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Fig. 4 in Two new species of the Echinoderes coulli-group (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida: Echinoderidae) from a low human-impacted mangrove swamp in French Guiana (western Atlantic Ocean)

Fig. 4. Light micrographs of female holotype MNHN- 655Ma (A, C-D), male paratype MNHN-661Ma (B, E), female paratypes MNHN-656Ma (H) and MNHN-657Ma (F), and additional specimens (G, I) of Echinoderes angelae sp. nov. showing trunk overview, details of mouth cone and neck, epibionts and ingested diatoms. A: Ventral trunk overview; B: mouth cone, showing the outer oral styles; C: dorsal neck view; D: ventral neck view; E: middorsal to laterodorsal view on right side of tergal plate of segments 10–11; F: lateral view of segment 11; G: ingested diatom; H: unknown type of epibionts attached to the posterior edge of segment 11; I: filamentous bacteria attached to the posterior edge of segment 11. Abbreviations: ba, bacteria; bs, basal sheath; dpl, dorsal placid; ep, end-piece; ldt, laterodorsal tube; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; mvpl, midventral placid; ps, penile spines; te, tergal extension; tsp, trichoscalid plate.

Fig. 10 in Two new species of mud dragons (Scalidophora: Kinorhyncha) inhabiting a human-impacted mangrove from Mayotte (Southwestern Indian Ocean)

Fig. 10. Kinorhynch richness (A) as number of species, density (B) as number of individuals per 10 cm 2 and community composition at the two studied sites ("impacted" vs. "control") (C). Boxplots represent the mean value (thick horizontal line within the box), the distributions of 50% of the data (the box), and the highest and lowest values within 95% of the distribution (the whisker). Contribution of each kinorhynch species to the total community is expressed in percentage in relation to the total abundance.

Fig. 1 in Two new species of the Echinoderes coulli-group (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida: Echinoderidae) from a low human-impacted mangrove swamp in French Guiana (western Atlantic Ocean)

Fig. 1. Map showing the sampling location in South America (top left), French Guiana (top right) and the Cayenne Estuary (bottom). Sampling stations are marked red circles; mangrove cover is coloured in dark green. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

Fig. 7 in Two new species of mud dragons (Scalidophora: Kinorhyncha) inhabiting a human-impacted mangrove from Mayotte (Southwestern Indian Ocean)

Fig. 7. Light micrographs of male holotype MNHN-613 Ma (A, D, F-G), male paratype MNHN-641 Ma (C) and female paratype MNHN-637 Ma (B, E) of Echinoderes parthenope sp. nov. showing cuticular details of segments 1–8. A: Dorsal and lateral overview of neck and segments 1–4; B: Dorsal view of neck and segments 1–4; C: midlateral to ventromedial view on right side of cuticular plates of segments 1–4; D: middorsal to midlateral view on right side of tergal plates of segments 5–6; E: midlateral to lateroventral view on left side of tergal plates of segments 5–8; F: midlateral to ventromedial view on right side of cuticular plates of segments 5–6; G: ventral view of segment 8. Abbreviations: dpl, dorsal placid; gco2, type 2 glandular cell outlet; las, lateral accessory spine; lvs, lateroventral spine; lvt, lateroventral tube; m, male condition of sexually dimorphic character; mds, middorsal spine; mls, midlateral spine; mvpl, midventral placid; ppf, primary pectinate fringe; slt, sublateral tube; glandular cell outlets are marked as continuous circles, and sensory spots as dashed circles/droplet-shaped figures.

Fig. 6 in Two new species of mud dragons (Scalidophora: Kinorhyncha) inhabiting a human-impacted mangrove from Mayotte (Southwestern Indian Ocean)

Fig. 6. Light micrographs of male holotype MNHN-613 Ma (E), male paratypes MNHN-649 Ma (B–C) and MNHN-651 Ma (G), and female paratype MNHN-637 Ma (A, D, F, H) of Echinoderes parthenope sp. nov. showing trunk overviews and details on the head, neck, nephridiopore and lateral terminal spines. A: Dorsal trunk overview; B: Mouth cone; C: Introvert; D: Ventral neck view: E: lateral terminal spines; F: detail of nephridiopore in midlateral view; G: overview of nephridiopore in midlateral view; H: ingested diatoms. Abbreviations: aa (sp), anterior area of nephridiopore (sieve plate); bfs, basal fringed sheath; bs, basal sheath; ep, distal endpiece; epo, enlarged pore; lts, lateral terminal spines; mlne, midlateral nephridiopore; mvpl, midventral placid; oos, outer oral style; pa, posterior area of nephridiopore; phc, pharyngeal crown; psc, primary spinoscalid; rsc, regular-sized scalid; tsp, trichoscalid plate.

