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952 results for “Noise”
Data from: Suffering in receivers: negative effects of noise persist regardless of experience in female anurans
1. Anthropogenic noise is widespread, and growing evidence suggests that it can negatively affect animals through many different mechanisms including masking of cues and signals, distraction, and aversion to noise. 2. Acoustic masking has received the most attention from researchers and recent evidence suggests that masking effects can be mitigated by alteration of signal frequencies or amplitudes by signalers. Additionally, alteration can be a learned response via prior experience with noise exposure. However, it remains unclear whether distraction or aversive effects due to noise can be mitigated by prior experience with noise, especially among signal receivers. 3. Here, we addressed this gap by separating mechanisms of noise disturbances on female phonotaxis towards male advertisement calls in anurans. To do this, we experimentally examined phonotaxis of gravid females that differ in their prior experience with noise under three acoustic manipulations: spectrally overlapping and non-overlapping noise that either mask or do not mask male advertisement calls respectively, plus a silent control. 4. We confirm two experience-dependent responses of noisy-site individuals relative to quiet-site individuals: faster initiation of phonotaxis under non-overlapping noise and a stronger aversive response against overlapping noise. However, we showed that, for both noisy- versus quiet-site individuals, both overlapping and non-overlapping noise treatments resulted in delayed initiation and disorientation of phonotaxis relative to silent control treatments. 5. Our study provides the first evidence to demonstrate that, although prior experience appears to mitigate the negative effects of distraction or aversion to noise, prior experience falls short of fully compensating for disrupted orientation through phonotaxis. Additionally, although most studies have emphasized masking of biologically relevant cues and signals as the most prominent mechanism by which noise negatively affects wild organisms, we show that non-overlapping noise, which cannot cause signal and cue masking, can have negative consequences via distraction or aversive responses. This finding suggests that noise impacts could extend well beyond contexts involving acoustic cue detection and discrimination and deserves increased attention by researchers.
Data from: Superior discrimination for hue than for saturation and an explanation in terms of correlated neural noise
The precision of human colour discrimination depends on the region of colour space in which measurements are made and on the direction in which the compared colours—the discriminanda—differ. Working in a MacLeod–Boynton chromaticity diagram scaled so that thresholds at the white point were equal for the two axes, we made measurements at reference points lying on lines that passed at 45° or −45° through the white point. At a given reference chromaticity, we measured thresholds either for saturation (i.e. for discriminanda lying radially along the line passing through the white point) or for hue (i.e. for discriminanda lying on a tangent of a circle passing through the reference point and centred on the white point). The discriminanda always straddled the reference point in chromaticity. The attraction of this arrangement is that the two thresholds can be expressed in common units. All that differs between saturation and hue measurements is the phase with which the short-wave signal is combined with the long-/middle-wave signal. Except for chromaticities very close to the white point, saturation thresholds were systematically higher than hue thresholds. We offer a possible explanation in terms of correlated neural noise.
Data from: Size-dependent physiological responses of shore crabs to single and repeated playback of ship noise
Anthropogenic noise has fundamentally changed the acoustics of terrestrial and aquatic environments, and there is growing empirical evidence that even a single noise exposure can impact behaviour in a variety of vertebrate organisms. Here we use controlled experiments to investigate how the physiology of a marine invertebrate, the shore crab (Carcinus maenas), is affected by both single and repeated exposure to ship-noise playback. Crabs experiencing ship-noise playback consumed more oxygen, indicating a higher metabolic rate and potentially greater stress, than those exposed to ambient-noise playback. The response to single ship-noise playback was size-dependent, with heavier crabs showing a stronger response than lighter individuals. Repeated exposure to ambient-noise playback led to increased oxygen consumption (likely due to handling stress), whereas repeated exposure to ship-noise playback produced no change in physiological response; explanations include the possibility that crabs exhibited a maximal response on first exposure to ship-noise playback or that they habituated or become tolerant to it. These results highlight that invertebrates, like vertebrates, may also be susceptible to the detrimental impacts of anthropogenic noise, and demonstrate their tractability for more detailed investigations into the effects of this pervasive global pollutant.
