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1,183 results for “Skeleton”
Extended Data Fig. 7 in Skeleton of a Cretaceous mammal from Madagascar reflects long-term insularity
Extended Data Fig. 7 | Selected individual vertebrae of A. hui holotype (UA 9030). Thoracic (T6 and T16),lumbar (L1 and L11) and anterior caudal (Ca8) vertebrae are depicted in anterior,dorsal,left lateral and ventral views.The left transverse process of L11 is preserved but was separated from the vertebral column during preparation and has not been CT scanned.Dotted outlines represent the shape of preserved left transverse process,and the mirrored reconstructed right transverse process.
Extended Data Fig. 8 in Skeleton of a Cretaceous mammal from Madagascar reflects long-term insularity
Extended Data Fig. 8 | Limb bone elements of A. hui holotype (UA 9030). a–p, ΜCT images.a, b, Left humerus in anterior (a) and posterior (b) views. c, d, Left ulna in anterior (c) and lateral (d) views.e, f, Left radius in anterior (e) and lateral (f) views.g, h, Left manus in dorsal (g) and palmar (= ventral) (h) views.i, j, Left femur in anterior (i) and posterior (j) views.k, l, Left tibia in anterior (k) and lateral (l) views.m, n, Left fibula in anterior (m) and lateral (n) views.o, p, Left pes in dorsal (o) and plantar (= ventral) (p) views.
Extended Data Fig. 1 in Skeleton of a Cretaceous mammal from Madagascar reflects long-term insularity
Extended Data Fig. 1 | Photographs of the skeleton of A. hui holotype (UA 9030). a, b, 'Top' (a) and 'bottom' (b) views, as preserved.The left and right sides are indicated as (l) and (r), respectively.as,astragalus;at, atlas;av, anticlinal vertebra;ax,axis; C, cervical vertebra;ca,calcaneus;Ca,caudal vertebra;cap,capitate;CC,costal cartilage; cl, clavicle; cor, coracoid;cu, cuboid;dpp,distal pedal phalanx;ent, entocuneiform;ep,epipubis; fe,femur; fi, fibula;ha,hamate;hu, humerus;i, lower incisor; ID, distal upper incisor; IM, medial upper incisor;imp,intermediate manual phalanx;ipp,intermediate pedal phalanx; L, lumbar vertebra;lu, lunate; m, mandible;mc,metacarpal;mt, metatarsal;na,navicular;osc, os calcaris;pc1, lower first postcanine tooth; PC1, upper first postcanine tooth; pe,pelvis;pfi, parafibula; pi, pisiform;pmp, proximal manual phalanx;ppp,proximal pedal phalanx;R, rib; ra, radius; sc, scapula;sca,scaphoid;stb, sternebra;T,thoracic vertebra; ti, tibia;tr, triquetrum; ul, ulna.
Extended Data Fig. 6 in Skeleton of a Cretaceous mammal from Madagascar reflects long-term insularity
Extended Data Fig. 6 | Enamel microstructure of A. hui holotype (UA 9030). a–d, Scanning electron micrographs of single postcanine tooth enamel fragment sectioned in various planes.a, Transverse section of entire enamel band from the enamel–dentine junction (EDJ) to the outer enamel surface (OES) (about 0.4-mm thick) showing single layer of radial enamel and absence of distinct layer of prismless external enamel.Prism size increases from,on average,2.3 to 2.8 Μm from the enamel–dentine junction to the outer enamel surface.Prisms close to the enamel–dentine junction are intersected by interprismatic matrix at slightly higher angles than towards the outer enamel surface.b, Transverse section showing the clear distinction between enamel prisms and interprismatic matrix. c, Radial section showing radial enamel in outer zone with prisms surrounded by interprismatic matrix and some cross-sections of prisms showing tubules.d, Radial,but slightly oblique, section showing enamel of inner zone with prisms enveloped by interprismatic matrix and presence of odontoblastic processes.In this zone,crystallites of interprismatic matrix lie almost perpendicular to those of prisms.Prisms rise from the enamel–dentine junction at angle of about 45°; this angle is reduced only slightly towards the outer enamel surface.IPM, interprismatic matrix; od, odontoblastic process; p, prism; tu,tubule.
