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2,904 results for “Solute”
An Intrinsically Typed Solution for the List-Machine Benchmark
<p>Video presentation of the paper "An Intrinsically Typed Solution for the List-Machine Benchmark" to appear at the Brazilian Symposium on Programming Languages.</p>
Data file for the paper: Jun Wu, Peng Li, Andres Parra-Puerto, Shuang Wu, Xiaoqian Lin, Denis Kramer, Shengli Chen, Anthony Kucernak, "Controllable heteroatom doping effects of CrxCo2-xP Nanoparticles: A Robust Electrocatalyst for Overall Water Splitting in Alkaline Solutions"
<p>The data in this spreadsheet was used to produce the figures in the paper<br> <br> Authors:Jun Wu,Peng Li,Andres Parra-Puerto,Shuang Wu,Xiaoqian Lin,Denis Kramer,Shengli Chen,Anthony Kucernak</p> <p>Title:Controllable heteroatom doping effects of CrxCo2-xP Nanoparticles: A Robust Electrocatalyst for Overall Water Splitting in Alkaline Solutions</p> <p>Journal:Acs Applied Materials & Interfaces<br> <br> DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c10441<br> <br> Please cite the above reference if you wish to use this data<br> <br> DOI of this data:10.5281/zenodo.4067857<br> <br> <br> <br> <br> <br> </p>
Cellulose nanocrystals/graphene oxide composite for the adsorption and removal of levofloxacin hydrochloride antibiotic from aqueous solution
<p><span><span><a name="_Hlk33498008">Residual antibiotics in water are often persistent organic pollutants. </a><a name="_Hlk32994933">The purpose of this study was </a>to prepare a <a name="_Hlk32132836">cellulose nanocrystals/graphene oxide composite</a> (CNCs-GO) with a three-dimensional structure for the removal of the antibiotic levofloxacin hydrochloride (Levo-HCl) in water by adsorption. The Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR), Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and other characterization methods were used to study the physical structure and chemical properties of the CNCs-GO. The three-dimensional structure of the composite material rendered a high <a name="_Hlk32994964">surface area and electrostatic </a>attraction, resulting in an increased adsorption capacity of the CNCs-GO for Levo-HCl. Based on the Box–Behnken design, the effects of different factors on the removal of Levo-HCl by the CNCs-GO were explored. The composite material exhibited good antibiotic adsorption capacity, with a removal percentage exceeding 80.1% at an optimal pH of 4, adsorbent dosage of 1.0 g L⁻<sup>1</sup>, initial pollutant concentration of 10.0 mg L⁻<sup>1</sup>, and contact time of 4 h. The adsorption isotherm was well fitted by the Sips model, and kinetics studies demonstrated that the adsorption process conformed to a quasi-second-order kinetics model. Consequently, the as-synthesized CNCs-GO demonstrate good potential for the effective removal of antibiotics such as levofloxacin hydrochloride from aqueous media.</span></span></p>
Psocodea Phylogenomic dataset from: Phylogenomics of parasitic and non-parasitic lice (Insecta: Psocodea): combining sequence data and Exploring compositional bias solutions in Next Generation Datasets
<p>This dataset includes all alignments used for the phylogenomic analysis of Psocodea. In this dataset, includes all result files of phylogenomic analyses completed. This includes maximum likelihood, astral, MCMCtree, quartet sampling, and all gene trees. Any relevant input files are included, and any materials are available upon request.</p> <p>The insect order Psocodea is a diverse lineage comprising both parasitic (Phthiraptera) and non-parasitic members (Psocoptera). The extreme age and ecological diversity of the group may be associated with major genomic changes, such as base compositional biases expected to affect phylogenetic inference. Divergent morphology between parasitic and non-parasitic members has also obscured the origins of parasitism within the order. We conducted a phylogenomic analysis on the order Psocodea utilizing both transcriptome and genome sequencing to obtain a data set of 2,370 orthologous genes. All phylogenomic analyses, including both concatenated and coalescent methods suggest a single origin of parasitism within the order Psocodea, resolving conflicting results from previous studies. This phylogeny allows us to propose a stable ordinal level classification scheme that retains significant taxonomic names present in historical scientific literature and reflects the evolution of the group as a whole. A dating analysis, with internal nodes calibrated by fossil evidence, suggests an origin of parasitism that predates the K-Pg boundary. Nucleotide compositional biases are detected in third and first codon positions and result in the anomalous placement of the Amphientometae as sister to Psocomorpha when all nucleotide sites are analyzed. Likelihood-mapping and quartet sampling methods demonstrate that base compositional biases can also have an effect on quartet-based methods.</p>