Data from: Vocal plasticity in mallards: multiple signal changes in noise and the evolution of the Lombard effect in birds
Signal plasticity is a building block of complex animal communication systems. A particular form of signal plasticity is the Lombard effect, in which a signaler increases its vocal amplitude in response to an increase in the background noise. The Lombard effect is a basic mechanism for communication in noise that is well-studied in human speech and which has also been reported in other mammals and several bird species. Sometimes, but not always, the Lombard effect is accompanied by additional changes in signal parameters. However, the evolution of the Lombard effect and other related vocal adjustments in birds are still unclear because so far only three major avian clades have been studied. We report the first evidence for the Lombard effect in an anseriform bird, the mallard (Anas platyrhynchos). In association with the Lombard effect, the fifteen ducklings in our experiment also increased the peak frequency of their calls in noise. However, they did not change the duration of call syllables or their call rates as has been found in other bird species. Our findings support the notion that all extant birds use the Lombard effect to solve the common problem of maintaining communication in noise, i.e. it is an ancestral trait shared among all living avian taxa, which means that it has evolved more than 70 million years ago within that group. At the same time, our data suggest that parameter changes associated with the Lombard effect follow more complex patterns, with marked differences between taxa, some of which might be related to proximate constraints..
Data from: Investigation of the effect of cochlear implant electrode length on speech comprehension in quiet and noise compared with the results with users of electro-acoustic-stimulation, a retrospective analysis
Objectives: This investigation evaluated the effect of cochlear implant (CI) electrode length on speech comprehension in quiet and noise and compare the results with those of EAS users. Methods: 91 adults with some degree of residual hearing were implanted with a FLEX20, FLEX24, or FLEX28 electrode. Some subjects were postoperative electric-acoustic-stimulation (EAS) users; the other subjects were in the groups of electric stimulation-only (ES-only). Speech perception was tested in quiet and noise at 3 and 6 months of ES or EAS use. Speech comprehension results were analyzed and correlated to electrode length. Results: While the FLEX20 ES and FLEX24 ES groups were still in their learning phase between the 3 to 6 months interval, the FLEX28 ES group was already reaching a performance plateau at the three months appointment yielding remarkably high test scores. EAS subjects using FLEX20 or FLEX24 electrodes outscored ES-only subjects with the same short electrodes on all 3 tests at each interval, reaching significance with FLEX20 ES and FLEX24 ES subjects on all 3 tests at the 3-months interval and on 2 tests at the 6- months interval. Amongst ES-only subjects at the 3- months interval, FLEX28 ES subjects significantly outscored FLEX20 ES subjects on all 3 tests and the FLEX24 ES subjects on 2 tests. At the-6 months interval, FLEX28 ES subjects still exceeded the other ES-only subjects although the difference did not reach significance. Conclusions: Among ES-only users, the FLEX28 ES users had the best speech comprehension scores, at the 3- months appointment and tendentially at the 6 months appointment. EAS users showed significantly better speech comprehension results compared to ES-only users with the same short electrodes.
Reproduction Package: Geometry dependence of TLS noise and loss in a-SiC:H parallel plate capacitors for superconducting microwave resonators.
