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Fig. 3. A in Systematic Review Of The Frog Family Hylidae, With Special Reference To Hylinae: Phylogenetic Analysis And Taxonomic Revision

Fig. 3. A partial view of the strict consensus showing the relationships of the South American I clade and its correspondence with the currently recognized species groups. Numbers above nodes are Bremer support values. Numbers below nodes are Parsimony Jackknife absolute frequencies; those with an asterisk (*) have a 100% frequency. Black circles denote nodes that are present in the quick consensus estimation.

Fig. 15 in Systematic Review Of The Frog Family Hylidae, With Special Reference To Hylinae: Phylogenetic Analysis And Taxonomic Revision

Fig. 15. Partial view of the strict consensus showing the geographic distribution of the components of Dendropsophini. Distributions, in general, are taken from Duellman (1999). Only collective groups referred in ''Biogeographic Commentary'' are shown. An asterisk (*) indicates the geographic distribution of Scinax squalirostris that includes the Atlantic forest, Cerrado, Chaco, and Pampean grasslands. Two asterisks (**) indicate the geographic distribution of Scinax ruber that includes the Amazonian and Guayana lowlands, Caribbean lowlands, and Llanos. Three asterisks (***) indicate the geographic distribution of Pseudis paradoxa that extends from the Chaco region to the Amazonian and Guayana lowlands, the Llanos, and the Caribbean lowlands.

Fig. 6 in Systematic Review Of The Frog Family Hylidae, With Special Reference To Hylinae: Phylogenetic Analysis And Taxonomic Revision

Fig. 6. Current state of phylogenetic knowledge of the 30chromosome Hyla. Redrawn from Duellman (2001: 857) with the addition of Kaplan's (2000) suggestion regarding the relationships of Hyla praestans with the H. garagoensis group. Numbered synapomorphies, as textually described by these authors, are: 1, 30 chromosomes; 2, reduced quadratojugal; 3, 1/2 labial tooth rows; 4, nuptial excrescences absent; 5, tadpole tail xiphicercal; 6, tadpole mouth terminal; 7, 0/1 labial tooth rows; 8, 0/0 labial tooth rows; 9, one ventral row of small labial papillae in tadpoles; 10, extensive axillary membrane; 11, longitudinal stripes on hindlimbs of tadpoles; 12, one ventral row of large labial papillae in tadpoles; 13, tadpole body violinshaped in dorsal view; 14, body of tadpole depressed; 15, labial papillae absent in tadpoles; 16, internal surface of the arytenoids with a small medial depression.

Fig. 12. A in Systematic Review Of The Frog Family Hylidae, With Special Reference To Hylinae: Phylogenetic Analysis And Taxonomic Revision

Fig. 12. A partial view of the strict consensus, updated with the new taxonomy for the tribes Hylini

Fig. 4. A in Systematic Review Of The Frog Family Hylidae, With Special Reference To Hylinae: Phylogenetic Analysis And Taxonomic Revision

Fig. 4. A partial view of the strict consensus showing the relationships of the South American II clade and its correspondence with the currently recognized species groups. Numbers above nodes are Bremer support values. Numbers below nodes are Parsimony Jackknife absolute frequencies; those with an asterisk (*) have a 100% frequency. Numbers in boldfaced italic are node numbers for the list of morphological synapomorphies (see appendix 3). Black circles denote nodes that are present in the quick consensus estimation. The arrow shows alternative placement of the (Scarthyla 1 (Lysapsus 1 Pseudis)) clade when using the 3:1:2 weighting scheme (see text).

Fig. 10. A in Systematic Review Of The Frog Family Hylidae, With Special Reference To Hylinae: Phylogenetic Analysis And Taxonomic Revision

Fig. 10. A partial view of the strict consensus, updated with the new taxonomy for the tribe Cophomantini.

Fig. 9. A in Systematic Review Of The Frog Family Hylidae, With Special Reference To Hylinae: Phylogenetic Analysis And Taxonomic Revision

Fig. 9. A partial view of the strict consensus, updated with the new taxonomy for Phyllomedusinae proposed here.

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FIGURE 5 in A New Species of Riama from Ecuador Previously Referred to as Riama hyposticta (Boulenger, 1902) (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae)

FIGURE 5. Riama crypta, new species. Dorsal, lateral, and ventral views of head of holotype (KU 135103 [SVL: 60 mm]).

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FIGURE 7 in A New Species of Riama from Ecuador Previously Referred to as Riama hyposticta (Boulenger, 1902) (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae)

FIGURE 7. Distribution of Riama crypta in the western slope of the Cordillera Occidental, Ecuador. Circles: 1 = type locality, Pilaló, Cotopaxi; 2 = 3 km W Pilaló on Quevedo-Latacunga road, Cotopaxi; 3 = Las Pampas, Cotopaxi; 4 = Tandapi, Pichincha. Distribution of Riama hyposticta in northern Ecuador and southwestern Colombia: Squares: 5= Type locality, [Hacienda] Paramba [Imbabura], Ecuador; 6 = Reserva Natural Rio Ñambi, vereda El Barro, corregimiento Altaquer, municipio de Barbacoas, departamento de Nariño, Colombia. Distribution of Riama sp. in southern Ecuador: triangle: El Oro, El Chiral. Shading indicates areas above 1000 and 2000 m.