Managing Assurance Information: A Solution Based on Issue Tracking Systems
<p>Video presentation for NIER Track article " Managing Assurance Information: A Solution Based on Issue Tracking Systems "</p>
Data from: Soil solution in Swiss forest stands: a 20 year's time series
<p>Soil solution chemistry is influenced by atmospheric deposition of air pollutants, exchange processes with the soil matrix and soil-rhizosphere-plant interactions. In this study we present the results of the long-term Intercantonal Forest Observation Program in Switzerland with soil solution measurements since 1998 on a current total of 47 plots. The forest sites comprise two major forest types of Switzerland including a wide range of ecological gradients such as different nitrogen (N) deposition and soil conditions. The long-term data set of 20 years of soil solution measurements revealed an ongoing, but site-specific soil acidification. In strongly acidified soils (soil pH below 4.2), acidification indicators changed only slowly over the measured period, possibly due to high buffering capacity of the aluminum buffer (pH 4.2 – 3.8). In contrast, in less acidified sites we observed an increasing acidification rate over time, reflected, for example, by the continuous decrease in the ratio of base cations to aluminum (BC/Al ratio). Nowadays, the main driver of soil acidification is the high rate of N deposition, causing cation losses and hampering sustainable nutrient balances for tree nutrition. Mean nitrate leaching rates for the years 2005-2017 were 9.4 kg N ha<sup>‑1</sup> yr<sup>‑1</sup>, ranging from 0.04 to 53 kg N ha<sup>‑1</sup> yr<sup>‑1</sup>. Three plots with high N input had a remarkable low nitrate leaching. Both N deposition and nitrate leaching have decreased since 2000. However, the latter trend may be partly explained due to increased drought in recent years. Nonetheless, those high N depositions are still affecting the majority of the forest sites. Taken together, this study gives evidence of anthropogenic soil acidification in Swiss forest stands. The underlying long-term measurements of soil solution provides important information on nutrient leaching losses and the impact climate change effects such as droughts.. Furthermore, this study improves the understanding of forest management and tree mortality regarding varying nitrate leaching rates.</p>
Solution properties of anionic sesame fatty acid methyl esters sulphonate surfactant and sodium dodecyl sulphate standard
<p>The relationship between specific conductivity and surfactant concentration was used to determine the solution properties of synthesized anionic sesame fatty acid methyl esters sulphonate (SEFAMESO) surfactant and sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) standard. The solution properties evaluated included critical micelle concentration (CMC) values, counter-ion binding degree (<em>β</em>) and thermodynamic parameters namely, Gibbs free energy (<i>∆G°</i><sub><sub><i><sub>mic</sub></i></sub></sub>), enthalpy (<i>∆H°</i><sub><sub><i><sub>mic</sub></i></sub></sub>) and entropy (<i>∆S°</i><sub><sub><i><sub>mic</sub></i></sub></sub><i>)</i> of micellization.</p>
Supplementary material 1 from: Brock KC, Daehler CC (2020) Applying an invasion and risk framework to track non-native island floras: a case study of challenges and solutions in Hawai'i. In: Wilson JR, Bacher S, Daehler CC, Groom QJ, Kumschick S, Lockwood JL, Robinson TB, Zengeya TA, Richardson DM. NeoBiota 62: 55-79. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.62.52764
Guidance on the status confidence rating and adapting a regional checklist to track invasion statuses
Supplementary material 11 from: Tomaskinova J, Dicks L, Collier M, Geneletti D, Grace M, Longato D, Sadula R, Stoev P, Sapundzhieva A, Balzan MV (2020) Capacity-building and networking events for nature-based solutions and re-naturing in Malta. Research Ideas and Outcomes 6: e60893. https://doi.org/10.3897/rio.6.e60893
Identifying priority knowledge needs for implementing nature-based solutions-results from Malta and other Mediterranean islands
Supplementary material 9 from: Tomaskinova J, Dicks L, Collier M, Geneletti D, Grace M, Longato D, Sadula R, Stoev P, Sapundzhieva A, Balzan MV (2020) Capacity-building and networking events for nature-based solutions and re-naturing in Malta. Research Ideas and Outcomes 6: e60893. https://doi.org/10.3897/rio.6.e60893
Management and restoration of Mediterranean wetlands to provide ecosystem services and other benefits
