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2,359 results for “Southwest”
Data from: Tropical ancient DNA from bulk archaeological fish bone reveals the subsistence practices of a historic coastal community in southwest Madagascar
Taxonomic identification of archaeological fish bones provides important insights into the subsistence practices of ancient coastal peoples. However, it can be difficult to execute robust morphological identification of fish bones from species-rich fossil assemblages, especially from post-cranial material with few distinguishing features. Fragmentation, weathering and burning further impede taxonomic identification, resulting in large numbers of unidentifiable bones from archaeological sites. This limitation can be somewhat mitigated by taking an ancient DNA (aDNA) bulk-bone metabarcoding (BBM) approach to faunal identification, where DNA from non-diagnostic bone fragments is extracted and sequenced in parallel. However, a large proportion of fishing communities (both past and present) live in tropical regions that have sub-optimal conditions for long-term aDNA preservation. To date, the BBM method has never been applied to fish bones before, or to fossils excavated from an exposed context within a tropical climate. Here, we demonstrate that morphologically indistinct bulk fish bone from the tropics can be identified by sequencing aDNA extracted from 100 to 300 ya archaeological midden material in southwest Madagascar. Despite the biases of the approach, we rapidly obtained family, genus, and species-level assemblage information, and used this to describe a subset of the ichthyofauna exploited by an 18th century fishing community. We identified 23 families of fish, including benthic, pelagic, and coral-dwelling fishes, suggesting a reliance on a variety of marine and brackish habitats. When possible, BBM should be used alongside osteological approaches to address the limitations of both; however, this study highlights how genetic methods can nevertheless be a valuable tool for helping resolve faunal assemblages when morphological identification is hindered by taphonomic processes, lack of adequate comparative collections, and time constraints, and can provide a temporal perspective on fish biodiversity in the context of accelerated exploitation of the marine environment.
Data from: Habitat preference and den characterization of Indian Pangolin (Manis crassicaudata) in a tropical lowland forested landscape of southwest Sri Lanka
The Indian pangolin (Manis crassicaudata) is under threat due to hunting for local consumption and illegal trafficking of scales and meat. The dearth of scientific studies on the ecology of the M. crassicaudata has impaired accurate assessments of its conservation needs. This study investigated the habitat preference and burrow characteristics of M. crassicaudata in a tropical lowland rainforest in southwest Sri Lanka. A total of 75 burrows (54 feeding burrows and 21 resting burrows) of M. crassicaudata in four different habitat types i.e. secondary forest, Pine-dominated forest, rubber cultivations and tea-dominated home gardens bordering forest were observed using fixed-width transects in order to characterize resting and feeding burrows of this species. The highest density of resting burrows was recorded from the secondary forest (4ha-1), followed by rubber cultivations (2.5ha-1) while no resting burrows were recorded in Pine-dominated forest and tea-dominated home gardens bordering forest. Feeding burrows were more abundant in Pine-dominated forest (5.7ha-1). The burrow depth, burrow opening height and width were significantly larger in resting burrows compared to feeding burrows. Resting burrows were located at higher elevations (75-100m) with moderately high slopes (450-600), dense canopy cover (>75%) and away from human habitation. Feeding burrows showed a greater variability in terms of associated environmental features. The study further revealed that Indian pangolins exclusively prefer habitat with rocks and boulders under which they dig resting burrows while the location of feeding burrows largely overlaps with the distribution of prey species. The resting burrow design consisted of a bending tunnel that initially slopes downward and then gradually inclines at an angle between 20 and 300, leading to the resting chamber. Our study highlights the importance of conserving fragmented secondary natural forests in changing landscapes of the southwest lowlands of Sri Lanka as these habitats appear to be critical to sustaining populations of M. crassicaudata.
FIGURE 4 in Is the North Atlantic Geodia barretti (Porifera, Tetractinellida, Geodiidae) present on the Southwest Indian Ridge?
FIGURE 4. Maximum likelihood (ML) COI phylogenetic tree of the Depressiogeodia clade. ML bootstrap supports (1,000 bootstrap replicates)> 70 are indicated. Numbers refer to NCBI Genbank accession numbers.
FIGURE 2 in Is the North Atlantic Geodia barretti (Porifera, Tetractinellida, Geodiidae) present on the Southwest Indian Ridge?
FIGURE 2. Geodia cf. barretti (NCPOR/HYD-CIO/0011) attached on a rock. B. thick section (cortex thickness 1 mm). Red arrow points at oxeas crossing the cortex. C. ortho/dichotriaene. D. oxeas I & II. E, F. sterraster. G. sterraster surface showing the rosettes with warts. H. strongylasters. I. oxyasters. D scale = 0.7 mm.
FIGURE 5 in Is the North Atlantic Geodia barretti (Porifera, Tetractinellida, Geodiidae) present on the Southwest Indian Ridge?
