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617 results for “Early Jurassic”
Figure 1 in A revision of the early neotheropod genus Sarcosaurus from the Early Jurassic (Hettangian-Sinemurian) of central England
Figure 1. Map showing the geographic occurrences of the holotype of Sarcosaurus woodi (Barrow upon Soar) and referred specimens (Wilmcote) indicated with stars. The outcrop of the Lias Group is shown in grey.
Figure 8 in A revision of the early neotheropod genus Sarcosaurus from the Early Jurassic (Hettangian-Sinemurian) of central England
Figure 8. Left femur of referred specimen of Sarcosaurus woodi, WARMS G681, in posterior (A), medial (B), anterior (C) and lateral (D) views. Arrows point towards anterior direction. Abbreviations: atr, anterior trochanter; cfl, depression associated with the insertion of the M. caudofemoralis longus; dltr, dorsolateral trochanter; ft, fourth trochanter; ife, insertion scar of the M. iliofemoralis externus; ri, ridge.
Figure 12 in A revision of the early neotheropod genus Sarcosaurus from the Early Jurassic (Hettangian-Sinemurian) of central England
Figure 12. Fibula of referred specimen of Sarcosaurus woodi, WARMS G669 (A−C) and G674 (D, E). Proximal end of left fibula in lateral (A), medial (B) and proximal (C) views. Distal portion of fibula from indeterminate side in lateral/medial views (D, E). Arrows point towards anterior direction. Abbreviations: gr, groove; rug, rugosity.
Figure 41 in Scelidosaurus harrisonii (Dinosauria: Ornithischia) from the Early Jurassic of Dorset, England: biology and phylogenetic relationships
Figure 41. Cladogram manipulation using MacClade. In this example Scutellosaurus* has been positioned as the proximate sister-taxon to the clade Thyreophora. Tree length is calculated to be 229 steps, which is three steps longer than the most parsimonious trees obtained by the analysis of this dataset. The re-positioning of Scutellosaurus, if it could be supported by additional data, might justify a redefinition of the taxon Thyreophoroidea, as indicated on this branch. Note: an additional adjustment, which involves a single step increase (230 steps), positions Jinyunpelta (albeit tentatively =?) as a basal ankylosaurid on the basis of its possession of a tail club (in conformity with Coombs, 1978a).
Figure 38 in Scelidosaurus harrisonii (Dinosauria: Ornithischia) from the Early Jurassic of Dorset, England: biology and phylogenetic relationships
Figure 38. Early (non-numerical) cladistics-based attempt to establish a topology for armoured (thyreophoran) dinosaurs within the clade Ornithischia. This topology is derived from Sereno (1986: fig. 3).
Figure 17 in Scelidosaurus harrisonii (Dinosauria: Ornithischia) from the Early Jurassic of Dorset, England: biology and phylogenetic relationships
Figure 17. Scelidosaurus. Occlusal views of maxillary and dentary dentitions. A, separated dentitions. B, alignment of dentitions during occlusion – the bowing of each dentition match to permit orthal pulping or intermittent tooth-tooth occlusion. C, malocclusion modelled by the propalinal displacement of the dentary, creating a zone where the dentitions cross over (starred). D, two modes of jaw closure: Di, represents the non-occlusal orthal pulping of vegetation; Dii shows high-angle occlusion between opposing crowns that creates shear to cut vegetable fibres and generates steep wear facets on adjacent crown surfaces. Both modes of occlusion occur at intervals along the dentitions. Abbreviations: Dent, dentary dentition; Max, maxillary dentition; Malocc, malocclusion created by propalinal displacement of the dentary; Occ, normal occlusal relationship of the dentitions. Arrows indicate direction of movement. Starred symbol indicates region where dentitions cross, creating the potential for damage to the teeth caught in opposition.
Figure 24. A in Scelidosaurus harrisonii (Dinosauria: Ornithischia) from the Early Jurassic of Dorset, England: biology and phylogenetic relationships
Figure 24. A simplified phylogeny of dinosaurs (after Baron et al., 2017b). Note that gastralia are lost independently in sauropods and ornithischians but retained in all other clades [being also lost independently in the derived, powered flight-capable, Theropoda (= birds)].
Figure 34 in Scelidosaurus harrisonii (Dinosauria: Ornithischia) from the Early Jurassic of Dorset, England: biology and phylogenetic relationships
Figure 34. Scelidosaurus cf. harrisonii. Femur (NHMUK OR41322) crushed proximally, but showing a welldeveloped 4th trochanter that is secondarily thickened by the addition of a layer of metaplastic bone over its surface. The metaplastic bone derives from calcification of the caudifemoral tendons where they attach to the trochanter. Abbreviations: 4tr, 4th trochanter; fc, fibular condyle; mpb, metaplastic bone; tc, tibial condyle. Scale bar in centimetres.
Figure 40. A in Scelidosaurus harrisonii (Dinosauria: Ornithischia) from the Early Jurassic of Dorset, England: biology and phylogenetic relationships
Figure 40. A bootstrap analysis (Heuristic) of the dataset using 10 000 replicates. Bootstrap support percentages are indicated on individual branches.
Figure 20. Scelidosaurus. A in Scelidosaurus harrisonii (Dinosauria: Ornithischia) from the Early Jurassic of Dorset, England: biology and phylogenetic relationships
Figure 20. Scelidosaurus. A reconstruction of the head-neck and shoulder girdle based on Norman (2020a, b). Highlighting the m. cucullaris (= m. sternocleidomastoideus) muscle that has been hypothesized to be associated with the presence of epistyloid bones. Abbreviations: Cor, coracoid; Sca, scapula.