Supplementary material 12 from: Tomaskinova J, Dicks L, Collier M, Geneletti D, Grace M, Longato D, Sadula R, Stoev P, Sapundzhieva A, Balzan MV (2020) Capacity-building and networking events for nature-based solutions and re-naturing in Malta. Research Ideas and Outcomes 6: e60893. https://doi.org/10.3897/rio.6.e60893
Non-material ecosystem benefits of protected areas as a bridge to future challenges in sustainable development
Lipid17ecc POPC:POPG 4:1 bilayer simulation in 1 M CaCl2 solution and Na+ counter ions
<p>Lipid17ecc POPC:POPG 4:1 bilayer simulation in 1 M CaCl2 solution. The initial structure was taken from https://zenodo.org/record/3874378#.X0OfthmEZGF . Temperature is 298 K. The system contains 350 POPC, 88 POPG, 88 Na+ ions, 24840 SPCE water molecules, 475 Ca2+ ions and 950 Cl- ions</p> <p>Total length of simulation is 400 ns. First 100 ns were discarded as equilibration time. Saving frequency of 100-300ns.xtc is 20 ps.</p>
Data from: Open-ocean fish reveal an omnidirectional solution to camouflage in polarized environments
Despite appearing featureless to our eyes, the open ocean is a highly variable environment for polarization-sensitive viewers. Dynamic visual backgrounds coupled with predator encounters from all possible directions make this habitat one of the most challenging for camouflage. We tested open-ocean crypsis in nature by collecting more than 1500 videopolarimetry measurements from live fish from distinct habitats under a variety of viewing conditions. Open-ocean fish species exhibited camouflage that was superior to that of both nearshore fish and mirrorlike surfaces, with significantly higher crypsis at angles associated with predator detection and pursuit. Histological measurements revealed that specific arrangements of reflective guanine platelets in the fish's skin produce angle-dependent polarization modifications for polarocrypsis in the open ocean, suggesting a mechanism for natural selection to shape reflectance properties in this complex environment.
Synthesis of Bismuth Oxyhalide (BiOBrzI(1-z)) Solid Solutions for Photodegradation of Methylene Dye
<p>BiOBr<sub>z</sub>I<sub>(1-z)</sub> (0 ≤ z ≤ 1) materials were successfully prepared through hydrothermal method. Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), and scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to determine the surface area, microstructure, crystal structure, and morphology of the resultant products. The photocatalytic performance of BiOBr<sub>z</sub>I<sub>(1-z)</sub> materials was examined through methylene blue (MB) degradation under ultraviolet (UV) light and solar irradiation. The XRD shows that BiOBr<sub>z</sub>I<sub>(1-z) </sub>materials crystallized into a tetragonal crystal structure with (102) peak slightly shifting to lower diffraction angle with increase in the amount of iodide (I<sup>-</sup>). BiOBr<sub>0.6</sub>I<sub>0.4 </sub>materials showed a point of zero charge of 5.29 and presented the highest photocatalytic activity in the removal of MB with 99 and 88% efficiency under solar and UV irradiation, respectively. The kinetics studies of MB removal by BiOBr<sub>z</sub>I<sub>(1-z) </sub>materials shows that the degradation process followed nonlinear pseudo-first-order model indicating that the removal of MB depends on the population of the adsorption sites. Trapping experiments confirmed that photogenerated holes (h<sup>+</sup>) and superoxide radicals (<sup>•</sup>O<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup>) are the key species responsible for the degradation of MB. The experimental results agree with nonlinear fitting.</p>
Data from: Corrosion resistance of graphene/waterborne epoxy composite coatings in CO2-satarated NaCl solution
This study investigated the corrosion resistance of graphene/waterborne epoxy composite coatings in CO2-satarated NaCl solution. The coatings were prepared by dispersing graphene in waterborne epoxy with the addition of carboxymethylcellulose sodium. The structure and composition of the coatings were characterized by SEM, TEM, FTIR and Raman spectroscopies. The corrosion resistance of the composite coatings was investigated by potentiodynamic polarization measurements and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Composite coatings with more uniform surfaces and far fewer defects than blank waterborne epoxy coatings were obtained on 1020 steel. The 0.5 wt% graphene/waterborne epoxy composite coating exhibited much lower corrosion rate and provided better water resistance properties and long-term protection than those of the blank epoxy coating in CO2-satarated NaCl solution. This was attributed to the distribution of graphene inside the composite coating that retarded the diffusion of iron ions and thus the anodic reaction.