<p>Reproduction package</p><p>Version 1.0</p>
MEASURES TO PREVENT THE NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF NOISE
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FMA Rock and Noise Rock only
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Hangzhou ambient noise data
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Data from: Ambient noise tomography of upper crustal structures and Quaternary faults in the Seoul metropolitan area and its geological implications
<p class="0"><span><span><span>We investigate the upper-crustal seismic velocity structure in the Seoul metropolitan</span> <span>area, where about 20 million people live. The Chugaryeong fault zone (CFZ) is</span> <span>placed in this area, but the seismic hazard potential remains unclear. We conducted</span> <span>ambient noise tomography to illuminate the high-resolution upper-crustal structure</span> <span>in the Seoul metropolitan area. We analyzed continuous vertical seismic records</span> <span>for ~5 months from a dense seismic array with 77 broadband stations. Group</span> <span>velocity dispersion curves and tomographic maps were extracted between 0.5 and 10</span> <span>s periods. We inverted 3-D group velocity tomography models up to a depth of ~10</span> <span>km from the group velocity maps. The shear-wave velocity model is consistent with</span> <span>the geological features. High-velocity anomalies at shallow depths are correlated</span> <span>with the surface topography and geology. The CFZ is located at a low velocity below the 5 km depth and presented as the simplified model. The large </span><span>V</span><span><sub>S</sub> </span><span>contrast</span> <span>regions are located beneath NS-trending faults. The cross-sections coincide with</span> <span>the near-vertical strike-slip faults in this area. In the southern region of the Seoul</span> <span>metropolitan area, low-velocity anomalies correlate with high heat flow regions. Our</span> <span>results effectively suggest high resolution upper-crustal structures and subsurface</span> <span>hidden faults in the urban area.</span></span></span></p>
Supplementary material 1 from: Ednie A, Gale T (2021) Soundscapes and protected area conservation: Are noises in nature making people complacent? Nature Conservation 44: 177-195. https://doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.44.69578
Connections to nature survey
Data from: A national VS30 model for South Korea to combine nationwide dense borehole measurements with ambient seismic noise analysis
<p>The average shear-wave velocity within the top 30 m from the surface, V<sub>S30</sub>, represents site characteristics including the soil classification and site amplification that are essential information for building codes and seismic design. A novel method to determine a V<sub>S30</sub> model based on a composite analysis of borehole standard penetration test numbers (SPT N) and horizontal-to-vertical (H/V) spectral ambient noise ratios is introduced. A national V<sub>S30</sub> model for South Korea is determined using the method. The shear-wave velocity structures beneath 20 nationwide broadband seismic stations are determined using the H/V analysis. The SPT N data are collected from 175,619 nationwide densely-distributed boreholes. The shear-wave velocity models from SPT N values are calibrated for the local reference velocity models from H/V analysis. A representative relationship between the SPT N values and shear-wave velocities is introduced. A national V<sub>S30</sub> model for South Korea is determined using the calibrated SPT N models at the nationwide boreholes. The V<sub>S30</sub> model is verified by comparisons with local field measurements. The proposed model is consistent with the USGS model based on a surface slope analysis. The V<sub>S30</sub> structure presents high correlation with geological and topographic features. The V<sub>S30</sub> values are low in coastal (low topographic) areas, and high in mountain (high topographic) areas. Apparent linear relationship is observed between V<sub>S30</sub> and topography. The western and southeastern coastal regions may be vulnerable to strong seismic shaking.</p>
Female choice and male-male competition are affected by noise-filled calls in a treefrog
<p>Both human and non-human a<span>nimals communicating acoustically face the problem of noise interference, especially anuran</span>s during mating activities.<span> Previous studies focused on the e</span>ffect of continuous noise on signal recognition, but it is still unknown whether different notes in advertisement calls filled by noise affect female choice and male-male competition or not. In this study, we tested female preferences and male evoked vocal responses in serrate-legged small treefrog (<i><span>K</span></i><i><span>ur</span></i><i><span>ixalus odontotarsus</span></i>), by broadcasting the five-note advertisement call and the advertisement call with the second, third or fourth note filled by noise respectively. In phonotaxis experiments, females significantly discriminated against the advertisement call with the fourth note filled by noise, although they did not discriminate against other two noise-filled calls, which indicates that the effect of noise on female preference is related to the order of filled notes in the advertisement call. In playback experiments, males increased the total number of notes and notes/call in response to noise-filled calls compared with spontaneous calls. More interesting, the vocal responses evoked by noise-filled calls were similar to those evoked by complete advertisement calls, suggesting that males may recognize the noise-filled calls as complete advertisement calls. Taken together, our study shows that different notes in advertisement calls filled by noise have different effects on female choice and male-male competition.</p>
