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Figure 4 in Zoeal stages of Hiplyra variegata (Rüppell, 1830) (Crustacea: Brachyura: Leucosiidae) reared in the laboratory and collected from plankton at Al-Kharrar creek, central Red Sea
Figure 4. Hiplyra variegata (Rüppell, 1830), pleopod: (a) zoea II; (b) zoea III. Pereiopod: (c) zoea II; (d) zoea III. Dorsal view of pleon: (e) zoea I; (f) zoea II; (g) zoea III. Dorsal view of telson: (h) zoea III.
Figure 3 in Zoeal stages of Hiplyra variegata (Rüppell, 1830) (Crustacea: Brachyura: Leucosiidae) reared in the laboratory and collected from plankton at Al-Kharrar creek, central Red Sea
Figure 3. Hiplyra variegata (Rüppell, 1830), first maxilliped: (a) zoea I; (b) zoea II; (c) zoea III. Second maxilliped: (d) zoea I; (e) zoea II; (f) zoea II; Third maxilliped: (g) zoea III.
Figure 1 in Zoeal stages of Hiplyra variegata (Rüppell, 1830) (Crustacea: Brachyura: Leucosiidae) reared in the laboratory and collected from plankton at Al-Kharrar creek, central Red Sea
Figure 1. Hiplyra variegata (Rüppell, 1830), lateral view of carapace: (a) zoea I; (b) zoea II; (c) zoea III. Dorsal view of rostrum spine: (d) zoea I; (e) zoea II; (f) zoea III. Antennule: (g) zoea I; (i) zoea II; (k) zoea III. Antenna: (h) zoea I; (j) zoea II; (l) zoea III.
Figure 3 from: Lu X, Duan C, Ning Y, Jiang XH, Hou XH (2020) Morphology of the immature stages of Dasyhelea silvatica Wang, Zhang & Yu with redescriptions of adults (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae). ZooKeys 961: 119-127. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.961.53882
Figure 3 Dasyhelea silvatica Wang, Zhang & Yu. Male adult (A–J), female adult (K–T) A, K frontal sclerite, anterior view B, L eyes contiguous, anterior view C, M flagellomeres, anterior view D, N clypeus, anterior view E, O palpus, anterior view F metatibial distae comb G genitalia, ventral view H genitalia, ventral view I aedeagus J paramere P wing Q hind tibial comb R subgenital plate and spermatheca, ventral view S subgenital plate, ventral view T spermatheca, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.
Figure 2 from: Lu X, Duan C, Ning Y, Jiang XH, Hou XH (2020) Morphology of the immature stages of Dasyhelea silvatica Wang, Zhang & Yu with redescriptions of adults (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae). ZooKeys 961: 119-127. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.961.53882
Figure 2 Dasyhelea silvatica Wang, Zhang & Yu. Male pupa (A–H), female pupa (I, J) A, I dorsal apotome B segment 9 C clypeal/labral sensilla and ocular sensilla D metathoracic sensilla, and first abdominal segment E anterolateral and anteromedial sensilla F dorsal and supra-alar sensilla G dorsolateral cephalic sclerite sensilla H segment 4 J segment 9. Abbreviations: Anterolateral sensilla (AL-1-T, AL-2-T, AL-3-T); clypeal/labral sensilla (CL-1-H, CL-2-H); dorsal apotome sensilla (DA-1-H, DA-2-H); dorsolateral cephalic sclerite sensilla (DL-1-H, DL-2-H, DL-3-H); dorsal setae (D-1-T, D-2-T, D-3-T); dorsal sensilla of segment 9 (D-5-IX); methatoracic sensilla (M-2-T, M-3-T); ocular sensilla (O-1-H, O-2-H) respiratory organ (RO); tergite 1 sensilla (D-2-I, D-4-I, D-7-I, L-1-I, L-2-I, L-3-I); genital lobe (GL); terminal process (TP). Scale bars: 0.1 mm.