Data from: Long-term environmental monitoring for assessment of change: measurement inconsistencies over time and potential solutions
The importance of long-term environmental monitoring and research for detecting and understanding changes in ecosystems and human impacts on natural systems is widely acknowledged. Over the last decades a number of critical components for successful long-term monitoring have been identified. One basic component is quality assurance/quality control protocols to ensure consistency and comparability of data. In Norway, the authorities require environmental monitoring of the impacts of the offshore petroleum industry on the Norwegian continental shelf, and in 1996 a large-scale regional environmental monitoring program was established. As a case study, we used a sub-set of data from this monitoring to explore concepts regarding best practices for long-term environmental monitoring. Specifically, we examined data from physical and chemical sediment samples and benthic macro-invertebrate assemblages from 11 stations from six sampling occasions during the period 1996-2011. Despite the established quality assessment and quality control protocols for this monitoring program, we identified several data challenges, such as, missing values and outliers, discrepancies in variable and station names, changes in procedures without calibration, and different taxonomic resolution. Furthermore, we show that the use of different laboratories over time makes it difficult to draw conclusions with regard to some of the observed changes. We offer recommendations to facilitate comparison of data over time. We also present a new procedure to handle different taxonomic resolution so valuable historical data is not discarded. These topics have a broader relevance and application than for our case study.
Data from: The Automated Root Exudate System (ARES): a method to apply solutes at regular intervals to soils in the field
1) Root exudation is a key component of nutrient and carbon dynamics in terrestrial ecosystems. Exudation rates vary widely by plant species and environmental conditions but our understanding of how root exudates affect soil functioning is incomplete, in part because there are few viable methods to manipulate root exudates in situ. To address this, we devised the Automated Root Exudate System (ARES), which simulates increased root exudation by applying small amounts of labile solutes at regular intervals in the field. 2) The ARES is a gravity-fed drip irrigation system comprising a reservoir bottle connected via a timer to a micro-hose irrigation grid covering c. 1 m2; 24 drip-tips are inserted into the soil to 4-cm depth to apply solutions into the rooting zone. We installed two ARES subplots within existing litter removal and control plots in a temperate deciduous woodland. We applied either an artificial root exudate solution (RE) or a procedural control solution (CP) to each subplot for 1 min d-1 during two growing seasons. To investigate the influence of root exudation on soil carbon dynamics, we measured soil respiration monthly and soil microbial biomass at the end of each growing season. 3) The ARES applied the solutions at a rate of c. 2 L m-2 wk-1 without significantly increasing soil water content. The application of RE solution had a clear effect on soil carbon dynamics but the response varied by litter treatment. Across two growing seasons, soil respiration was 25% higher in RE compared to CP subplots in the litter removal treatment, but not in the control plots. By contrast, we observed a significant increase in microbial biomass carbon (33%) and nitrogen (26%) in RE subplots in the control litter treatment. 4) The ARES is an effective, low-cost method to apply experimental solutions directly into the rooting zone in the field. The installation of the systems entails minimal disturbance to the soil and little maintenance is required. Although we used ARES to apply root exudate solution, the method can be used to apply many other treatments involving solute inputs at regular intervals in a wide range of ecosystems.