Dataset for "Exceptional-point-based accelerometers with enhanced signal-to-noise ratio"
<p>Data set supporting the data represented in the article </p>
Signal lengthening is not a strategy for animals to mitigate noise interference
<p><span>Many species of animals rely on acoustic communication for critical life activities. The efficacy of acoustic communication, however, can be seriously hindered by ambient noise. Although it has been widely reported that signallers modify the structure of their acoustic signals in noise, whether such signal modulations contribute to reducing noise interference is often unclear. Signal duration is a perceptually important parameter that can directly affect signal detection. Here, we address whether signal lengthening is an adaptive strategy for improving acoustic communication in noise, combing results from a meta-analysis, a noise playback experiment, and numerical simulations. The meta-analysis showed that animals from arthropods to mammals showed a mixed pattern of signal duration modifications in response to noise, covering all three possibilities of an increase, a decrease, and no change. The noise playback experiment revealed that noise-induced signal duration modulation was characterized by strong inter-individual variations and correlated positively with signal amplitude, challenging the functional role of signal lengthening in reducing noise interference. Lastly, numerical simulations suggest that experimentally observed signal duration increases in noise disappear when the effect size is considered. We conclude that signal lengthening is not a strategy for animals to mitigate noise interference, despite its wide occurrence. </span></p>
Data from: Accounting for experimental noise reveals that mRNA levels, amplified by post-transcriptional processes, largely determine steady-state protein levels in yeast
Cells respond to their environment by modulating protein levels through mRNA transcription and post-transcriptional control. Modest observed correlations between global steady-state mRNA and protein measurements have been interpreted as evidence that mRNA levels determine roughly 40% of the variation in protein levels, indicating dominant post-transcriptional effects. However, the techniques underlying these conclusions, such as correlation and regression, yield biased results when data are noisy, missing systematically, and collinear---properties of mRNA and protein measurements---which motivated us to revisit this subject. Noise-robust analyses of 24 studies of budding yeast reveal that mRNA levels explain more than 85% of the variation in steady-state protein levels. Protein levels are not proportional to mRNA levels, but rise much more rapidly. Regulation of translation suffices to explain this nonlinear effect, revealing post-transcriptional amplification of, rather than competition with, transcriptional signals. These results substantially revise widely credited models of protein-level regulation, and introduce multiple noise-aware approaches essential for proper analysis of many biological phenomena.
Supplementary Data for Forced Cenozoic continental subduction of Tarim craton-like lithosphere below the Tianshan revealed by ambient noise tomography
<p>Please read the README.txt file for more information.</p>
EM-CCD noise image sequence
<p>Using a custom code written in R, an image series of EM-CCD sensor noise was simulated, based on the equations and theory provided by Hirsch and collaborators [1].</p> <p>1. M. Hirsch, R. J. Wareham, M. L. Martin-Fernandez, M. P. Hobson, and D. J. Rolfe, “A stochastic model for electron multiplication charge-coupled devices – from theory to practice,” PLOS ONE 8, 1–13 (2013).</p>
Figure 1 from: Chen J, Bagga D (2017) Noise paradoxically increases reliability metrics. Research Ideas and Outcomes 3: e12641. https://doi.org/10.3897/rio.3.e12641
Figure 1 - A: The voxel-wise ICC values of RSFC with respect to a PCC seed under different SNR levels (SNR is defined as the ratio of the amplitude of fluctuations < 0.2 Hz to > 0.2 Hz, averaged across voxels in the slice, each column) and session numbers (by partitioning each subject's scan to multiple windows, each row). B: ICC values (a), between-subject (b) and inter-subject (c) variability averaged within all voxels of the displayed slice in A ('All', numbers in the parenthesis are the window number), and voxels significantly correlated with the PCC seed at the group level ('Active', evaluated across 10 subjects using the entire scan dataset filtered < 0.2 Hz, p < 0.05, uncorrected)
Dataset-From a natural disaster to a geothermal opportunity: the Lusi geothermal system investigated with Ambient Noise Attenuation Tomography
<p>Dataset and results of the Ambient Noise Attenuation Tomography of Lusi volcano.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.