FIGURE 5. Geographical distribution of Geodia barretti species (source: WPD database). The yellow coloured stars indicate COI haplotype 2: the new location from the SWIR and two specimens from the Flemish Cap in the Northwest Atlantic Ocean at a depth deeper than 1000 m. The simplified paths of NADW (North Atlantic Deep Water) and LCDW (Lower Circumpolar Deep Water) currents are represented.
FIGURE 3 in Is the North Atlantic Geodia barretti (Porifera, Tetractinellida, Geodiidae) present on the Southwest Indian Ridge?
FIGURE 3. Comparative morphology of spicules in species of deep-sea Geodia belonging the the 'Depressiogeodia' clade. SEM pictures were all obtained from previous publications/figures, and reorganised here from the original photoshop files. A. microxeas. B. oxea. C. dichotriaene. D. strongylaster. E. oxyaster. F. sterraster. Geodia barretti, specimens ZMBN 105662 and 105665 from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (modified from Fig. 4, Cárdenas & Rapp, 2015); Geodia hentscheli, specimen ZMBN 105680 from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (modified from Fig. 6, Cárdenas & Rapp, 2015); Geodia garoupa, holotype, MNRJ 7349 from Brazil (modified from Fig. 1, Carvalho et al., 2016); Geodia williami, holotype, NIWA 64828 from New Zealand (modified from Fig. 36, Sim-Smith & Kelly, 2015).
An Indo-Pacific damselfish on an oil-platform in the southwest Gulf of Mexico
<p>The damselfish <em>Neopomacentrus cyanomos</em> is a common fish on coral reefs throughout the Indo-west Pacific. This species, which is not native to the Atlantic, was first observed in the southwest Gulf of Mexico in 2013. Subsequent investigations show that it is widely distributed in that area. Current evidence supports the hypothesis that this species having been transported to the Gulf of Mexico by an offshore oil platform being relocated there from the Indo-Pacific. On inshore reefs in the Gulf of Mexico it is not particularly abundant. However, it is more common at Cayo Arcas, an offshore reef in the southwest corner of Campeche Bank, and superabundant on an oil-platform adjacent to that reef. This video documents the dense aggregation of 50-100,000 individuals of this species living on the heavily encrusted legs of that oil platform down to at least 45 m depths in early 2016.</p> <p><strong>Published on Zenodo July 21, 2016. </strong><strong>Zenodo. doi: </strong><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.58455">10.5281/zenodo.58455</a></p> <p>Also viewable on Youtube: https://youtu.be/mxo4bSKKQI0</p>
FIGURE 4. Trischizostoma raschi Boeck, 1861 in The genus Trischizostoma (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Trischizostomidae) from the Southwest Atlantic, collected by the REVIZEE Program
FIGURE 4. Trischizostoma raschi Boeck, 1861, female, 39 mm, MNRJ 151439. A, habitus; B, gnathopod 1; C, gnathopod 2; D, pereopod 3; E, telson; F, gnathopod 1 of juvenile, 4 mm, MNRJ 15143. Scales bars: A, 5 mm; B–D, 1 mm; E–F, 0.5 mm.
FIGURE 6 in The genus Trischizostoma (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Trischizostomidae) from the Southwest Atlantic, collected by the REVIZEE Program
FIGURE 6. Trischizostoma costai sp. nov., female, 34 mm, MNRJ 15144. A, habitus; B, gnathopod 1; C, gnathopod 2; D, pereopod 3; E, telson. Scales bars: A, 5 mm; B, 1mm; C, 2 mm; D–E, 1 mm.
FIGURE 2. Trischizostoma denticulatum Ledoyer, 1978 in The genus Trischizostoma (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Trischizostomidae) from the Southwest Atlantic, collected by the REVIZEE Program
FIGURE 2. Trischizostoma denticulatum Ledoyer, 1978, female, 32 mm, MNRJ 13702. A, habitus; B, gnathopod 1; C, gnathopod 2; D, pereopod 3; E, telson. Scales bars: A, 5 mm; B–E, 1 mm.
FIGURE 3. Trischizostoma longirostrum Chevreux, 1919 in The genus Trischizostoma (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Trischizostomidae) from the Southwest Atlantic, collected by the REVIZEE Program
FIGURE 3. Trischizostoma longirostrum Chevreux, 1919, female, 47 mm, MNRJ 15141. A, habitus; B, gnathopod 1; C, gnathopod 2; D, pereopod 3; E, telson. Scales bars: A, 5 mm; B–D, 1 mm; E, 0.5 mm.