Extended Data Fig. 4 in Skeleton of a Cretaceous mammal from Madagascar reflects long-term insularity
Extended Data Fig. 4 | Inner ear of A. hui holotype (UA 9030). a, Ventral view of reconstructed cranium, with petrosal fragment bounded by red line enlarged in a'. b–e, Reconstructed cochlear canal in dorsomedial (b), ventrolateral (c) and posteroventromedial (d, e) views,with the view in d being slightly more posterior and the view in e slightly more medial.In e, only the medial aspect of cochlear canal in grey is shown, to reveal primary bony lamina and cochlear nerve foramina.Semi-transparent grey,cochlear canal;yellow, cochlear nerve;blue, secondary canal.
Extended Data Fig. 2 in Skeleton of a Cretaceous mammal from Madagascar reflects long-term insularity
Extended Data Fig. 2 | Bivariate plots of body mass estimates for A. hui. a, Relationship between cranial length and body mass in 423 extant mammals, plus estimated body mass in the gondwanatherians A.hui and Vintana sertichi. b, Relationship between cranial width and body mass in 423 extant mammals, plus the estimated body mass in A. hui and V.sertichi. c, Relationship between cranial size and body mass in 423 extant mammals,plus the estimated body mass in A.hui and V.sertichi. d, Relationship between humeral length and body mass in 187 extant therian mammals,plus the estimated body mass in A.hui. e, Relationship between femoral length and body mass in 184 extant species of therian mammal,plus the estimated body mass in A.hui. f, Relationship between stylopodial diaphyseal circumference and body mass as calculated for a sample of 245 tetrapod species45 (data points shown for mammals only, n = 200),plus the estimated body mass in A.hui. Regression lines in a–e are from ordinary least squares regressions,whereas the regression line shown in f is from a phylogenetic generalized least squares regression.Measurement data,methods and references are provided in the Supplementary Information.
Fig. 2 in Skeleton of a Cretaceous mammal from Madagascar reflects long-term insularity
Fig. 2 | Cranium, lower jaw and dentition of A. hui holotype (UA 9030). a–d, Reconstructed cranium in dorsal (a), ventral (b), right lateral (c) and anterior (d) views.e–g, Reconstructed right lower jaw in lateral (e), dorsal (= occlusal) (f) and medial (g) views.h–k, Micro-computed tomography (ΜCT) digital renderings of right upper dentition,showing the postcanine teeth (h), distal incisor (i) and mesial incisor (j) in buccal views,and the postcanine teeth in occlusal view (k). l–n, ΜCT digital renderings of right lower dentition, showing the postcanine teeth (l) and incisor (m) in buccal views,and the postcanine teeth in occlusal view (n). Scale bars,2 cm (a–g; scale bar above e and f applies to a–g), 5 mm (h–n). PC,upper postcanine tooth; pc,lower postcanine tooth.
Fig. 4 in Skeleton of a Cretaceous mammal from Madagascar reflects long-term insularity
Fig. 4 | Key stages in plate tectonic history of Madagascar. a, Position of Madagascar before rifting between West Gondwana (South America and Africa) and East Gondwana (Madagascar,Seychelles,Indian subcontinent, Sri Lanka,Antarctica and Australia) at 183 Myr ago (Early Jurassic epoch). b, Separation of Indo-Madagascar from Antarctica and Australia at 124 Myr ago (mid-Early Cretaceous epoch).c, Separation of Indian subcontinent from Madagascar at 88 Myr ago (mid-Late Cretaceous epoch).d, Approximate time of deposition of Maevarano Formation at 66 Myr ago (latest Cretaceous period).Solid black lines indicate current coastlines of Madagascar and east Africa; brown represents Precambrian terranes;and yellow indicates sedimentary basins along west coast of Madagascar.The discovery site of UA 9030 is indicated by red star in d. Scale bars,500 km.Maps adapted from Earthworks (www.reeves.nl/gond.com).