Figure 39 in Scelidosaurus harrisonii (Dinosauria: Ornithischia) from the Early Jurassic of Dorset, England: biology and phylogenetic relationships
Figure 39. Strict consensus tree based on the ten equally most parsimonious trees (MPTs) generated by the new analysis. The lack of resolution lies in the topographic ambiguity of Kunbarrasaurus, Jinyunpelta and that of the four nodosaurid taxa. Overall, the topology supports many aspects of previously published cladograms. However, and controversially, Scutellosaurus, Emausaurus and Scelidosaurus are positioned as successive outgroups on the branch leading to Ankylosauria. Convention places these taxa on the branch leading to Thyreophora. Kunbarrasaurus may well prove to be a stem ankylosaur once it has been fully described; furthermore, Jinyunpelta is positioned as a basal ankylosaurian. However, Zheng et al. (2018) propose that it is an ankylosaurine ankylosaur (despite the lack of resolution in their strict consensus tree) (see also Fig. 41). Numerical decay indices (Bremer support) for the individual clades are indicated in italics adjacent to the relevant branches.
Figure 35 in Scelidosaurus harrisonii (Dinosauria: Ornithischia) from the Early Jurassic of Dorset, England: biology and phylogenetic relationships
Figure 35. Scelidosaurus. Femur and hindlimb motion examined. The principal lines of action of retractor muscles and their influence upon the femur and hindlimb poses have been reconstructed as a series of cartoons. A, dorsal view of the femur in 'neutral' pose with lines of action of main muscles: note in particular the lateral or medial attachment of these muscles on the femoral shaft. B, vertical pose of the femur with an indication of the posteromedial lines of action of the powerful limb retractors (cfb/l, m. caudifemoralis; add, m. adductor). C, cross-section through the femoral shaft at the level of the 4th trochanter showing the torsion inducing lines of action of the principal protractors (pifi, ist) and retractors (if, cfb, cfl). D, mechanical influence on hindlimb protraction resulting from the breadth of the gut. E, oblique-to-parasagittal hindlimb excursion during the protraction-retraction cycle.
Figure 43 in Scelidosaurus harrisonii (Dinosauria: Ornithischia) from the Early Jurassic of Dorset, England: biology and phylogenetic relationships
Figure 43. Charmouth in the Sinemurian (c.193 Mya). A reconstruction of the environmental conditions (a river in spate) that might have led to the accumulation of a variety of carcasses of Scelidosaurus in nearby near-shore sediments. The skeletons were buried in coarser fluvial sediments that, over time, became diagenetically altered into a limestone bed within the cliff of Blue Lias exposed on Black Ven. Illustration by John Sibbick, who retains the copyright to this image.
Figure 31 in Scelidosaurus harrisonii (Dinosauria: Ornithischia) from the Early Jurassic of Dorset, England: biology and phylogenetic relationships
Figure 31. Pelvic reconstructions in left lateral view. A, Scelidosaurus (after Norman, 2020b: fig. 77). B, Euoplocephalus (after Coombs, 1978a). C, Stegosaurus (after Gilmore, 1914).
Figure 6 in Jurassic mammaliaform petrosals from Western Siberia (Russia) and implications for early mammalian inner-ear anatomy
Figure 6. Virtual horizontal cut through the three?haramiyidan promontoria, specimens PIN 5087/37 (A), PIN 5087/69 (B), and PIN 5087/70 (C). Remnants of a bony bar on the medial side of the cochlear nerve foramen are visible in each specimen inside the cochlear canal (indicated by black arrow heads). White rectangle in B depicts area seen close up in D, light source was virtually adjusted in D to make the sulci visible. E, reconstruction of the perforated bony bar with single cochlear nerve fibres (yellow) piercing through; number of holes random and only for illustration purpose. Anterior to the top, not to scale.
FIGURE 9. Spiriferina sophiaealbae n in Latest Triassic and Early Jurassic Spiriferinida (Brachiopoda) of Zealandia (New Zealand and New Caledonia)
FIGURE 9. Spiriferina sophiaealbae n. sp. (x3). 1 Holotype AU B725 (R16/f8821) internal mould, distorted (a) dorsal (b) ventral (c) lateral (d) anterior (e) posterior. 2 AU B735 (R15/f8005) ventral valve, shelly. 3 AU B719 (R15/f8686B) internal mould of ventral valve. 4 AU B708 (R15/f8005) ventral valve, shelly. 5 AU B724 (R16/f8821) ventral valve, latex of exterior (a) ventral (b) posterior. 6 OU 46816 (E45/f9860) ventral valve (a) internal mould (b) latex of external. 7 AU B723 (R16/f8821) ventral valve, latex of exterior. 8 OU 47224 (F45/f8683) latex of ventral valve exterior (a) ventral (b) posterior. 9 OU 46890 (E45/f085) dorsal valve, latex of exterior. 10 AU B762 (R16/f8821) partial dorsal valve internal mould, oblique to show hinge plate. 11 OU C3042 (E45/f9860) ventral valve internal mould. 12 OU 47164 (E45/f9860) ventral valve, oblique.
Early–Middle Jurassic paleomagnetic results from the Tethyan Himalayas and their tectonics significance
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