel margin or as a product of the overbank deposits. In this figure the slump deposit is shown as internal bedding, some occurred on the bedding-plane. Trend slope measurement of the fold-axis revealed values N 135°E and N 108°E. in Lithofacies And Ichnofacies Of Turbidite Deposits, West Java, Indonesia

Text-fig. 4. a: Conglomeratic to massive sandstone facies 1, facies A are composed of Andesit (AF), Clay (CF) and Sandstone (SF) fragments lain on medium-sandstone. b: Conglomeratic to massive sandstone facies, outcropping of massive sandstone facies comprises of fine to medium grain size of grey to yellowish sandstone. c: Heterolithic sandstone-mudstone facies, intercalation of fine sand with silt and shale as type form of heterolithic sandstone mudstone as indicated by a high sand/shale ratio. d: Example outcrops of heterolithic sandstone-mudstone 2 indicated by low sand/shale ratio. e: Heterolithic fine sand and mudstone and mudstone facies, intercalation of thin sandstone and shale. f: Representative of slump deposits outcrops belong to conglomeratic to massive sandstone facies, which is indicated by the intercalation of sandstone and shale and some disturbed beds or layers as seen in slump deposits. The facies type is normally deposited within the basin floor, channel margin or as a product of the overbank deposits. In this figure the slump deposit is shown as internal bedding, some occurred on the bedding-plane. Trend slope measurement of the fold-axis revealed values N 135°E and N 108°E.

Text-fig. 5. Several trace fossil types found within turbidite facies in Majalengka area (Muljana 2012). (a) Chondrites, (b) Planolites, (c–e) Thalassinoides, (f) Cruziana?. Scale bar 5 cm. in Lithofacies And Ichnofacies Of Turbidite Deposits, West Java, Indonesia

Text-fig. 5. Several trace fossil types found within turbidite facies in Majalengka area (Muljana 2012). (a) Chondrites, (b) Planolites, (c–e) Thalassinoides, (f) Cruziana?. Scale bar 5 cm.

Text-fig. 13. Macrophotographs of the fossil stems from Mhengere. a: large (90 cm diameter) palm tree trunk in situ; b: external view of the outer roots at the base of the trunk; average diameter of single root is 7 mm; c, d: cross-sections of a fragment of trunk showing the random distribution of equal-sized fibre vascular bundles throughout the trunk, the so-called Coccos-type. in Stratigraphy, Chronology And Palaeontology Of The Tertiary Rocks Of The Cheringoma Plateau, Mozambique

Text-fig. 13. Macrophotographs of the fossil stems from Mhengere. a: large (90 cm diameter) palm tree trunk in situ; b: external view of the outer roots at the base of the trunk; average diameter of single root is 7 mm; c, d: cross-sections of a fragment of trunk showing the random distribution of equal-sized fibre vascular bundles throughout the trunk, the so-called Coccos-type.

Text-fig. 1. a: Simplified geological map of the Permo-Carboniferous Brive Basin (after Feys 1989) with marked localities L 1 (Brive, road D1089), L 2 (Lanteuil). b: Profile of the Brive Basin (modified from Feys 1989). c: Profile recorded by Guy and Maryse Chantepie in 2007 on the type locality Brive, road D1089. in New Actinopterygians From The Permian Of The Brive Basin, And The Ichthyofaunas Of The French Massif Central

Text-fig. 1. a: Simplified geological map of the Permo-Carboniferous Brive Basin (after Feys 1989) with marked localities L 1 (Brive, road D1089), L 2 (Lanteuil). b: Profile of the Brive Basin (modified from Feys 1989). c: Profile recorded by Guy and Maryse Chantepie in 2007 on the type locality Brive, road D1089.