Figure 1 from: Lu X, Duan C, Ning Y, Jiang XH, Hou XH (2020) Morphology of the immature stages of Dasyhelea silvatica Wang, Zhang & Yu with redescriptions of adults (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae). ZooKeys 961: 119-127. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.961.53882
Figure 1 Dasyhela silvatica Wang, Zhang & Yu, fourth instar larva A chaetotaxy on the head capsule, lateral view (SEM) B chaetotaxy on the head capsule, ventral view C detail of labrum D sensilla coeloconica E detail of scopae F detail of mouthparts G caudal segment H head, ventral view I hypopharynx J epipharynx. Abbreviations: antenna (AN); epipharynx (epy); galeolacinia (GL); hypostoma (HY); hooks (H); hypopharynx (hyp); labrum (LB); lacinial sclerite 1 (LC1); lacinial sclerite 2 (LC2); mandible (MD); maxilla (MX); maxillary palpus (MP); messors (MS);palatum (PL); sensilla coeloconica (Sco); sensilla campaniformia (Sca); scopae (Sc); first lateral setae (l1); second lateral setae (l2). Scale bars: 0.1 mm (G–I).
Weather effects on nestling survival of great tits vary according to the developmental stage
<p class="CxSpFirst">Organisms change breeding investments as a function of the environment, thereby maximizing reproductive success. Climate change studies of avian life-history have long focused on plasticity of laying dates and clutch sizes in response to weather conditions prior to clutch initiation. By contrast, effects of unpredictable weather events occurring after initial reproductive decisions are made have largely been ignored, despite becoming increasingly important with ongoing climate change. We studied the detrimental effects of fluctuations in temperature and precipitation during various nesting phases of great tits (<em>Parus major</em>), identifying the developmental age windows where weather fluctuations affected hatching, nestling mass and fledging success. We used a longitudinal (8-year) dataset of great tits breeding in next boxes in southern Germany and applied a recently introduced explorative approach that does not require a priori assumptions on the time windows (range of ages) over which weather may affect reproductive parameters. Lower temperatures and higher precipitation during the nestling phase negatively affected nestling mass and survival: nestlings between the ages 6-9 days were most susceptible to this form of variation in weather. Effects of weather did not differ between years, i.e., there was no evidence for 'good' versus 'bad' years. Future research should focus on the mechanisms underpinning effects of weather on nestling growth and survival in other populations and consider whether age-dependent weather consequences occur in a wide variety of taxa, as specific developmental stages may serve as weak spots in a scenario of increasing recurrence of weather extremes.</p>
Data from: Increased soil temperature and decreased precipitation during early plant life stages constrain grass seedling recruitment in cold desert restoration
1. Seed-based restoration is one of the most difficult challenges for dryland restoration. Identifying environmental conditions that drive variation in seed and seedling mortality across similar restoration efforts could increase understanding of when and where restoration outcomes are likely to be favorable and identify new tools and strategies to improve outcomes. 2. We asked how variation in a suite of environmental predictors influenced germination, emergence, seedling establishment, and juvenile survival of four commonly sown perennial grass species across 33 seeding experiments distributed over a ~160,000-km2 area of the Great Basin, a cold desert system in the western United States. 3. Across experiments, we observed wide variation in the rates of four demographic transitions and wide variation in environmental conditions experienced by plants at each stage. For all species, higher precipitation during the first 30 days following seeding was associated with an increase in germination. Conversely, higher soil temperature over this same time period was associated with a significant decrease in germination and emergence and soil temperature was associated with a substantial portion of the variation in germination and emergence probabilities observed across our seeding experiments. 4. Within the range of precipitation variation observed, we were unable to detect a significant relationship between seedling establishment the first growing season and cumulative precipitation the first year, precipitation during the first spring growing season, or annual climatic water deficit (CWD) the first year. Higher CWD the second growing season reduced seedling survival over that time period. 5. Synthesis and application. Our results show higher soil temperature negatively impacts grass seedling recruitment. Our results can be combined with seasonal and subseasonal temperature forecasts to improve restoration decision-making. These results also suggest climate warming will make restoration even more difficult, with our model estimates suggesting the 2°C increase in temperature expected in the Great Basin over the coming decades will decease germination and emergence by about 30%. Lastly, while our field-based approach provided insight into short-term drivers of mortality, it did not provide insight into drivers of longer-term survival, suggesting a need to develop process-based approaches for predicting long-term restoration outcomes.29-Aug-2019