"Natural" solutions could speed up climate change mitigation, with risks, compared to emissions reductions alone. Additional options are needed.
<p>Mitigation of climate change by intentionally storing carbon in tropical forests, soils and wetlands, and by reducing greenhouse gas fluxes from these settings has been promoted as rapidly deployable and cost-effective. This approach, sometimes referred to as "natural" mitigation, could keep post-industrialization warming below 1.5°C, when coupled with reductions in fossil fuel emissions, as confirmed here with a simple numerical model of future emissions. However, such mitigation could cease in response to changes in future climate, land use or natural resource policies, or there could be CO<sub>2</sub> released from reservoirs of stored carbon. Model simulations suggest cumulative emissions could be similar, under scenarios where carbon storage ceases, or stored carbon is released, to emissions expected in the absence of any natural mitigation. If climate change is to be minimized, low-risk natural mitigation (e.g. by reducing deforestation) should be considered, as emissions targets that could limit warming to 1.5°C cannot be met without mitigation of this magnitude. However, additional mitigation options should also be considered that can reduce CO<sub>2</sub> emissions and remove CO<sub>2</sub> from the air (and store it permanently) and/or reduce the temperature of the atmosphere or the ocean.</p>
Data from: A low-cost solution for documenting distribution and abundance of endangered marine fauna and impacts from fisheries
Fisheries bycatch is a widespread and serious issue that leads to declines of many important and threatened marine species. However, documenting the distribution, abundance, population trends and threats to sparse populations of marine species is often beyond the capacity of developing countries because such work is complex, time consuming and often extremely expensive. We have developed a flexible tool to document spatial distribution and population trends for dugongs and other marine species in the form of an interview questionnaire supported by a structured data upload sheet and a comprehensive project manual. Recognising the effort invested in getting interviewers to remote locations, the questionnaire is comprehensive, but low cost. The questionnaire has already been deployed in 18 countries across the Indo-Pacific region. Project teams spent an average of USD 5,000 per country and obtained large data sets on dugong distribution, trends, catch and bycatch, and threat overlaps. Findings indicated that >50% of respondents had never seen dugongs and that 20% had seen a single dugong in their lifetimes despite living and fishing in areas of known or suspected dugong habitat, suggesting that dugongs occured in low numbers. Only 3% of respondents had seen mother and calf pairs, indicative of low reproductive output. Dugong hunting was still common in several countries. Gillnets and hook and line were the most common fishing gears, with the greatest mortality caused by gillnets. The questionnaire has also been used to study manatees in the Caribbean, coastal cetaceans along the eastern Gulf of Thailand and western Peninsular Malaysia, and river dolphins in Peru. This questionnaire is a powerful tool for studying distribution and relative abundance for marine species and fishery pressures, and determining potential conservation hotspot areas. We provide the questionnaire and supporting documents for open-access use by the scientific and conservation communities.
Data from: How the zebra got its stripes: a problem with too many solutions
The adaptive significance of zebra stripes has thus far eluded understanding. Many explanations have been suggested, including social cohesion, thermoregulation, predation evasion and avoidance of biting flies. Identifying the associations between phenotypic and environmental factors is essential for testing these hypotheses and substantiating existing experimental evidence. Plains zebra striping pattern varies regionally, from heavy black and white striping over the entire body in some areas to reduced stripe coverage with thinner and lighter stripes in others. We examined how well 29 environmental variables predict the variation in stripe characteristics of plains zebra across their range in Africa. In contrast to recent findings, we found no evidence that striping may have evolved to escape predators or avoid biting flies. Instead, we found that temperature successfully predicts a substantial amount of the stripe pattern variation observed in plains zebra. As this association between striping and temperature may be indicative of multiple biological processes, we suggest that the selective agents driving zebra striping are probably multifarious and complex.
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.