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FIGURE 1 in A New Species of Riama from Ecuador Previously Referred to as Riama hyposticta (Boulenger, 1902) (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae)

FIGURE 1. Riama hyposticta. Dorsal and ventral views of holotype (BMNH 1946.8. 31.31 [SVL: 82 mm]). Photos courtesy: Colin McCarthy.

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Text-fig. 8. The limited differentiation the schmelzmuster in Allosorex (Allosoricinae) indicates its phylogenetic position in Soricomorpha. The numbers to the right refer to the different types of schmelzmuster found in Soricidae: 1 – Soricella-schmelzmuster, 2 – Anourosorex- schmelzmuster, 3 – Crocidura-schmelzmuster, 4 – Notiosorex-schmelzmuster, 5 – Sorex-schmelzmuster, and 6 – Blarina-schmelzmuster (ex Koenigswald and Reumer 2020). in Allosorex Stenodus Fejfar, 1966 (Eulipotyphla, Soricidae): Re-Description Of Type Material And Re-Interpretation Of Its Fossil Record

Text-fig. 8. The limited differentiation the schmelzmuster in Allosorex (Allosoricinae) indicates its phylogenetic position in Soricomorpha. The numbers to the right refer to the different types of schmelzmuster found in Soricidae: 1 – Soricella-schmelzmuster, 2 – Anourosorex- schmelzmuster, 3 – Crocidura-schmelzmuster, 4 – Notiosorex-schmelzmuster, 5 – Sorex-schmelzmuster, and 6 – Blarina-schmelzmuster (ex Koenigswald and Reumer 2020).

FIG. 11. — A-Q, T, U, W in Conodonts in the Silurian of Severnaya Zemlya and Sedov archipelagos (Russia), with special reference to the genus Ozarkodina Branson & Mehl, 1933

FIG. 11. — A-Q, T, U, W, Ozarkodina? aff. waugoolaensis Bischoff, 1986; A, B, E, Cn 6045, lateral and lower views of Pa element (B in translucent light); C, Cn 6057, posterior view of Sb element; D, G, K, Cn 6044, lateral and lower views of Pa element (G in translucent light); F, J, P, Cn 6046, lateral and lower views of Pa element (P in translucent light); H, Cn 6053, posterior view of Sb element; I, Cn 6050, lateral view of M element; L, O, Cn 6047, lateral and lower views of Pb element; M, Cn 6051, lateral view of Sc element; N, Cn 6055, posterior view of Sa element with denticulated posterior process; Q, Cn 6049, lateral view of M element; T, W, Cn 6047, lateral views of Pb element (W in translucent light); U, Cn 6057, posterior view of Sa element without posterior process; all specimens from the lowermost part of the Samojlovich Formation, Srednij Island, section 1(79), sample MF 1-1; R, S, V, Ozarkodina waugoolaensis Bischoff, 1986, Cn 6082, lateral and lower views of Pa element (S in translucent light); uppermost part of the Srednij Formation, October Revolution Island, Ushakov River, section 32, sample MF 46-20. Scale bar: 0.5 mm.

FIG. 8. — A-D, G, J in Conodonts in the Silurian of Severnaya Zemlya and Sedov archipelagos (Russia), with special reference to the genus Ozarkodina Branson & Mehl, 1933

FIG. 8. — A-D, G, J, Ozarkodina guiyangensis Zhou, Zhai & Xian, 1981; A, B, G, Cn 5981, lateral and lower views of Pa element (A in translucent light); C, D, Cn 5983, lateral and lower views of Pa element; J, Cn 5980, lateral view of Pa element in translucent light; all elements from the lower part of the Golomyannyj Formation, October Revolution Island: A, B, G, J, from Strojnaya River, section 52, sample MF 52-23; C, D from Ushakov River, section 32, sample MF 46-14; E, F, Ozarkodina aldridgei Uyeno & Barnes, 1983, specimen Cn 5960, lateral and lower views of Pa element; from the lower part of the Vodopad Formation, October Revolution Island, Strojnaya River, section 51, sample MF 51-9; H, I, K, M-P, R-T, Ozarkodina sp. A.; H, N, Cn 5971, lateral and lower views of Pa element; I, K, Cn 5973, lateral and lower views of Pa element; M, O, Cn 5972, lateral and lower views of Pa element; P, Cn 5974, lateral view of Pb element; R, Cn 5975, lateral view of M element; S, Cn 5977, posterior view of Sa element, T, Cn 5976, posterior view of Sb element; all specimens from the lowermost part of the Vodopad Formation, October revolution Island, Strojnaya River, section 51, sample MF 51-3; L, Q Ozarkodina confluens bucerus (Viira, 1983); L, Cn 6091, lateral view of Pa element; Q, Cn 6089, lateral view of Pa element; both specimens from the upper part of the Samojlovich Formation, October Revolution Island: L, from Matusevich River, section 2, sample 5-2-68k; Q, from the Spokojnaya River region, section 157, sample MF 157-6. Scale bar: 0.5 mm.