Text-fig. 14. Photomicrographs of thin sections of specimen BP/16/1732 Palmoxylon dutoitii from Mhengere Hill, Gorongosa, Mozambique. a: transverse section (TS) with four fibre vascular bundles (fvb) and poorly preserved parenchyma between; b: diagram of one of the fvbs in (a) of the reniform type (f – fibres, mx – metaxylum, p – phloem, px – protoxylum); c: close up of the vascular part of a fvb with 2 metaxylem elements and the collapsed cells to the lower left represents the phloem; d: fvb with 2 metaxylem elements, fibrous part to the left and parencymarous ground tissue to the right; e: lower magnification of fvb in (c); f: fvb with three metaxylem elements and phloem patch below; g: longitudinal section (LS) showing the vascular sections alternating with the fibrous sections; h: LS showing the horizontal thickening on the walls of the metaxylem vessels and a patch of parenchyma to the right (darker cells); i: spheroid echinate phytoliths that are typical of Hyphaene and Borassus. in Stratigraphy, Chronology And Palaeontology Of The Tertiary Rocks Of The Cheringoma Plateau, Mozambique

Text-fig. 14. Photomicrographs of thin sections of specimen BP/16/1732 Palmoxylon dutoitii from Mhengere Hill, Gorongosa, Mozambique. a: transverse section (TS) with four fibre vascular bundles (fvb) and poorly preserved parenchyma between; b: diagram of one of the fvbs in (a) of the reniform type (f – fibres, mx – metaxylum, p – phloem, px – protoxylum); c: close up of the vascular part of a fvb with 2 metaxylem elements and the collapsed cells to the lower left represents the phloem; d: fvb with 2 metaxylem elements, fibrous part to the left and parencymarous ground tissue to the right; e: lower magnification of fvb in (c); f: fvb with three metaxylem elements and phloem patch below; g: longitudinal section (LS) showing the vascular sections alternating with the fibrous sections; h: LS showing the horizontal thickening on the walls of the metaxylem vessels and a patch of parenchyma to the right (darker cells); i: spheroid echinate phytoliths that are typical of Hyphaene and Borassus.

Text-fig. 5. Mastixiopsis nyssoides KIRCHH. a, b, g–n: Organic preservation. a, b: Lignitic, unpermineralized, early Eocene Dorset Pipe clays at Arne, V. 40762. a: Ventral view (original illustration from pl. 18, fig. 1 of Chandler 1962). b: Transverse fracture, somewhat distorted by compression. c–f: Pyrite permineralization. c: Ventral view, V. 22963(1) from Sheppey, originally listed as Mastixia cantiensis. d: Lateral view, V. 22969 from Sheppey (identified as Mastixia grandis by Reid and Chandler 1933: pl. 25, fig. 8). e: Equatorial transverse physical section from (c). f: Equatorial transverse physical section from (d). g: Detail of pericarp from (e), showing endocarp formed of dense fibrous tissue, surrounded by mesocarp of anticlinally oriented larger cells. h: Detail of pericarp from (f). i–n: Type material from Eocene of Riestadt, Germany, MNB. i: Ventral view. j, k: Ventral and apical views of holotype. l: View of the transversely fractured surface from (j) showing horseshoe shaped locule. m: Equatorial transverse physical cut of the specimen in (i); note yellow resin cavity (arrow). n: Scanning electron microscopy of pericarp from (l) with locule lining at lower edge of image. Note dense endocarp tissue composed of small cells (fibres and sclereids), extending about 3/5 of distance to periphery, surrounded by mesocarp of larger, anticlinally oriented cells. Scale bars 1 cm in (a–f), (i–k), 1 mm in (g), 2 mm in (h), 3 mm in (l), m, 250 Μm in (n). Bar in (d) applies also to (c). Bar in (l) also applies to (m). Bar in (i) also applies to (j) and (k). in Mastixioid Fruits (Cornales) From The Early Eocene London Clay Flora: Morphology, Anatomy And Nomenclatural Revision

