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11,506 results for “Dynamics”
Agent‐based modeling of the effects of forest dynamics, selective logging, and fragment size on epiphyte communities
<p>Forest canopies play a crucial role in structuring communities of vascular epiphytes by providing substrate for colonization, by locally varying microclimate, and by causing epiphyte mortality due to branch or tree fall. However, as field studies in the three-dimensional habitat of epiphytes are generally challenging, our understanding of how forest structure and dynamics influence the structure and dynamics of epiphyte communities is scarce. Mechanistic models can improve our understanding of epiphyte community dynamics. We present such a model that couples dispersal, growth, and mortality of individual epiphytes with substrate dynamics, obtained from a three-dimensional functional-structural forest model, allowing the study of forest-epiphyte interactions. After validating the epiphyte model with independent field data, we performed several theoretical simulation experiments to assess how (1) differences in natural forest dynamics, (2) selective logging, and (3) forest fragmentation could influence the long-term dynamics of epiphyte communities. The proportion of arboreal substrate occupied by epiphytes (i.e. saturation level) was tightly linked with forest dynamics and increased with decreasing forest turnover rates. While species richness was, in general, negatively correlated with forest turnover rates, low species numbers in forests with very low turnover rates were due to competitive exclusion when epiphyte communities became saturated. Logging had a negative impact on epiphyte communities, potentially leading to a near-complete extirpation of epiphytes when the simulated target diameters fell below a threshold. Fragment size had no effect on epiphyte abundance and saturation level but correlated positively with species numbers. Synthesis: The presented model is a first step towards studying the dynamic forest-epiphyte interactions in an agent-based modelling framework. Our study suggests forest dynamics as key factor in controlling epiphyte communities. Thus, both natural and human-induced changes in forest dynamics, e.g. increased mortality rates or the loss of large trees, pose challenges for epiphyte conservation.</p>
Data from: Dynamics of bird assemblages in response to temporally and spatially variable resources in arid Australia
<p>Bird assemblages in arid Australia are often characterised as being highly variable through time in response to boom and bust dynamics, although the importance of habitat in structuring assemblages at a local scale is also recognised. We use a novel approach to investigate the importance of rainfall variability in structuring bird assemblages in a resource-limited environment. Monthly bird surveys were conducted at ten plots for eight years at a botanical and zoological park in central Australia, including five irrigated plots within a fenced area and five natural plots outside. Irrigation – used to promote growth, flowering, and fruiting of plants – created an artificial resource-enhanced environment against which the response of birds to natural fluctuations in season and rainfall were compared. Species richness was generally maintained at a higher level in resource-enhanced plots during dry times but was higher in natural sites when rainfall was high, mainly due to increases in granivores and insectivores. Honeyeaters were consistently more abundant at irrigated sites. Rainfall was important in structuring bird assemblages at all plots; however, assemblages were more stable in irrigated plots and did not respond as dramatically to a period of very high rainfall. The comparative smoothing of fluctuations in the composition and abundance of birds in irrigated areas highlights the importance of primary productivity, normally tied to rainfall, in driving temporal change in arid-zone bird communities. There was also evidence that different plots in differing habitats supported distinct bird assemblages and that this spatial distinctiveness persisted irrespective of rainfall and determined, to some extent, the response to rainfall. Our study is one of few long-term studies of arid bird assemblages and highlights the importance of both long-term cycles of productivity driven by rain and season as well as site differences in the dynamics of arid zone bird communities. These insights are particularly valuable as climate change further exacerbates rainfall variability worldwide and initiatives to conserve avifauna in increasingly extreme environments may be required.</p>
The effects of caregiver's burden on dynamic structure in disorder of consciousness families: An observational study
<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Disorder of consciousness is a clinical condition due to severe brain damage. The impact of consciousness disorder on the family is characterized by a combination of biopsychosocial factors. The burden and suffering perceived by caregivers can cause psychological distress characterized by anxiety, depression, and physical illness. The aim of the study was to investigate the interaction between family dynamics and caregiver burden.</p> <p><strong>Methods: </strong>We enlisted 35 caregivers of subjects in a minimally conscious state. Two skilled psychologists administered the Olson's Adaptability and Family Cohesion Assessment Scale and the Novak's Burden Inventory Caregiver Scale to assess family function and family burden, respectively.</p> <p><strong>Results: </strong>We found that the caregiver burden correlates with the family adaptability and cohesion, as well as with enmeshment, rigidity, and disengagement.</p> <p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Findings suggest that the traumatic event does not affect the family structure. Families are able to maintain a balanced functioning and control distress.</p> <p> </p>
FIGURE 36 in Global Nepticulidae, Opostegidae, and Tischeriidae (Lepidoptera): temporal dynamics of species descriptions and their authors
FIGURE 36. Dynamics of Tischeriidae species descriptions during various time periods
FIGURE 47 in Global Nepticulidae, Opostegidae, and Tischeriidae (Lepidoptera): temporal dynamics of species descriptions and their authors
FIGURE 47. Authors or groups of authors associated with Tischeriidae species descriptions globally
Biophysical characterization of calcium-binding and modulatory-domain dynamics in a pentameric ligand-gated ion channel