FIGURE 1. Trischizostoma denticulatum Ledoyer, 1978 in The genus Trischizostoma (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Trischizostomidae) from the Southwest Atlantic, collected by the REVIZEE Program
FIGURE 1. Trischizostoma denticulatum Ledoyer, 1978, attached to Bathypterois phenax Parr, 1 female, 24 mm, and 1 juvenile, 6 mm, MNRJ 15146.
FIGURE 2 in Two new species of Nicomache (Polychaeta: Maldanidae) from the Southwest Atlantic
FIGURE 2. Nicomache (Nicomache) brasiliensis sp. nov. A, anterior end of holotype, lateral view. B, head, dorsal view. C, spine from setiger 1. D, rostrate uncinus from middle setiger. E, distal ends of middle uncini. F, long smooth capillary seta from setiger 1. G, bristled capillary seta from setiger 3. H, unilimbate capillary seta from setiger 4. I, posterior end of holotype. J, anal plate, posterior view. Scales: 1(I) 2mm; 1(A, B, J): 1mm; 1(C, D, E, F, G, H): 0,5 mm.
FIGURE 1 in Two new species of Nicomache (Polychaeta: Maldanidae) from the Southwest Atlantic
FIGURE 1. Nicomache (Nicomache) lanai sp. nov. A, anterior end of holotype, lateral view. B, head, dorsal view. C, spine from setiger 1. D, rostrate uncinus from middle setiger. E, distal ends of middle uncini. F, long smooth capillary seta from setiger 1. G, bristled capillary seta from setiger 3. H, bristled bifurcate capillary seta from setiger 17. I, uni-limbate capillary seta from setiger 4. J, posterior end of holotype. K, anal plate, posterior view.
FIGURE 2 in Bangana brevirostris, a new species of cyprinid fish (Teleostei: Cypriniformes) from the Lancang-Jiang (Upper Mekong River) drainage in Yunnan, Southwest China
FIGURE 2. Ventral view of oromandibular structures in: (A) Bangana brevirostris, holotype, SWFC 0512080, 93.7mm; China: Lancang-Jiang. (B) B. tonkinensis, KIZ 846309, 59.1 mm SL; China: Lixian-Jiang. (C) B. devdevi, KIZ 8310056, 130.6 mm SL; China: Irrawaddy River. (D) B. lemassoni, KIZ 2007001755, 215.0 mm SL; China: Lixian-Jiang. dt = dissepiment; lj = lower jaw; ll = lower lip; mg = mental groove; pg = postlabial groove; rf = rostral fold.
FIGURE 1 in Bangana brevirostris, a new species of cyprinid fish (Teleostei: Cypriniformes) from the Lancang-Jiang (Upper Mekong River) drainage in Yunnan, Southwest China
FIGURE 1. Bangana brevirostris, holotype, SWFC0512080, 93.7 mm SL; China: Lancang-Jiang. Lateral view.
FIGURES 1–11 in Lonchopteridae (Diptera) from Guangxi, Southwest China
FIGURES 1–11. Lonchoptera pinglongshanensis sp. nov. Male. 1. Fore tibia, dorsal view; 2. mid tibia, dorsal view; 3. hind tibia, dorsal view; 4. fore tarsomeres 2–5, ventral view; 5. sternite 3, ventral view; 6. epandrium and cerci, dorsal view; 7. epandrium and cerci, lateral view; 8. genitalia, ventral view; 9. hypandrium and genital complex, ventral view; 10. hypandrium and genital complex, lateral view; 11. hypandrium and genital complex, dorsal view.
FIGURES 12–23 in Lonchopteridae (Diptera) from Guangxi, Southwest China
FIGURES 12–23. Lonchoptera unicolor sp. nov. Male (12–21). 12. Fore tibia, dorsal view; 13. mid tibia, dorsal view; 14. hind tibia, dorsal view; 15. fore tarsomeres 2–5, ventral view; 16. sternite 3, ventral view; 17. epandrium and cerci, dorsal view; 18. epandrium and cerci, lateral view; 19. hypandrium and genital complex, ventral view; 20. hypandrium and genital complex, lateral view; 21. hypandrium and genital complex, dorsal view. Female (22–23). 22. Genitalia dorsal view; 23. genitalia ventral view.
FIGURES 10–11 in Descriptions of a new genus and three new species of Phasmatodea from Southwest China (Insecta: Phasmatodea)
FIGURES 10–11. Pericentrus bicoronatus (Westwood, 1848). 10. Ψ, N-India: Boorang (MNCN). 11. ♂, N-India: Sikkim, Katapahar (NHMW).
FIGURES 7–9. Parastheneboea simianshanensis n in Descriptions of a new genus and three new species of Phasmatodea from Southwest China (Insecta: Phasmatodea)
FIGURES 7–9. Parastheneboea simianshanensis n. sp. (♂HT). 7. Habitus. 8. Apex of abdomen, lateral view. 9. Apex of abdomen, dorsal view.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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