Comparison of health literacy profile of patients with end stage kidney disease on dialysis versus non-dialysis chronic kidney disease and the influencing factors: a cross-sectional study
<p><strong>Objectives</strong>: Lower health literacy (HL) is associated with poor outcomes in patients with kidney disease. Since HL matches the patient's competencies with the complexities of the care package, the level of HL sufficient in earlier stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD) may be inadequate for end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) patients on dialysis. We aimed to analyse the HL profile of ESKD and non-dialysis CKD patients and examine if there were significant associations with covariates which could be targeted to address HL deficits, thereby improving patient outcomes.</p> <p><strong>Design and setting</strong>: Cross-sectional study of CKD and ESKD patients from a single Australian health district.</p> <p><strong>Methods</strong>: We assessed the HL profile of 114 CKD and 109 ESKD patients using a 44-item multi-domain HL Questionnaire (HLQ) and examined its association with demographic factors (age, gender, race), smoking, income, education, comorbidities, carer status, cognitive function and depression. Using multi-variable logistic regression models, HL profiles of CKD and ESKD patients were evaluated after adjusting for covariates.</p> <p><strong>Results</strong>: Patients with ESKD had similar demographics and educational levels compared to CKD patients. ESKD had significantly higher frequency of vascular disease, cognitive impairment and depression. ESKD patients had better HL scores for the social support domain (37.1% vs 19.5% in higher HLQ4 tertile, p=0.004), whereas all other HL domains including engagement with healthcare providers were comparable to CKD. Depression was independently associated with nearly all of the HL domains (HLQ1: OR 2.6, p=0.030, HLQ2: OR 7.9, p=<0.001, HLQ3: OR 7.6, p<0.001, HLQ4: OR 3.5, p=0.010, HLQ5: OR 8.9, p=0.001, HLQ6: OR 3.9, p=0.002, HLQ7: OR 4.8, p=0.001, HLQ8: OR 5.3, p=0.001) and education with HL domains relevant to processing health related information (HLQ8: OR 2.6, p=0.008, HLQ9: OR 2.5, p=0.006).</p> <p><strong>Conclusions</strong>: Despite very frequent interactions with health systems, ESKD patients on dialysis did not have higher HL in engagement with health providers and most other HL domains, compared to CKD patients. Strategies promoting patient-provider engagement and managing depression which strongly associates with lower HL may address the impact of HL deficits and favourably modify clinical outcomes in renal patients. </p>
Figure 4 from: Yu H-J, Lin X-L, Zhang R-L, Wang Q, Wang X-H (2020) Species delimitation and life stage association of Propsilocerus Kieffer, 1923 (Diptera, Chironomidae) using DNA barcodes. ZooKeys 975: 79-86. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.957.54668
Figure 4 Head capsules of Propsilocerus akamusi (Tokunaga, 1938) and Propsilocerus taihuensis (Wen, Zhou & Rong, 1994) A head capsule of P. akamusi, ventral view B head capsule of P. taihuensis, ventral view C mandible of P. akamusiD mandible of P. taihuensisE antenna of P. akamusiF antenna of P. taihuensisG premento-hypopharyngeal complex of P. taihuensis. Scale bar: 100 µm (A, B), 50 µm (C, D), 25 µm (E, F).
Figure 3 from: Yu H-J, Lin X-L, Zhang R-L, Wang Q, Wang X-H (2020) Species delimitation and life stage association of Propsilocerus Kieffer, 1923 (Diptera, Chironomidae) using DNA barcodes. ZooKeys 975: 79-86. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.957.54668
Figure 3 Neighbor-joining tree based on the 42 COI barcode sequences of Propsilocerus. Bootstrap support (1000 replicates) > 70% are labelled.
Figure 2 from: Yu H-J, Lin X-L, Zhang R-L, Wang Q, Wang X-H (2020) Species delimitation and life stage association of Propsilocerus Kieffer, 1923 (Diptera, Chironomidae) using DNA barcodes. ZooKeys 975: 79-86. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.957.54668
Figure 2 Histogram of pairwise K2P distances of 42 aligned sequences of five Propsilocerus morphospecies. The figure was a result of analysis with ABGD using the K2P model. The horizontal axis shows the pairwise K2P-distance, and the vertical axis shows the number of pairwise sequence comparisons.
Figure 1 from: Zhang K-H, Shi C-F, Chai C-Y, Hui F-L (2020) Mrakia panshiensis sp. nov. a new member of the Cystofilobasidiales from soil in China, and description of the teleomorphic-stage of M. arctica. MycoKeys 74: 75-90. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.74.53433
Figure 1 Phylogram inferred from Maximum likelihood analysis of the concatenated ITS and nuc 28S rDNA dataset of taxa in Mrakia s.s. Mrakia panshiensis strains investigated in this study are highlighted in bold font. Tausonia pullulansCBS 2532T was designated as the outgroup. The tree backbone was constructed by maximum likelihood analysis with MEGA7. Bootstrap percentages of maximum likelihood over 50% from 1000 bootstrap replicates and posterior probabilities of Bayesian inference above 0.9 are shown from left on the branches. The scale bar represents 0.02 substitutions per nucleotide.
