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FIGURE 1. Pseudoodes cribristernis Bates, 1892 in Revision of the Palaearctic and Oriental representatives of Lachnocrepis LeConte and Oodes Bonelli (Coleoptera: Carabidae), with special account on Chinese species
FIGURE 1. Pseudoodes cribristernis Bates, 1892 (A–G: lectotype of Oodes cribristernis Bates, 1892). A: habitus and labels; B: head and pronotum; C: left metepisternum and metacoxa (arrow shows lateral end of metacoxal basal sulcus); D: median lobe of aedeagus, lateral view; E: same, anterior dorsal view; F: same, posterior dorsal view; G: same, ventral view. Scale lines = 2 mm (Fig. A); = 1 mm (Figs B–C); = 0.5 mm (Figs D–G).
FIGURE 14 in Revision of the Palaearctic and Oriental representatives of Lachnocrepis LeConte and Oodes Bonelli (Coleoptera: Carabidae), with special account on Chinese species
FIGURE 14. Sundaoodes hainanensis sp. n. (A–H: holotype; I–J: female paratype). A: habitus and labels; B: head and pronotum; C: mentum; D: prosternal process; E: left metepisternum and metacoxa; F: median lobe of aedeagus, left lateral view; G: same, ventral view; H: same, dorsal view; I: left gonocoxite, ventral view; J: spermathecal complex and gonocoxites, ventral view. Scale lines = 2 mm (Fig. A); = 1 mm (Figs B, E); = 0.5 mm (Figs C–D, F–H, J); = 0.2 mm (Fig. I).
Data from: Spatial representativeness of environmental DNA metabarcoding signal for fish biodiversity assessment in a natural freshwater system
In the last few years, the study of environmental DNA (eDNA) has drawn attention for many reasons, including its advantages for monitoring and conservation purposes. So far, in aquatic environments, most of eDNA research has focused on the detection of single species using species-specific markers. Recently, species inventories based on the analysis of a single generalist marker targeting a larger taxonomic group (eDNA metabarcoding) have proven useful for bony fish and amphibian biodiversity surveys. This approach involves in situ filtering of large volumes of water followed by amplification and sequencing of a short discriminative fragment from the 12S rDNA mitochondrial gene. In this study, we went one step further by investigating the spatial representativeness (i.e. ecological reliability and signal variability in space) of eDNA metabarcoding for large-scale fish biodiversity assessment in a freshwater system including lentic and lotic environments. We tested the ability of this approach to characterize large-scale organization of fish communities along a longitudinal gradient, from a lake to the outflowing river. First, our results confirm that eDNA metabarcoding is more efficient than a single traditional sampling campaign to detect species presence, especially in rivers. Second, the species list obtained using this approach is comparable to the one obtained when cumulating all traditional sampling sessions since 1995 and 1988 for the lake and the river, respectively. In conclusion, eDNA metabarcoding gives a faithful description of local fish biodiversity in the study system, more specifically within a range of a few kilometers along the river in our study conditions, i.e. longer than a traditional fish sampling site.