FIG. 7. — A-F in Conodonts in the Silurian of Severnaya Zemlya and Sedov archipelagos (Russia), with special reference to the genus Ozarkodina Branson & Mehl, 1933

FIG. 7. — A-F, Ozarkodina polinclinata estonica Männik, 1992; A, D, Cn 5992; lateral view of Pa element (D in translucent light); B, Cn 5988, lateral view of Pa element; C, Cn 5995, lateral view of Sc element; E, Cn 5993, lateral view of Pb element; F, Cn 5998, lateral view of M element; all specimens from the middle part of the Srednij Formation, Srednij Island: A, C-E, from section 1(79), sample MF 1-12a; B, from section 1(79), sample MF 2-1; F, from section 5(74), sample 5-3 (74); G, J, Ozarkodina aldridgei Uyeno & Barnes, 1983, specimen Cn 5957, lateral and lower views of Pa element, from the lower part of the Vodopad Formation, October Revolution Island, Strojnaya River, section 51, sample MF 51-9; H, I, K, L, Ozarkodina guiyangensis Zhou, Zhai & Xian, 1981; H, K, Cn 5980; lateral and lower views of Pa element; I, L, Cn 5985, lateral views of Pb element (L in translucent light); all specimens from the lower part of the Golomyannyj Formation, October Revolution Island; H, K, from Strojnaya River, section 52, sample MF 52-23; I, L, from Ushakov River, section 32, sample MF 46-14. Scale bar: 0.5 mm

FIG. 9. — A-C in Conodonts in the Silurian of Severnaya Zemlya and Sedov archipelagos (Russia), with special reference to the genus Ozarkodina Branson & Mehl, 1933

FIG. 9. — A-C, Ozarkodina aff. waugoolaensis Bischoff, 1986, Cn 6075, lateral and lower views of Pa element (C in translucent light), upper part of the Srednij Formation, October Revolution Island, Ushakov River, section 32, sample MF 46-19; D-M, Ozarkodina waugoolaensis Bischoff, 1986; D, E, Cn 6059, lower and lateral views of Pa element; F, H, I, Cn 6058, lower and lateral views of Pa element (I in translucent light); G, L, M, Cn 6072, lower and lateral views of Pa element (M in translucent light); J, K, Cn 6040, lateral views of Pb element (K in translucent light); D-F, H, I, from the lowermost part of the Srednij Formation, October Revolution Island, Strojnaya River, section 53, sample MF 53-10; G, (L-M), from the middle part of the Golomyannyj Formation, October Revolution Island, Ushakov River, section 32, sample MF 46-14; J, K, from the lowermost part of the Srednij Formation, Srednij Island, section 1(79), sample MF 2-10. Scale bar: 0.5 mm.

FIG. 5 in Conodonts in the Silurian of Severnaya Zemlya and Sedov archipelagos (Russia), with special reference to the genus Ozarkodina Branson & Mehl, 1933

FIG. 5. — Distribution of selected conodont taxa. Outcrops on the Matusevich River, October Revolution Island. For location of outcrops refer to Männik et al. 2002: figs 1, 2, 4. See also explanations to Fig. 1.

FIG. 4 in Conodonts in the Silurian of Severnaya Zemlya and Sedov archipelagos (Russia), with special reference to the genus Ozarkodina Branson & Mehl, 1933

FIG. 4. — Distribution of selected conodont taxa. Outcrops on the Ushakov River, October Revolution Island. For location of outcrops refer to Männik et al. 2002: figs 1, 6. See also explanations to Fig. 1.

FIG. 3 in Conodonts in the Silurian of Severnaya Zemlya and Sedov archipelagos (Russia), with special reference to the genus Ozarkodina Branson & Mehl, 1933

FIG. 3. — Distribution of selected conodont taxa; A, outcrops in the Spokojnaya River region, October Revolution Island; B, composite sequence from the northern part of Pioneer Island: numbers in the left column indicate to the beds and in the right to the thicknesses of these beds according to Klubov et al. 1980. For location of outcrops refer to Männik et al. 2002: figs 1, 9. See also explanations to Fig. 1.

FIG. 2 in Conodonts in the Silurian of Severnaya Zemlya and Sedov archipelagos (Russia), with special reference to the genus Ozarkodina Branson & Mehl, 1933

FIG. 2. — Distribution of selected conodont taxa; A, outcrops on the Strojnaya River, October Revolution Island; B, sections in the Obryvistaya River region, October Revolution Island. For location of outcrops refer to Männik et al. 2002: figs 1, 6. See also explanations to Fig. 1.

FIG. 1 in Conodonts in the Silurian of Severnaya Zemlya and Sedov archipelagos (Russia), with special reference to the genus Ozarkodina Branson & Mehl, 1933

FIG. 1. — Distribution of selected conodont taxa. Outcrops on Srednij Island, Sedov Archipelago. To the left of the thick vertical line are shown the thicknesses of formations, and the ranges and numbers of separate outcrops studied; to the right of it: location and numbers of samples. The names of the Ozarkodina species are given in bold. For location of outcrops refer to Männik et al. 2002: fig. 1.