Supplementary material 1 from: Zhang K-H, Shi C-F, Chai C-Y, Hui F-L (2020) Mrakia panshiensis sp. nov. a new member of the Cystofilobasidiales from soil in China, and description of the teleomorphic-stage of M. arctica. MycoKeys 74: 75-90. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.74.53433
Figures S1 and S2
Figure 3 from: Zhang K-H, Shi C-F, Chai C-Y, Hui F-L (2020) Mrakia panshiensis sp. nov. a new member of the Cystofilobasidiales from soil in China, and description of the teleomorphic-stage of M. arctica. MycoKeys 74: 75-90. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.74.53433
Figure 3 The teliospore-stage morph of Mrakia arctica (NYNU 18469) A. True hyphae with teliospores terminally and intercalary; B/C/D. Teliospores produced with a bud-like projection. Scale bars: 10 μm.
Figure 2 from: Zhang K-H, Shi C-F, Chai C-Y, Hui F-L (2020) Mrakia panshiensis sp. nov. a new member of the Cystofilobasidiales from soil in China, and description of the teleomorphic-stage of M. arctica. MycoKeys 74: 75-90. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.74.53433
Figure 2 Morphology of Mrakia panshiensis (NYNU 18562T) A budding cells B true hyphae with clamp connections and teliospores C teliospores in pairs D teliospores produced with a bud-like projection. Scale bars: 10 μm.
Biological Data and Carbonate Chemistry used in 'Ocean acidification locks algal communities in a species-poor early successional stage'
<p>Long-term exposure to CO<sub>2</sub>-enriched waters can considerably alter marine biological community development, often resulting in simplified systems dominated by turf algae that possess reduced biodiversity and low ecological complexity. Current understanding of the underlying processes by which ocean acidification alters biological community development and stability remains limited, making the management of such shifts problematic. Here, we deployed recruitment tiles in reference (pH<sub>T</sub> 8.137 ± 0.056 SD) and CO<sub>2</sub>-enriched conditions (pH<sub>T</sub> 7.788 ± 0.105 SD) at a volcanic CO<sub>2</sub> seep in Japan in order to assess the underlying processes and patterns of algal community development. We assessed (i) algal community succession in two different seasons (Cooler months: January–July, and warmer months: July–January), (ii) the effects of initial community composition on subsequent community succession (by reciprocally transplanting pre-established communities for a further six months), and (iii) the community production of the resulting communities, in order to assess how their functioning is altered (following 12 months recruitment). Settlement tiles became dominated by turf algae under CO<sub>2</sub>-enrichment and had lower biomass, diversity and complexity, a pattern consistent across seasons, which locked the community in a species-poor early successional stage. In terms of community functioning, the elevated <em>p</em>CO<sub>2</sub> community exhibited greater net community production, and yet this apparent boost did not result in increased algal community cover, biomass, biodiversity or structural complexity. Taken together, this shows that both new and established communities become simplified with rising CO<sub>2</sub> levels. Our transplant of pre-established communities from enriched-CO<sub>2</sub> to reference conditions demonstrated their high resilience, since they became indistinguishable from communities maintained entirely in reference conditions. This shows that meaningful reductions in <em>p</em>CO<sub>2</sub> will enable the recovery of algal communities. By understanding the ecological processes responsible for driving shifts in community composition, we can better assess how communities are likely to be altered by ocean acidification.</p>
N-P utilization of Acer mono leaves at different life history stages across altitudinal gradients
<p>The relationship between plants and the environment is a core area of research in ecology. Owing to differences in plant sensitivity to the environment at different life history stages, the adaptive strategies of plants are a cumulative result of both their life history and environment. Previous research on plant adaptation strategies has focused on adult plants, neglecting saplings or seedlings, which are more sensitive to the environment and largely affect the growth strategy of subsequent life stages. We compared leaf N and P stoichiometric traits of the seedlings, saplings and adult trees of <i>Acer mono </i>Maxim and different altitudes and found significant linear trends for both life history stages and altitude. Leaf N and P content by unit mass were greatly affected by environmental change, and the leaf N and P content by unit area varied greatly by life history stage.