DNA barcodes combined with multi-locus data of representative taxa can generate reliable higher-level phylogenies
<p>Taxa are frequently labeled incertae sedis when their placement is debated at ranks above the species level, such as their subgeneric, generic, or subtribal placement. This is a pervasive problem in groups with complex systematics due to difficulties in identifying suitable synapomorphies. In this study, we propose combining DNA barcodes with a multilocus backbone phylogeny in order to assign taxa to genus or other higher-level categories. This sampling strategy generates molecular matrices containing large amounts of missing data that are not distributed randomly: barcodes are sampled for all representatives, and additional markers are sampled only for a small percentage. We investigate the effects of the degree and randomness of missing data on phylogenetic accuracy using simulations for up to 100 markers in 1000-tips trees, as well as a real case: the subtribe Polyommatina (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae), a large group including numerous species with unresolved taxonomy. Our simulation tests show that when a strategic and representative selection of species for higher-level categories has been made for multigene sequencing (approximately one per simulated genus), the addition of this multigene backbone DNA data for as few as 5–10% of the specimens in the total data set can produce high-quality phylogenies, comparable to those resulting from 100% multigene sampling. In contrast, trees based exclusively on barcodes performed poorly. This approach was applied to a 1365-specimen data set of Polyommatina (including ca. 80% of described species), with nearly 8% of representative species included in the multigene backbone and the remaining 92% included only by mitochondrial COI barcodes, a phylogeny was generated that highlighted potential misplacements, unrecognized major clades, and placement for incertae sedis taxa. We use this information to make systematic rearrangements within Polyommatina, and to describe two new genera. Finally, we propose a systematic workflow to assess higher-level taxonomy in hyperdiverse groups. This research identifies an additional, enhanced value of DNA barcodes for improvements in higher-level systematics using large data sets.</p>
Data from: The herbivorous fish family Kyphosidae (Teleostei: Perciformes) represents a recent radiation from higher latitudes
Aim: Herbivorous reef fishes are considered to have difficulty digesting plant material at extratropical temperatures, and are thus largely restricted to tropical waters where they are thought to have evolved. However, the herbivorous Kyphosidae, with both temperate and tropical species, provides an ideal opportunity to test this view. Previous studies have resolved the taxonomy and distribution patterns of all species. Here, we use a calibrated phylogeny to analyse the age, geographical origin and pattern of diversification of kyphosids to determine their origins in space and time, and thus refine hypotheses on the evolutionary origins of herbivory in reef fishes. Location: Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean, Western Australia. Methods: The age and geographic origin of Kyphosidae were determined by incorporating fossil calibrations and species distributions onto a phylogeny of all extant species based on fragments from mitochondrial markers and three nuclear markers, and using Bayesian modelling to reconstruct ancestral distributions. Evolution of both diet and tooth shape were also examined using Bayesian ancestral reconstruction. Results: Ancestral reconstruction suggested a subtropical, southern hemisphere Indo-Pacific origin for the family. The chronogram indicates that Kyphosus originated in the early Miocene, and that tropical diversity reflects very recent diversification. Main conclusions: Contrary to the general perception that herbivorous reef fishes invaded high latitudes from the tropics, herbivorous kyphosids evolved at intermediate latitudes in the southern hemisphere and subsequently diversified into low latitudes where several species dispersed recently to achieve circumglobal distributions. The southern temperate/subtropical reef environment appears to have generated episodes of diversification in several, well-established, widespread reef fish taxa. Some of these reef fish taxa have remained restricted to southern temperate reef environments despite a long tenure in the Cenozoic (e.g. odacines and aplodactylids), and some such as the kyphosids which diversified very recently in both hemispheres resulting in both regional endemics and species with worldwide distributions.
Data from: Does the house sparrow Passer domesticus represent a global model species for egg rejection behavior?
Conspecific brood parasitism (CP) is a facultative breeding tactic whereby females lay their eggs in the nests of conspecifics. In some species, potential host individuals have evolved the ability to identify and reject foreign eggs from their nest. Previous studies suggest that the ubiquitous House Sparrow Passer domesticus in Spain and South Africa employs both CP and parasitic egg rejection, while a population in China does not. Given the species' invasive range expansions, the House Sparrow represents a potentially excellent global model system for egg rejection across variable ecological conditions. The present study examines House Sparrow responses to experimental parasitism at three geographically distinct locations (in Israel, North America, and New Zealand) to provide a robust test of how general the findings of the previous studies are. In all three geographic regions egg rejection rates were negligible and not statistically different from background rates of disappearance of control eggs, suggesting that the House Sparrow is not a suitable model species for egg rejection experiments on a global scale.