Fig. 1 in Two new species of mud dragons (Scalidophora: Kinorhyncha) inhabiting a human-impacted mangrove from Mayotte (Southwestern Indian Ocean)

Fig. 1. Map showing the location of the study site in the Indian Ocean (A), the Comoros Archipelago (B), the Mayotte Archipelago (C) and the Chirongui Bay (D). An illustration of the study site structure is represented in the horizontal profile (E). The mangrove cover was mapped by photo-interpretation and manual digitizing by D. Cepeda using the Adobe® Photoshop CS6 software.

Fig. 2 in Two new species of mud dragons (Scalidophora: Kinorhyncha) inhabiting a human-impacted mangrove from Mayotte (Southwestern Indian Ocean)

Fig. 2. Line art drawing of Echinoderes cyaneafictus sp. nov. A: Ventral male overview; B: Dorsal male overview; C: Dorsal female overview of segments 10–11. D: Ventral female overview of segments 1–3. E: Dorsal female overview of segments 1–3. Abbreviations: dpl; dorsal placid; epo, enlarged pore; lat, lateral accessory tube; ldrss, laterodorsal rounded sensory spot; ldt, laterodorsal tube; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvgco1, lateroventral type 1 glandular cell outlet; mddss, middorsal droplet-shaped sensory spot; mdgco1, middorsal type 1 glandular cell outlet; mds, middorsal spine; mldss, midlateral droplet-shaped sensory spot; mvpl, midventral placid; pddss, paradorsal droplet-shaped sensory spot; pdgco1, paradorsal type 1 glandular cell outlet; ppf, primary pectinate fringe; ps; penile spine (followed by number of corresponding pair); S, segment (followed by number of corresponding segment); sddss; subdorsal droplet-shaped sensory spot; sdrss, subdorsal rounded sensory spot; slne, sublateral nephridiopore; sls, sublateral spine; te, tergal extension; tp, trichoscalid plate; vldss, ventrolateral droplet-shaped sensory spot; vmdss, ventromedial droplet-shaped sensory spot; vmgco1, ventromedial type 1 glandular cell outlet; vmrss, ventromedial rounded sensory spot.

Fig. 3 in Two new species of mud dragons (Scalidophora: Kinorhyncha) inhabiting a human-impacted mangrove from Mayotte (Southwestern Indian Ocean)

Fig. 3. Light micrographs of male holotype MNHN-623 Ma (A-B, D), and female paratype MNHN-602 Ma (C, E-F) of Echinoderes cyaneafictus sp. nov., showing trunk overview and details on the head, neck, and segments 1–8. A: Ventral trunk overview; B: Dorsal view on segments 1–4; C: Midlateral to ventrolateral view on left side of cuticular plates of segments 5–8; D: Ventral view on segments 1–4; E: Detail of elongated micropapillae sensory spot on segment 1; F: Mouth cone and introvert. Abbreviations: ba, bacteria; bs, basal sheath; dpl, dorsal placid; ep, distal end-piece; lat, lateral accessory tube; ldess, laterodorsal elongated micropapillae sensory spot; lvt, lateroventral tube; mds, middorsal spine; mvpl, midventral placid; oos, outer oral style; phc, pharyngeal crown; ppf, primary pectinate fringe; psc, primary spinoscalid; rsc, regular-sized scalid; sdess, subdorsal elongated micropapillae sensory spot; sls, sublateral spine; tsp, trichoscalid plate; vmess, ventromedial elongated micropapillae sensory spot; numbers after abbreviations indicates corresponding segment; glandular cell outlets are marked as continuous circles, and sensory spots as dashed circles/droplet-shaped figures.