<p><strong>Molecular dynamics simulations</strong></p> <p>Trajectories and related files.</p>
Lean mass dynamics in hibernating bats and implications for energy and water budgets
<p>Hibernation requires balancing energy and water demands over several months with no food intake for many species. Many studies have considered the importance of fat for hibernation energy budgets because it is energy dense and can be stored in large quantities. However, protein catabolism in hibernation has received less attention and whole animal changes in lean mass have not previously been considered. We used quantitative magnetic resonance body composition analysis to measure fat and lean mass in two systems of hibernating bats, emphasizing the importance of lean mass for energy and water budgets. For cave myotis ( Myotis velifer ), lean mass represented 38 and 25% (male and female respectively) of pre-hibernation mass gain. In Townsend's big-eared bats ( Corynorhinus townsendii ), lean mass accounted for 18 – 35% of mass change during hibernation, but lean only contributed 3 – 7% of the energy budget. Water is produced from the catabolism of both fat and lean, but net water production is much less than gross water production when accounting for the water required to excrete urea. Although most mammals can't rely on protein catabolism for metabolic water production due to the water cost of excreting urea, we propose a variation on the protein-for-water strategy whereby hibernators could temporally compartmentalize the benefits of protein catabolism to periods of torpor, and the water cost to periodic arousals when free drinking water is typically available. Combined, our analyses demonstrate that lean mass is dynamic in hibernation, with important functional consequences for both energy and water budgets. </p>
Data from: Anderson lab experiments from synthesizing the effects of spatial network structure on predator prey dynamics
<p>Predator-prey persistence is thought to be enhanced by spatial heterogeneity. Theory predicts that metacommunity size, spatial connectivity, network synchrony, predator identity, and productivity influence predator-prey persistence, through a variety of mechanisms such as statistical stabilization, colonization-extinction dynamics, and trophic interactions. However, comparative tests and synthesis of the multiple factors and mechanisms across different spatial networks are needed to understand which factors and mechanisms of spatial network structure promote predator-prey persistence. To address this gap between theory and empirical work, we synthesized data from 22 microcosm experiments of protist predator-prey communities differing the productivity, connectivity, and size of spatial habitat structure. Prey time to extinction was better explained by productivity and spatial factors than predator time to extinction. At the local and regional scale, metacommunity size and productivity had positive effects on prey occupancy, whereas connectivity negatively influenced prey occupancy. For predators, metacommunity size and connectivity had positive effects on predator occupancy, network synchrony had negative influences, and productivity showed a hump-shaped relationship with predator occupancy. Further, trophic interactions drove variation in the way species were spatially structured, where the strength and direction of predator and prey occupancy relationships varied among productivity levels and predator-prey combinations. In predator-prey interactions that were stronger, prey occupancy showed negative relationship with predator occupancy regardless of productivity. However, in predator-prey interactions that were weaker, prey occupancy was positively related to predator occupancy at low productivity, and this relationship disappeared at higher productivity treatments where prey occupancy was high regardless of predator occupancy. Predictions from metapopulation theory explained predator occupancy, while prey were better explained by trophic dynamics. Taken together, these results highlight that spatial network structure has a complex, spatially contingent relationship with predator-prey dynamics.</p>
Datasets for "The dynamic evolution of back-arc basins affected by double subduction"
<p>Data packs for numerical model results and codes to visualize the data</p> <p> </p>
Dynamics Information Mapped In The Evaluation Framework
<p>Dynamics Information Mapped In The Evaluation Framework.</p>
Data and climate variable selection from: Effects of density, species interactions and environmental stochasticity on the dynamics of British bird communities
<p>Our knowledge of the factors affecting species abundances is mainly based on time-series analyses of a few well-studied species at single or few localities, but we know little about whether results from such analyses can be extrapolated to the community level. We apply a Joint Species Distribution Model to long-term time-series data on British bird communities to examine the relative contribution of intra- and interspecific density dependence at different spatial scales, as well as the influence of environmental stochasticity, to spatio-temporal interspecific variation in abundance. Intraspecific density dependence has the major structuring effect on these bird communities. In addition, environmental fluctuations affect spatiotemporal differences in abundance. In contrast, species interactions had a minor impact on variation in abundance. Thus, important drivers of single-species dynamics are also strongly affecting dynamics of communities in time and space.</p>
Supplementary material 1 from: Sogawa S, Tsuchiya K, Nagai S, Shimode S, Kuwahara VS (2022) Annual dynamics of eukaryotic and bacterial communities revealed by 18S and 16S rRNA metabarcoding in the coastal ecosystem of Sagami Bay, Japan. Metabarcoding and Metagenomics 6: e78181. https://doi.org/10.3897/mbmg.6.78181
Figures S1–S8
Dynamic flow on monitor during normal saline flushed
<p>Dynamic flow on monitor during normal saline flushed</p>
Figure 7 from: Shoman ME, Abd El-Hafeez AA, Khobrani M, Assiri AA, Al Thagfan SS, Othman EM, Ibrahim ARN (2022) Molecular docking and dynamic simulations study for repurposing of multitarget coumarins against SARS-CoV-2 main protease, papain-like protease and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. Pharmacia 69(1): 211-226. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.69.e77021
Figure 7 2D poses of (A) Mesuol; (B) Isomesuol; (C) suksdorphin; (D) Calanolide; docked into the active site of SARS-CoV-2 main protease (PDB: 5rh4).