Data from: The International Tree-Ring Data Bank (ITRDB) revisited: data availability and global ecological representativity
Aim: The International Tree-Ring Data Bank (ITRDB) is the most comprehensive database of tree growth. To evaluate its usefulness and improve its accessibility to the broad scientific community, we aimed to: i) quantify its biases, ii) assess how well it represents global forests, iii) develop tools to identify priority areas to improve its representativity, and iv) make available the corrected database. Location: Worldwide. Time period: Contributed datasets between 1974 and 2017. Major taxa studied: Trees. Methods: We identified and corrected formatting issues in all individual datasets of the ITRDB. We then calculated the representativity of the ITRDB with respect to species, spatial coverage, climatic regions, elevations, need for data update, climatic limitations on growth, vascular plant diversity, and associated animal diversity. We combined these metrics into a global Priority Sampling Index (PSI) to highlight ways to improve ITRDB representativity. Results: Our refined dataset provides access to a network of >52 million growth data points worldwide. We found, however, that the database is dominated by trees from forests with low diversity, in semi-arid climates, coniferous species, and in western North America. Conifers represented 81% of the ITRDB and even in well sampled areas, broadleaves were poorly represented. Our PSI stressed the need to increase the database diversity in terms of broadleaf species and identified poorly represented regions that require scientific attention. Great gains will be made by increasing research and data sharing in African, Asian, and South American forests. Main conclusions: The extensive data and coverage of the ITRDB shows great promise to address macroecological questions. To achieve this, however, we have to overcome the significant gaps in the representativity of the ITRDB. A strategic and organized group effort is required, and we hope the tools and data provided here can guide the efforts to improve this invaluable database.
FIGURE 4 in The oldest representative of the modern snipe fly genus Symphoromyia (Diptera: Rhagionidae)
FIGURE 4. Symphoromyia eocenica sp. nov., holotype MNHN.F.A57537. A, lateral view of thorax and abdomen; B, legs.
FIGURE 2 in The oldest representative of the modern snipe fly genus Symphoromyia (Diptera: Rhagionidae)
FIGURE 2. Symphoromyia eocenica sp. nov., holotype MNHN.F.A57537. A, head, white arrow first flagellomere; black arrows palpomeres; B, thorax, abdomen, and wing.
FIGURE 1 in The oldest representative of the modern snipe fly genus Symphoromyia (Diptera: Rhagionidae)
FIGURE 1. Symphoromyia eocenica sp. nov., holotype MNHN.F.A57537. Habitus. A, left side; B, right side.
FIGURE 3. Phylogram representing a in A new species of Auriculostoma (Trematoda: Allocreadiidae) from the intestine of Brycon guatemalensis (Characiformes: Bryconidae) from the Usumacinta River Basin, Mexico, based on morphology and 28 S rDNA sequences, with a key to species of the genus
FIGURE 3. Phylogram representing a hypothesis for the relationships of Auriculostoma lobata n. sp. with other allocreadiids. The tree represents the single best tree obtained from maximum likelihood analysis based on 28S rDNA sequences from allocreadiids and rooted using species of Prosthenhystera (Callodistomidae). Numbers near internal nodes indicate bootstrap support values (*= values 100%).
FIGURES 14–17. Tropizodium molokai. n. gen., n in On the new genus Tropizodium (Araneae: Zodariidae), representing the femoral organ clade in Australia and the Pacific
FIGURES 14–17. Tropizodium molokai. n. gen., n. sp. 14. Male palp, lateral view; 15. Male palp, ventral view; 16. Epigyne, ventral view; 17. Epigyne, cleared, dorsal view. (scale lines: 0.1 mm)
FIGURES 10–13. Tropizodium peregrinum n. gen., n in On the new genus Tropizodium (Araneae: Zodariidae), representing the femoral organ clade in Australia and the Pacific
FIGURES 10–13. Tropizodium peregrinum n. gen., n. sp. 10. Male palp, lateral view; 11. Male palp, ventral view; 12. Epigyne, ventral view; 13. Epigyne, cleared, dorsal view. (scale lines: 0.1 mm)
FIGURES 1–5. Tropizodium peregrinum n. gen., n in On the new genus Tropizodium (Araneae: Zodariidae), representing the femoral organ clade in Australia and the Pacific
FIGURES 1–5. Tropizodium peregrinum n. gen., n. sp. Scanning electron micrographs. 1. femoral organ on leg II of female, dorsolateral view; 2. chelicerae, ventral view; 3. Female right palpal tarsus, dorsal view showing distal toothed claw turned inwards over 45° and modified setae; 4. male right palp, retrolateral view; 5. Median apophysis, prolateral view.