Fig. 4 in Two new species of mud dragons (Scalidophora: Kinorhyncha) inhabiting a human-impacted mangrove from Mayotte (Southwestern Indian Ocean)

Fig. 4. Light micrographs of male holotype MNHN-623 Ma (B–C, E), male paratype MNHN-599 Ma (A), and female paratypes MNHN-602 Ma (D) and MNHN-616 Ma (F) of Echinoderes cyaneafictus sp. nov., showing trunk overview and details on the nephridiopore and segments 5–11. A: Ventral trunk overview; B: Dorsal view on segments 5–8; C; Dorsal view on segments 8–10; D: Lateral terminal and lateral accessory terminal spines; E: Ventral view on segments 10–11; F: Overview of nephridiopore in midlateral view. Abbreviations: epo, enlarged pore; f, female condition of sexually dimorphic character; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spines; lts, lateral terminal spines; m, male condition of sexually dimorphic character; mlne, midlateral nephridiopore; ppf, primary pectinate fringe; ps, penile spine; te, tergal extension; glandular cell outlets are marked as continuous circles, and sensory spots as dashed circles/droplet-shaped figures.

Fig. 8 in Two new species of mud dragons (Scalidophora: Kinorhyncha) inhabiting a human-impacted mangrove from Mayotte (Southwestern Indian Ocean)

Fig. 8. Light micrographs of male holotype MNHN-613 Ma (A–D), male paratype MNHN-642 Ma (E) and female paratype MNHN-637 Ma (F–G) of Echinoderes parthenope sp. nov. showing cuticular details of segments 8–11. A: Dorsal view of segments 8–9; B: Ventral view of segments 9–10; C: penile spines; D: dorsal view of segment 11; E: dorsal view of segments 10–11; F: ventral view of segments 10–11; G: ventral view of segments 10–11. Abbreviations: ce, cuticular extension; f; female condition of sexually dimorphic character; gco2, type 2 glandular cell outlet; go, gonopore; ldt, laterodorsal tube; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; m, male condition of sexually dimorphic character; ppf, primary pectinate fringe; pr, protuberance; ps, penile spine (followed by number of corresponding pair); se, sternal extension; te, tergal extension; glandular cell outlets are marked as continuous circles, and sensory spots as dashed circles/dropletshaped figures.

Fig. 20 in A historical and integrative taxonomic account of mangrove oyster species native to the Atlantic American coast: A re-evaluation of Brazilian Crassostrea species

Fig. 20. Representatives of Crassostrea virginica specimens without characteristic outer margin undulations. Photo provided by Jessica Moss Small, Research Coordinator of Virginia Institute of Marine Science.

Fig. 17. A-F Crassostrea gasar specimens C. paraibanensis-like. A–F in A historical and integrative taxonomic account of mangrove oyster species native to the Atlantic American coast: A re-evaluation of Brazilian Crassostrea species

Fig. 17. A-F Crassostrea gasar specimens C. paraibanensis-like. A–F: C. Gomes 2022–03 (n4, n12, n15, n18). Photo by Jo˜ao Paulo Ramos Ferreira.

Fig. 16. A-O in A historical and integrative taxonomic account of mangrove oyster species native to the Atlantic American coast: A re-evaluation of Brazilian Crassostrea species

Fig. 16. A-O Crassostrea gasar morphological variation (Cont.). Shell specimens: A: Miguel Accioly Zsa3- 17; B: Miguel Accioly Zsa1-30; C: C. Tureck PdC-79; D–E: Angela P. Legat 205a-03; F: Angela P. Legat 194a-03; G: C. Melo LAG-15; H: Angela P. Legat 204b- 09; I: Galv˜ao SP-63; J–K: Bicolor cultivar 01; L–M: Golden cultivar 02; N: Golden cultivar 01; O–P: Black cultivar 01. Photo by Jo˜ao Paulo Ramos Ferreira. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

Fig. 18. A-M in A historical and integrative taxonomic account of mangrove oyster species native to the Atlantic American coast: A re-evaluation of Brazilian Crassostrea species

Fig. 18. A-M Crassostrea rhizophorae morphological variation. Shell specimens: A: Alfredo O. G´alvez PEa4-95; B–C: Alfredo O. G´alvez LSb4-79; D–E: C. Melo SBQ-04; F: C. Tureck PdC-68; G: Alfredo O. G´alvez ZEa2-126; H–I: Alfredo O. G´alvez PEa3-96; J: Alfredo O. G´alvez ZEa2-129; K–L: Alfredo O. G´alvez PEa3-98; M: C. Tureck PdC-66. Photo by Jo˜ao Paulo Ramos Ferreira.