<i> A. mono</i> leaf N-P utilization showed a significant allometric growth trend in all life history stages and at low altitudes. The adult stage had higher N-use efficiency than the seedling stage and exhibited an isometric growth trend at high altitudes. The N-P utilization strategies of <i>A. mono</i> leaves are affected by changing environmental conditions but their response is further dependent upon the life history stage of the plant. Thus, this study provides novel insights into the nutrient use strategies of <i>A. mono</i> and how they respond to the environmental temperature, soil moisture content along altitude and how these changes differ among different life history stages, which further provide the scientific basis for the study of plant nutrient utilization strategy on regional scale.</p>
Data from: Corneal laser procedure for vision improvement in patients with late stage dry age-related macular degeneration
<p><span>Purpose: To determine the safety and efficacy of corneal photovitrification (CPV), a new corneal laser procedure, for vision improvement in patients with late-stage dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD).</span></p> <p><span>Design: Retrospective observational cohort study</span></p> <p><span>Participants: 32 eyes of 17 patients with late-stage dry AMD; each eye received a single CPV corneal laser procedure and had 12 months (12m) post-treatment (Tx) follow-up.</span></p> <p><span>Methods: Pre- and post-Tx examinations included slit-lamp biomicroscopy, subjective manifest refraction, best corrected distance and near visual acuity (BCDVA and BCNVA), and potential visual acuity (PVA). Additional examinations including contrast sensitivity (CS), corneal topography (CT), ray tracing aberrometry (RTA) and microperimetry (MP) were obtained for a subgroup (n=12) of eyes.</span></p> <p><span>Main Outcome Measures: BCDVA, BCNVA, PVA, CS, CT, RTA and MP measurements</span></p> <p><span>Results: Safety - There were no complications or adverse events. Efficacy – Mean (± SD) BCDVA improved significantly (p < 0.004) from 20/238 (1.08 logMAR) at baseline to 20/144 (0.86 logMAR) at 12m post-Tx corresponding to 11.0 (± 13.1) letters gained. Mean contrast sensitivity improved significantly (p < 0.05) by a factor of 1.86 from baseline at 12m post-Tx. </span></p> <p><span>Conclusions: Subject to the limitation of a small sample size, this pilot study indicates that the CPV corneal laser procedure is safe and efficacious for vision improvement in patients with late-stage dry AMD. The CPV Tx mechanism of action involves retinal irradiance distribution modifications that may stimulate patient use of functional, rather than atrophied, retinal regions. </span></p>
Data from: Early Cambrian (stage 4) brachiopods from the Shipai Formation in the Three Gorges area of South China
<p>Diverse and abundant fossil taxa have been described in the lower Cambrian Shipai Formation in the Three Gorges area of Hubei province, South China, but the diversity of the co-occurring brachiopod fauna and their taxonomy is still far from clear. Here we describe the brachiopod fauna recovered from the Shipai Formation in the Three Gorges area of South China, including representatives of the subphylum Linguliformea: linguloids(<i>Lingulellotreta ergalievi</i>, <i>Eoobolus</i> <i>malongensis</i> and Neobolidae gen. indet. sp. indet.), and an acrotretoid (<i>Linnarssonia sapushanensis</i>); and representatives from the subphylum Rhynchonelliformea: the calcareous-shelled Kutorginates (<i>Kutorgina</i> <i>sinensis</i>, <i>Kutorgina </i>sp., <i>Nisusia</i> <i>liantuoensis</i>). This brachiopod assemblage and the first occurrence of <i>Linnarssonia sapushanensis</i> shell beds permits correlation of the Shipai Formation in the Three Gorges area of Hubei province with the Stage 4 Wulongqing Formation in the Wuding area of eastern Yunnan. This correlation is further strengthened by the first appearance datum (FAD) of the rhynchonelliform brachiopod <i>Nisusia</i> in the upper silty mudstone of both the Shipai and Wulongqing formations. The new well-preserved material, derived from siliciclastic rocks, also gives critical new insights into the fine shell structure of <i>L. sapushanensis</i>. Microstructural studies on micromorphic acrotretoids (like <i>Linnarssonia</i>) have previously been restricted to fossils acid etched from limestones. This is the first study to carry out detailed comparative ultrastructural studies on acrotretoid shells preserved in siliciclastic rocks. This work reveals a hollow tube and solid column microstructure in the acrotretoid shells from the Shipai Formation, which are likely to be equivalent of traditional column and central canal observed in shells dissolved from limestones.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.