Text-fig. 5. Mastixiopsis nyssoides KIRCHH. a, b, g–n: Organic preservation. a, b: Lignitic, unpermineralized, early Eocene Dorset Pipe clays at Arne, V. 40762. a: Ventral view (original illustration from pl. 18, fig. 1 of Chandler 1962). b: Transverse fracture, somewhat distorted by compression. c–f: Pyrite permineralization. c: Ventral view, V. 22963(1) from Sheppey, originally listed as Mastixia cantiensis. d: Lateral view, V. 22969 from Sheppey (identified as Mastixia grandis by Reid and Chandler 1933: pl. 25, fig. 8). e: Equatorial transverse physical section from (c). f: Equatorial transverse physical section from (d). g: Detail of pericarp from (e), showing endocarp formed of dense fibrous tissue, surrounded by mesocarp of anticlinally oriented larger cells. h: Detail of pericarp from (f). i–n: Type material from Eocene of Riestadt, Germany, MNB. i: Ventral view. j, k: Ventral and apical views of holotype. l: View of the transversely fractured surface from (j) showing horseshoe shaped locule. m: Equatorial transverse physical cut of the specimen in (i); note yellow resin cavity (arrow). n: Scanning electron microscopy of pericarp from (l) with locule lining at lower edge of image. Note dense endocarp tissue composed of small cells (fibres and sclereids), extending about 3/5 of distance to periphery, surrounded by mesocarp of larger, anticlinally oriented cells. Scale bars 1 cm in (a–f), (i–k), 1 mm in (g), 2 mm in (h), 3 mm in (l), m, 250 Μm in (n). Bar in (d) applies also to (c). Bar in (l) also applies to (m). Bar in (i) also applies to (j) and (k).

Text-fig. 1. Modern vegetation proxies as delivered by the Drudge 1 and 2 tools for Parschlug. Left column results from KovarEder et al. (2021) based on the floristic spectrum published by Kovar-Eder et al. (2004). The other three columns result from three variants using the enlarged floristic spectrum herein. Differences between variants 1–3 from this study are caused by differences in assignment of some taxa and morphotypes (see Appendix 1). European vegetation formations: Formation C – Subarctic, boreal and nemoral-montane open woodlands as well as subalpine and oro-Mediterranean vegetation; Formation D – Mesophytic and hygromesophytic coniferous and mixed broad-leaved-coniferous forests; Formation F – Mesophytic broadleaved deciduous and mixed broadleaved/conifer forests; Formation G – Thermophilous mixed deciduous broadleaved forests; Formation J – Mediterranean sclerophyllous forests and scrub; Formation K – Xerophytic coniferous forests, coniferous woodland and scrub. East Asian vegetation types: MCF China, Japan – Montane Coniferous Forests China, Honshu, Yakushima; BLDF N and NE Provinces, China – Broad-leaved Deciduous Forests of the Northern and Northeastern Provinces (China); BLDF Upper Yangtze, Honshu – Broad-leaved Deciduous Forest, Upper Yangtze Provinces, Mt. Emei, and Honshu; MMF China – Mixed Mesophytic Forest, Lower Yangtze Provinces; BLEF China, Japan – Broad-leaved Evergreen Forests, China, Japan; Meili Snow Mt. high altitude SCL and BLF, China – Meili Snow Mt., Sclerophyllous and broad-leaved forest zone (2,580-3,650 m alt.). (Designations of European vegetation formations follow Bohn et al. (2004) and Asian ones follow Kovar-Eder et al. (2021). in Floristic, Vegetation And Climate Assessment Of The Early/Middle Miocene Parschlug Flora Indicates A Distinctly Seasonal Climate