Fig. 15. A-O in A historical and integrative taxonomic account of mangrove oyster species native to the Atlantic American coast: A re-evaluation of Brazilian Crassostrea species

Fig. 15. A-O Crassostrea gasar morphological variation. Shell specimens: A: C. Tureck Her-04; B–C: Angela P. Legat 195-16; D: Alfredo O. G´alvez Pea2-108; E: Angela P. Legat 204a-01; F–G: Angela P. Legat 204b-13; H–I C. Tureck IdM-46; J–K: Alfredo O. G´alvez LSb4-70; L–M: Alfredo O. G´alvez LSb2-84; N–O: Alfredo O. G´alvez Pea1-101. Photo by Jo˜ao Paulo Ramos Ferreira.

Fig. 14. A-E in A historical and integrative taxonomic account of mangrove oyster species native to the Atlantic American coast: A re-evaluation of Brazilian Crassostrea species

Fig. 14. A-E Anatomical morphology of Crassostrea gasar. A: Adult animal with a "V" accessory heart (C. Gomes LB105); B: tentacle arrangement (C. Gomes LB101); C: Rectum and anal folds (C. Gomes LB105); D: Single branched accessory heart (C. Gomes LB101); E: accessory heart "Y" shaped (C. Gomes LB105). F–K Anatomical morphology of Crassostrea rhizophorae. F: Adult animal with a "Y" accessory heart (C. Gomes LRH08); G–H: tentacle arrangement (C. Gomes LRH10); I: Rectum and anal folds (C. Gomes LRH08); J: Ventral posterior mantle fusion view of both mantle lobes, each containing a simple branched accessory heart (C. Gomes LRH08); K: accessory heart "Y" shaped (C. Gomes LRH10). (ah = accessory heart, lah = left accessory heart, rah = right accessory heart).

Fig. 12 in A historical and integrative taxonomic account of mangrove oyster species native to the Atlantic American coast: A re-evaluation of Brazilian Crassostrea species

Fig. 12. Mean (± standard deviation) Scar of adductor muscle characters from measurements (MSH, MSL, MSL/SL) (p <0.05).

Fig. 10 in A historical and integrative taxonomic account of mangrove oyster species native to the Atlantic American coast: A re-evaluation of Brazilian Crassostrea species

Fig. 10. Mean (± standard deviation) umbo characters from measurements (UH, UL, UCD, UH/SL, UCD/UH). Frequency of C. gasar and C. rhizophorae individuals for each category of UCC (p <0.05).

Fig. 9 in A historical and integrative taxonomic account of mangrove oyster species native to the Atlantic American coast: A re-evaluation of Brazilian Crassostrea species

Fig. 9. Frequency of C. gasar and C. rhizophorae individuals for each category of Br, RVF, SOO (p <0.05).

Fig. 19. A-P in A historical and integrative taxonomic account of mangrove oyster species native to the Atlantic American coast: A re-evaluation of Brazilian Crassostrea species

Fig. 19. A-P Crassostrea rhizophorae morphological variation (Cont.). Shell specimens: A: C. Tureck IdM- 58; B: C. Tureck PdC-81; C: Alfredo O. G´alvez LSb3- 77; D–E: Angela P. Legat 189a-02; F: Alfredo O. G´alvez ZEa2-119; G: Alfredo O. G´alvez ZEc2-14; H: Miguel Accioly ZSc2-05; I: C. Tureck IdM-61; J: Miguel Accioly PEa3-39; K: Angela P. 193c-04; L–M: Angela P. Legat 189-08; N: Miguel Accioly PEa1-40; O: Miguel Accioly ZEa1-45; P: Angela P. Legat 190- 04; Q: Standard cultivar specimen 01. Photo by Jo˜ao Paulo Ramos Ferreira.