Extended Data Fig. 10 in Skeleton of a Cretaceous mammal from Madagascar reflects long-term insularity
Extended Data Fig. 10 | Phylogenetic relationships of A. hui and selected mammaliaforms. Strict consensus tree of 16 equally parsimonious trees (tree length = 2,315,consistency index = 0.3015 and retention index = 0.7001) derived from analysis of 84 cynodont taxa and 530 characters,with multistate characters unordered and unweighted.Bremer values are listed next to the nodes.Adalatherium is highlighted in red.Allotheria—consisting of Cifelliodon, Euharamiyida,Gondwanatheria (including Adalatherium) and Multituberculata—is highlighted in blue.Taxon and character lists,the data matrix,limitations and assumptions,phylogenetic methods and a more detailed explanation of the results are provided in the Supplementary Information.
Extended Data Fig. 5 in Skeleton of a Cretaceous mammal from Madagascar reflects long-term insularity
Extended Data Fig. 5 | Lower jaw of A. hui holotype (UA 9030). Photographs of left dentary in left column; photographs of right dentary in right column. a, b, Lateral views.c, d, Dorsal (occlusal) views.e, f, Medial views.i, lower incisor;pc, lower postcanine tooth.
Fig. 3 in Skeleton of a Cretaceous mammal from Madagascar reflects long-term insularity
Fig. 3 | Skeleton of A. hui holotype (UA 9030). a–g, Digitally reconstructed skeleton in left lateral view,highlighting the left scapulocoracoid in lateral view (a), thoracic vertebra 6 and lumbar vertebra 7 in anterior and dorsal views (missing parts mirrored and rendered as semi-transparent) (b), the left femur in distal and anterior views (c), the left humerus in anterior and distal views (d), the left astragalus and navicular in anterior view,and left calcaneus in medial and dorsal views (e), left hind foot in dorsal view (f), and the left tibia in lateral and anterior views (g). L,lumbar vertebra; T,thoracic vertebra.Scale bars,5 cm (main skeleton),1 cm (a–d, f, g), 5 mm (e).
Fig. 1 in Skeleton of a Cretaceous mammal from Madagascar reflects long-term insularity
Fig. 1 | Skull and postcranial skeleton of A. hui holotype (UA 9030). a, 'Top' view,as preserved.Scale bar,5 cm.b, Reconstruction in left lateral view.Left and right sides indicated as (l) and (r), respectively.
Extended Data Fig. 9 in Skeleton of a Cretaceous mammal from Madagascar reflects long-term insularity
Extended Data Fig. 9 | Pectoral and pelvic girdle elements of A. hui holotype (UA 9030). a–d, ΜCT images.a, b, Left scapulacoracoid,left and right clavicle and manubrium in 'top' (a) and 'bottom' (b) views (as preserved).c, d, Left os coxa and epipubic bone in lateral (c) and medial (d) views.
Extended Data Fig. 3 in Skeleton of a Cretaceous mammal from Madagascar reflects long-term insularity
Extended Data Fig. 3 | Cranium of A. hui holotype (UA 9030). a–e, Photographs of external surfaces of cranium in right lateral (a), left lateral (b), dorsal (c), ventral (d) and anterior (e) views.a'–e', Labelled ΜCT images of cranium in the same views as in a–e, respectively.f, Labelled ΜCT image of medial view of right side of nasal cavity.aC,alveolus for upper canine; as, alisphenoid;eo, exoccipital; fr,frontal;ID,distal upper incisor;IM,mesial upper incisor; ju, jugal; la, lacrimal;mx, maxilla; na, nasal;os/ps, orbitosphenoid/presphenoid complex;PC,upper postcanine tooth;pe, petrosal;pmx,premaxilla;pt,pterygoid;smx,septomaxilla;sq, squamosal; v,vomer.
Figure 6.5 in Taphonomy and environment of deposition of a juvenile tyrannosaurid skeleton from the Hell Creek Formation (latest Maastridhtian) of southeastern Montana
Figure 6.5. Leaves of Pistia corrugata from the laminated siltstones above the tyrannosaurbearing unit.