Text-fig. 1. Modern vegetation proxies as delivered by the Drudge 1 and 2 tools for Parschlug. Left column results from KovarEder et al. (2021) based on the floristic spectrum published by Kovar-Eder et al. (2004). The other three columns result from three variants using the enlarged floristic spectrum herein. Differences between variants 1–3 from this study are caused by differences in assignment of some taxa and morphotypes (see Appendix 1). European vegetation formations: Formation C – Subarctic, boreal and nemoral-montane open woodlands as well as subalpine and oro-Mediterranean vegetation; Formation D – Mesophytic and hygromesophytic coniferous and mixed broad-leaved-coniferous forests; Formation F – Mesophytic broadleaved deciduous and mixed broadleaved/conifer forests; Formation G – Thermophilous mixed deciduous broadleaved forests; Formation J – Mediterranean sclerophyllous forests and scrub; Formation K – Xerophytic coniferous forests, coniferous woodland and scrub. East Asian vegetation types: MCF China, Japan – Montane Coniferous Forests China, Honshu, Yakushima; BLDF N and NE Provinces, China – Broad-leaved Deciduous Forests of the Northern and Northeastern Provinces (China); BLDF Upper Yangtze, Honshu – Broad-leaved Deciduous Forest, Upper Yangtze Provinces, Mt. Emei, and Honshu; MMF China – Mixed Mesophytic Forest, Lower Yangtze Provinces; BLEF China, Japan – Broad-leaved Evergreen Forests, China, Japan; Meili Snow Mt. high altitude SCL and BLF, China – Meili Snow Mt., Sclerophyllous and broad-leaved forest zone (2,580-3,650 m alt.). (Designations of European vegetation formations follow Bohn et al. (2004) and Asian ones follow Kovar-Eder et al. (2021).

Text-fig. 4. Type specimens of Magnolia allasoniae MARTINETTO sp. nov. from the Pliocene locality Ca' Viettone. a1–a4: Holotype (MGPT-PU141081) in different views, i.e., as originally figured in Martinetto (1995: pl. 1, fig. 5) in a black and white print (a1), in a new digital photograph in basal view (a2), ventral view (a3) and dorsal view (a4); b1–b4: Paratype MGPT-PU141082 in different views, i.e., as originally figured in Martinetto (1995: pl. 1, fig. 4) in a black and white print (b1), in a new digital photograph in basal view (b2), ventral view (b3) and dorsal view (b4); c1–c4: Paratype MGPT-PU141083 in different views, i.e., as originally figured in Martinetto (1995: pl. 1, fig. 6) in a black and white print (c1), in a new digital photograph in basal view (c2), ventral view (c3) and dorsal view (c4); d1–d4: Paratype MGPT-PU141084 in different views, i.e., as originally figured in Martinetto (1995: pl. 1, fig. 7) in a black and white print (d1), in a new digital photograph in basal view (d2), ventral view (d3) and internal view (d4). Scale bars 1 mm. in Late Messinian Flora From The Post-Evaporitic Deposits Of The Piedmont Basin (Northwest Italy)

Text-fig. 4. Type specimens of Magnolia allasoniae MARTINETTO sp. nov. from the Pliocene locality Ca' Viettone. a1–a4: Holotype (MGPT-PU141081) in different views, i.e., as originally figured in Martinetto (1995: pl. 1, fig. 5) in a black and white print (a1), in a new digital photograph in basal view (a2), ventral view (a3) and dorsal view (a4); b1–b4: Paratype MGPT-PU141082 in different views, i.e., as originally figured in Martinetto (1995: pl. 1, fig. 4) in a black and white print (b1), in a new digital photograph in basal view (b2), ventral view (b3) and dorsal view (b4); c1–c4: Paratype MGPT-PU141083 in different views, i.e., as originally figured in Martinetto (1995: pl. 1, fig. 6) in a black and white print (c1), in a new digital photograph in basal view (c2), ventral view (c3) and dorsal view (c4); d1–d4: Paratype MGPT-PU141084 in different views, i.e., as originally figured in Martinetto (1995: pl. 1, fig. 7) in a black and white print (d1), in a new digital photograph in basal view (d2), ventral view (d3) and internal view (d4). Scale bars 1 mm.