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FIGURE 14. Abyssoecia elevata n. gen., n in Bryozoa (Cyclostomata and Ctenostomata) from polymetallic nodules in the Russian exploration area, Clarion - Clipperton Fracture Zone, eastern Pacific Ocean-taxon novelty and implications of mining

FIGURE 14. Abyssoecia elevata n. gen., n. sp. A–E, paratype 3, ZIRAS 4/50706; F, specimen YMG4–06, Stn 106; G, J, specimen YMG4–13, Stn 302; H, I, N, specimen YMG4–07, Stn 129; K, specimen GLD4–09, Stn 191; L, M, specimen YMG4–04, Stn 44. A, gonozooid at upper left of image with projecting ooeciostome; B, D, distal and distolateral views of gonozooid; C, E, frontal and distal views of ooeciostome with subcircular ooeciopore; F–H, distolateral (F) and distal views of colony margin with developing zooids; I–K, frontal views of short autozooidal peristomes; L–N, ancestrular region of two colonies. Scale bars: A, 500 µm; B, D, F–J, L–N, 200 µm; C, E, 100 µm; K, 50 µm.

FIGURE 5. Pandanipora helix n. gen., n in Bryozoa (Cyclostomata and Ctenostomata) from polymetallic nodules in the Russian exploration area, Clarion - Clipperton Fracture Zone, eastern Pacific Ocean-taxon novelty and implications of mining

FIGURE 5. Pandanipora helix n. gen., n. sp. A, K, specimen YMG4–13, Stn 289; B, C, specimen YMG4–13, Stn 308; D, specimen YMG4–07, Stn 143; E, specimen GLD4–11, Stn 219; F, specimen YMG4–14, Stn 330; G–I, specimen YMG4–14, Stn 326; J, specimen GLD4–12, Stn 258; L, specimen YMG4–13, Stn 321. A–D, F, prop morphology: A, vertical and oblique columnar props attached to nodule by expanded tips; B, curved props attached to nodule irregularities by expanded tips with complex outlines; C, same, close-up; D, single elongated prop from its inception in the zooid basal wall to its distal expansion; E, light micrograph of colony showing successively overlapping zooids with their coelomic cavities continuing into the props with no intervening septum or pore, as well as 2–5 brown bodies located centrally to proximally in several zooids; F, prop tip showing opening towards substratum and internal surface with wedge-shaped crystallites, structurally analogous to peristome; G–I, ancestrula and daughter zooid budded from peristome; J–L, ancestrula and postancestrular zooids. Scale bars: A, B, E, 500 µm; C, D, J–L, 250 µm; F, 50 µm; G–I, 100 µm.

FIGURE 7. Orectopora flabellum n. gen., n in Bryozoa (Cyclostomata and Ctenostomata) from polymetallic nodules in the Russian exploration area, Clarion - Clipperton Fracture Zone, eastern Pacific Ocean-taxon novelty and implications of mining

FIGURE 7. Orectopora flabellum n. gen., n. sp. Details of colony morphology. A, B, E, H, holotype colony; C, D, F, G, I, J, specimen GLD4–08, Stn 151. A, B, E, apical, oblique-abfrontal and abfrontal views, respectively, of middle lobe (fascicle) in Fig. 7E, showing apparent roof forming in axil between what will become two fascicle lobes; note relatively large pseudopores in neanic calcification of abfrontal wall in B and E; C, F, two views of a small fascicle showing autozooidal apertures adjacent to concave frontal face of lobe (on right), between which are larger developing chambers (either autozooidal or reproductive), and, along convex abfrontal face (on left), a row of mostly kenozoidal openings (and perhaps some incipient autozooid buds); D, G, J, magnified sequence of images showing the largest developing chamber in C and F, and ultrastructural wall fabric; H, reversed (frontal) view of fascicle tip in E; I, frontal view of chamber in D, G, J. Scale bars: A, B, E, H, 200 µm; C, F, 150 µm; D, I, 50 µm; G, J, 20 µm.

FIGURE 3. Pandanipora helix n. gen., n in Bryozoa (Cyclostomata and Ctenostomata) from polymetallic nodules in the Russian exploration area, Clarion - Clipperton Fracture Zone, eastern Pacific Ocean-taxon novelty and implications of mining

FIGURE 3. Pandanipora helix n. gen., n. sp. Holotype and paratype colonies. A, C, holotype, ZIRAS 1/50667; B, paratype 1, ZIRAS 2/50668; D, paratype 2, ZIRAS 3/50669; E, paratype 3, ZIRAS 4/50670; F, paratype 4, ZIRAS 5/50671; G, paratype 5, ZIRAS 6/50672. A, apical, and C, lateral views of the spiral holotype colony with widened apical part of axis of zooids with mostly broken, shortened peristomes and supported by rare, distanced, elongated tubular props; B, ring-like colony showing attenuated zooids with elongated, gently arcuate tubular peristomes tilted outwards, and supported by strongly elongated, slightly crooked filiform props; note one prop at lower left bifurcated near termination; D, crescentic colony showing zooids with elongated, arcuate tubular peristomes angled outwards, and supported by shortened straight props; E, colony bifurcated near point of origin showing linear chain of zooids with straight peristomes; supported by short props, some with widened terminations; F, arcuate colony with thicker zooids having widened tubular peristomes, supported by gradually shortening props; G, straight colony with greatly elongated peristomes, supported by regular series of props with expanded terminal bases, including four attached to piece of nodule. Scale bars: 500 µm.