Figure 6.4 in Taphonomy and environment of deposition of a juvenile tyrannosaurid skeleton from the Hell Creek Formation (latest Maastridhtian) of southeastern Montana
Figure 6.4. Thin section of the clay-bail conglomerate that contained the juvenile tyrannosaur Jane (BMR P2002.4.1). Arrows indicate siderite and a clay ball. Scale bar = 7 cm.
From particle attachment to space-filling coral skeletons
<p>All PEEM data used in Figures 2, 3 and 4 of the paper, "From particle attachment to space-filling coral skeletons."</p>
The ontogenetic pattern of neurocentral suture closure in the axial skeleton of Hyperodapedontinae (Archosauromorpha: Rhynchosauria) and its evolutionary implication
<p>Understanding ontogeny of a taxon is a crucial step to properly elucidate its taxonomy and evolution. However, aside from histological data, osteological criteria for assessing maturity are considered lineage specific or controversial. The sequence of neurocentral suture closure of the axial skeleton of extant crocodilians, which occurs in a postero-anterior sequence, has being used as a non-destructive method to determine maturity in extinct reptiles. However, the use of this criterion in extinct archosaurs not closely related to crocodilians is debatable, as the ancestral condition of Archosauria is unknown and variation occurs in timing and sequence orientation within the clade. We have assessed the pattern of neurocentral suture closure of the Hyperodapedontinae rhynchosaurs, an early archosauromorph clade distantly related to archosaurs. Different from extant crocodilians, they exhibit an antero-posterior sequence neurocentral suture closure. Relative size and other ontogenetic markers suggest the neurocentral closure in the Hyperodapedontinae is correlated to aging, although closed sutures were rare in the sample. A high number of open or partially open sutures in mature individuals indicate that they remained open during most of their life. Our study indicates that (i) the delayed neurocentral closure can be a paedomorphic heterochronic process in Hyperodapedontinae, as it contrasts with the fully closed neurocentral sutures of early diverging non-hyperodapedontine rhynchosaurs; (ii) the assumption opened neurocentral sutures indicates immaturity in extinct reptiles is not always correct; and (iii) the delayed closure may have originated independently in several archosauromorph lineages, but the ancestral condition of Archosauria likely follows the crocodilian closure pattern.</p>
FIGURE 5 in Comparative analysis of the chondrocranium and hyobranchial skeleton of bromeliad arboreal frog larvae of the genus Phyllodytes Wagler, 1830 (Anura Hylidae)
FIGURE 5. Hyobranchial skeleton. Ventral views for Phyllodytes acuminatus (A, Stage 31, MHN–UFAL 8385), P. brevirostris (B, Stage 34, MNRJ 53 122), P. edelmoi (C, Stage 36, MHN–UFAL 3768), P. maculosus (D, Stage 27, CZUFSB 509), P. melanomystax (E, Stage 28, MNRJ 04 868), P. praeceptor (F, Stage 31, MZUESC 16 059), P. punctatus (G, Stage 29, LABEV–UFS 1167), P. wuchereri (H, Stage 31, CLAR 9492), Phyllodytes sp. 5 (I, Stage 36, MHNBA 15 996). (ac) articular condyle; (bbc) basibranchial; (bh) basihyal; (cb I–IV) ceratobranchials; (ch) ceratohyal; (hbp) hypobranchial plate; (pab) processus anterior branchialis; (pac) processus anterior hyalis; (palc) processus anterolateralis hyalis; (plc) processus lateralis hyali; (ppc) processus posterior hyalis; (pr) pars reuniens; (sp) spicules; (tco) terminal commissure; (up) urobranchial process (scale bars =1 mm).
FIGURE 3 in Comparative analysis of the chondrocranium and hyobranchial skeleton of bromeliad arboreal frog larvae of the genus Phyllodytes Wagler, 1830 (Anura Hylidae)
FIGURE 3. Suprarostral cartilage of P. melanomystax (Stage 28, MNRJ 04 868), frontal view. (a) ala; (c) corpus; (ppd) processus posterior dorsalis (scale bar =1 mm).
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.