Figure 6 from: Shoman ME, Abd El-Hafeez AA, Khobrani M, Assiri AA, Al Thagfan SS, Othman EM, Ibrahim ARN (2022) Molecular docking and dynamic simulations study for repurposing of multitarget coumarins against SARS-CoV-2 main protease, papain-like protease and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. Pharmacia 69(1): 211-226. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.69.e77021
Figure 6 (A) surface map (B) 2D poses showing ligand interactions of Coumermycin docked into the active site of SARS-CoV-2 main protease (PDB: 5rh4).
Figure 12 from: Shoman ME, Abd El-Hafeez AA, Khobrani M, Assiri AA, Al Thagfan SS, Othman EM, Ibrahim ARN (2022) Molecular docking and dynamic simulations study for repurposing of multitarget coumarins against SARS-CoV-2 main protease, papain-like protease and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. Pharmacia 69(1): 211-226. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.69.e77021
Figure 12 The time frame of evolution against the radius of gyration (Rg) of Coumermycin complexes with SARS-CoV-2 (A) Mpro (B) PLpro (C) RdRp, during 50 ns MD simulation.
Figure 11 from: Shoman ME, Abd El-Hafeez AA, Khobrani M, Assiri AA, Al Thagfan SS, Othman EM, Ibrahim ARN (2022) Molecular docking and dynamic simulations study for repurposing of multitarget coumarins against SARS-CoV-2 main protease, papain-like protease and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. Pharmacia 69(1): 211-226. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.69.e77021
Figure 11 The RMSF plot of Coumermycin complex with SARS-CoV-2 (A) Mpro (B) PLpro (C) RdRp, at 50 ns simulation.
Figure 5 from: Shoman ME, Abd El-Hafeez AA, Khobrani M, Assiri AA, Al Thagfan SS, Othman EM, Ibrahim ARN (2022) Molecular docking and dynamic simulations study for repurposing of multitarget coumarins against SARS-CoV-2 main protease, papain-like protease and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. Pharmacia 69(1): 211-226. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.69.e77021
Figure 5 2D poses of (A) Novobiocin; (C) Clorobiocin; (B) hydroxychloroquine; (D) N3; docked into the active site of SARS-CoV-2 main protease.
Figure 9 from: Shoman ME, Abd El-Hafeez AA, Khobrani M, Assiri AA, Al Thagfan SS, Othman EM, Ibrahim ARN (2022) Molecular docking and dynamic simulations study for repurposing of multitarget coumarins against SARS-CoV-2 main protease, papain-like protease and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. Pharmacia 69(1): 211-226. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.69.e77021
Figure 9 (A) surface map (B) 2D poses showing ligand interactions of Coumermycin; docked into the active site of SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (PDB: 7bv2).
Figure 4 from: Shoman ME, Abd El-Hafeez AA, Khobrani M, Assiri AA, Al Thagfan SS, Othman EM, Ibrahim ARN (2022) Molecular docking and dynamic simulations study for repurposing of multitarget coumarins against SARS-CoV-2 main protease, papain-like protease and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. Pharmacia 69(1): 211-226. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.69.e77021
Figure 4 (A) Structure of standard inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 main protease, N3, (B) 2D pose for the interaction of hydroxychloroquine into the active site of SARS-Cov-2 main protease enzyme.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.