FIGURE 6. Orectopora flabellum n. gen., n in Bryozoa (Cyclostomata and Ctenostomata) from polymetallic nodules in the Russian exploration area, Clarion - Clipperton Fracture Zone, eastern Pacific Ocean-taxon novelty and implications of mining

FIGURE 6. Orectopora flabellum n. gen., n. sp. Holotype, ZIRAS 1/50673. A, C, E, colony respectively seen in frontal, abfrontal and apical views; B, frontal view of left-hand lobe (fascicle) in A; D, oblique abfrontal view of right-hand lobe (fascicle) in C; F, base of broken colony stalk. Scale bars: A, C, E, 500 µm; B, D, 250 µm; F, 150 µm.

FIGURE 5 in Description of Euroleuctra gen. nov., a new fossil genus of Leuctridae (Insecta: Plecoptera) in Eocene Baltic amber

FIGURE 5. Euroleuctra gillesi, gen. et sp. nov. Photograph and reconstruction of terminalia, dorsal view

FIGURE 4 in Description of Euroleuctra gen. nov., a new fossil genus of Leuctridae (Insecta: Plecoptera) in Eocene Baltic amber

FIGURE 4. Euroleuctra gillesi, gen. et sp. nov. Left forewing, dorsal view; anterior margin not visible

FIGURE 6 in Description of Euroleuctra gen. nov., a new fossil genus of Leuctridae (Insecta: Plecoptera) in Eocene Baltic amber

FIGURE 6. Euroleuctra gillesi, gen. et sp. nov. Photograph and reconstruction of terminalia, ventral view

FIGURE 1–3 in Description of Euroleuctra gen. nov., a new fossil genus of Leuctridae (Insecta: Plecoptera) in Eocene Baltic amber

FIGURE 1–3. Euroleuctra gillesi, gen. et sp. nov. 1. Adult habitus, dorsal view; pronotum marked with white dashed line. 2. Adult habitus, ventral view. 3. Apical segments of left foreleg

FIGURE 23 in Gatesina colombiana n. gen. & n. sp. (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea, Eurytomidae), new Rileyinae associated with Myrcianthes (Myrtaceae) from Colombia

FIGURE 23. Phylogram of mitochondrial COI gene obtained from Bayesian Inference analyses. Matrix used consisted of 62 taxa and 2 outgroups (Glyphomerus stigma), including the possible hosts of Gatesina colombiana (Sycophila n. sp. and Eurytoma n. sp.). Nodal support calculated by posterior probability.

FIGURES 13–22. Gatesina colombiana. 13 in Gatesina colombiana n. gen. & n. sp. (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea, Eurytomidae), new Rileyinae associated with Myrcianthes (Myrtaceae) from Colombia

FIGURES 13–22. Gatesina colombiana. 13: mesosoma, mesepimeral-metapleural junction (female); 14, 15: propodeum, posterior view (14, female; 15, male); 17, 18: metasoma (17, female; 18, male); 19, 20: female, coloration and wing venation (19, lateral view; 20, dorsal view); 21, 22: male, coloration and wing venation (21, lateral view; 22, dorsal view).

FIGURES 1–12. Gatesina colombiana. 1, 2 in Gatesina colombiana n. gen. & n. sp. (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea, Eurytomidae), new Rileyinae associated with Myrcianthes (Myrtaceae) from Colombia

FIGURES 1–12. Gatesina colombiana. 1, 2: head, frontal view (1, female; 2, male); 3: clypeus detail (female); 4, 5: head, posterior view (4, female; 5, male); 6–8: antennae (6, female; 7, female scape; 8, male scape and pedicel); 9–12: female mesosoma (9, dorsal view; 10, ventral view; 11, lateral view; 12, epicnemium in frontal view).

FIGURE 25 in Gatesina colombiana n. gen. & n. sp. (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea, Eurytomidae), new Rileyinae associated with Myrcianthes (Myrtaceae) from Colombia

FIGURE 25. Cladogram using Gates (2008) modified morphological matrix for Rileyinae species and setting Heimbra opaca (Heimbrinae) as outgroup. Trees obtained using Maximum Parsimony methods and Implied Weighting with k = 3. Resulting tree had 70 steps and fit of 2.70. Nodal support calculated by bootstrapping (left) and symmetric resampling (right), only support values over 50% are shown.