FIGURES 6–9. Tropizodium peregrinum n. gen., n in On the new genus Tropizodium (Araneae: Zodariidae), representing the femoral organ clade in Australia and the Pacific
FIGURES 6–9. Tropizodium peregrinum n. gen., n. sp. 6. Female, habitus; 7. Female, lateral view; 8. Prosoma, ventral view; 9. Prosoma, frontal view. (scale lines: 0.5 mm)
FIGURES 18–20 in On the new genus Tropizodium (Araneae: Zodariidae), representing the femoral organ clade in Australia and the Pacific
FIGURES 18–20. Tropizodium trispinosum (Suman) 18. Male palp, lateral view; 19. Male palp, ventral view; 20. Epigyne, ventral view. (scale lines: 0.1 mm)
FIGURES 13–18 in On Vietnamese representatives of the ant spider genus Heradion (Araneae: Zodariidae)
FIGURES 13–18. Heradion intermedium spec. nov., ♂ holotype (13, 15–17) and Ψ paratypes (14, 18): body, dorsal view (13, 14); body, ventral view (15); carapace (16); posterior part of opisthosama (17, 18), showing ventral abdominal sclerotised area in front of spinnerets.
FIGURES 5–12 in On Vietnamese representatives of the ant spider genus Heradion (Araneae: Zodariidae)
FIGURES 5–12. Apices of tegulum, showing median apophyses and distal tegular apophyses (5–9): Heradion peteri (5); H. naiadis (6); H. intermedium spec. nov. (7); H. flammeum comb. nov. (8); H. paradiseum comb. nov. (9). Retrolateral view of tibiae, showing VTA and RTA: H. paradiseum comb. nov. (10); H. flammeum comb. nov. (11); H. intermedium spec. nov. Abbreviations: DTA: distal tegular apophysis; m, membranous area; MA: median apophysis; RTA: retrolateral tibial apophysis; T, tegulum; VTA, ventrolateral tibial apophysis.
FIGURES 1–4 in On Vietnamese representatives of the ant spider genus Heradion (Araneae: Zodariidae)
FIGURES 1–4. Heradion intermedium spec. nov., ♂ holotype (1, 2) and Ψ paratypes (3, 4). 1, left palp, ventral view; 2, ditto, retrolateral view; 3, epigyne, ventral view; 4, internal structures of epigyne, dorsal view. Abbreviations: CDa, ascending part of copulatory duct; CDd, descending part of copulatory duct; CF, cymbium furrow; CO, copulatory orifice; DTA: distal tegular apophysis; E, embolus; EL, epigynal lip; FD, fertilization duct; MA: median apophysis; RTA: retrolateral tibial apophysis; S, epigynal septum; SP, spermatheca; ST, subtegulum; VTA, ventrolateral tibial apophysis. Scale lines = 0.2 mm.
FIGURE 5 in A new species of Semaphore gecko Pristurus (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Mauretania, represents a 4700 km range extension for genus
FIGURE 5. Habitats of Pristurus adrarensis n. sp. a. Type locality: Eastern part of the Zerga mountains, ca 34 km WSW of Chinguetti, Adrar Atar, central Mauritania. b. Locality of second paratype: 44km from Chinguetti on the road to Adrar, 19km before the Nouatil Pass, Adrar Atar Region, Mauretania. (Photographs by Ph. Geniez).
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.