FIGURE 24 in Gatesina colombiana n. gen. & n. sp. (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea, Eurytomidae), new Rileyinae associated with Myrcianthes (Myrtaceae) from Colombia

FIGURE 24. Cladogram using Lotfalizadeh et al. (2007) modified morphological matrix for Rileyinae (red), Heimbrinae (orange) and some Eurytominae species (blue) including the possible hosts of Gatesina colombiana (Sycophila n. sp. and Eurytoma n. sp.). One Chalcididae (green) outgroup appearing in the middle of the tree is also marked. Trees obtained using Maximum Parsimony methods and Implied Weighting with k = 5. Resulting tree had 626 steps and fit of 41.842. Nodal support calculated by bootstrapping (up) and symmetric resampling (down); only support values over 50% are shown.

FIGURE 3. Arraia nelmae n. gen. A in Brasilisia n. gen. and Arraia n. gen., two new genera of Ocnerodrilidae (Annelida, Clitellata, Oligochaeta) from Eastern Amazonia, Brazil

FIGURE 3. Arraia nelmae n. gen. A. Ventral view of anterior body, with clitellar region. B. Genital seta of a line of segment XVI. C. Dorsal view of left calciferous gland of IX. D. Transversal cut of left calciferous gland of IX. E. Dorsal view of left post-clitellar nephridium. G. Dorsal view of right spermatheca of IX.

FIGURE 2. Brasilisia punki n. gen. A in Brasilisia n. gen. and Arraia n. gen., two new genera of Ocnerodrilidae (Annelida, Clitellata, Oligochaeta) from Eastern Amazonia, Brazil

FIGURE 2. Brasilisia punki n. gen. A. Ventral view of anterior body, with clitellar region. B. Post clitellar seta of a line of XXXV. C. Genital seta of b line of segment XVI. D. Dorsal view of left calciferous gland of IX. E. Dorsal view of left post clitellar nephridium. F. Dorsal view of left spermatheca of IX. sa = follicle of setae a, sb = follicles of setae b.

FIGURE 31 in New species of Dugdaleiella, gen. nov., Kozloviella, gen. nov., and Pfitzneriella Viette from upper elevation Andes of Ecuador and Peru (Lepidoptera: Hepialidae)

FIGURE 31. Conceptual model for divergence of the Kozloviella-Pfitzneriella clade. 31a, original Mesozoic lowland ancestor; 31b initial divergence of upland ancestor of Kozloviella-Pfitzneriella through pre-Andean uplift by the late Cretaceous, divergence possibly also influenced by development of inland seas; 31c, divergence of extant species resulting from uplift of mountain chains of modern Andes in the Cenozoic.

FIGURE 30 in New species of Dugdaleiella, gen. nov., Kozloviella, gen. nov., and Pfitzneriella Viette from upper elevation Andes of Ecuador and Peru (Lepidoptera: Hepialidae)

FIGURE 30. Phylogenetic relationships with the Kozloviella-Pfitzneriella clade as suggested by distribution of shared derived character states. See text for key to character state numbers. Dugdaleiella placed outside the Kozloviella-Pfitzneriella clade but its sister group relationship unresolved.

FIGURES 27–29. Distribution. 27, Dugdaleiella gen. n., Kozloviella gen. n in New species of Dugdaleiella, gen. nov., Kozloviella, gen. nov., and Pfitzneriella Viette from upper elevation Andes of Ecuador and Peru (Lepidoptera: Hepialidae)

FIGURES 27–29. Distribution. 27, Dugdaleiella gen. n., Kozloviella gen. n., and Pfitzneriella locality records. 27a, Ecuador and Peru. Tectonic boundaries approximate; 27b, Dugdaleiella gen. n. and P. lucicola in Ecuador. 28, Locality records of Peruvian Pfitzneriella in relation to eastern Andean montane forests (modified from Young & León (2000) with permission by Kenneth Young). 29, Principal groups of Hepialidae in Central and South America. Phassus/Schausiana/Phthius (solid line), cibyrine genera of Hepialidae (dotted line), Dugdaleiella gen. n./Kozloviella gen. n./Pfitzneriella (pale green), Uiridigigas (red), and southern Andean genera (blue).

FIGURES 12–14. 12 in New species of Dugdaleiella, gen. nov., Kozloviella, gen. nov., and Pfitzneriella Viette from upper elevation Andes of Ecuador and Peru (Lepidoptera: Hepialidae)

FIGURES 12–14. 12, Antenna. Pfitzneriella rawlinsi sp. n. (unscaled). 13, Legs. 13a, Kozloviella viazmenskyi sp. n.; 13b, P. olafi sp. n.; 13c, P. rawlinsi sp. n.; 13d, P. titarenkoi sp. n.; 13e, P. yuliyakovalevae sp. n. 14, Metatibia. 14a, P. antonkozlovi sp. n.; 14b, P. rawlinsi sp. n.; 14c, P. titarenkoi; 14d, P. yuliyakovalevae sp. n.; 14e, P. antonkozlovi sp. n.; 14f, Dugdaleiella monticola. Photos: John Grehan (Figs 12, 14e, 14f), Carlos Mielke (Figs 13,14a–d). Scale 1 mm.