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836 results for “Toads”
Figure 5 from: Xu N, Li S-Z, Liu J, Wei G, Wang B (2020) A new species of the horned toad Megophrys Kuhl & Van Hasselt, 1822 (Anura, Megophryidae) from southwest China. ZooKeys 943: 119-144. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.943.50343
Figure 5 The holotype specimen CIBCS20190518031 of Megophrys chishuiensis sp. nov. A dorsal view B ventral view C lateral view D ventral view of hand E ventral view of foot.
Figure 2 from: Xu N, Li S-Z, Liu J, Wei G, Wang B (2020) A new species of the horned toad Megophrys Kuhl & Van Hasselt, 1822 (Anura, Megophryidae) from southwest China. ZooKeys 943: 119-144. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.943.50343
Figure 2 Maximum likelihood (ML) tree of the genus Megophrys reconstructed based on the 16S rRNA and COI gene sequences. Bayesian posterior probability/ML bootstrap supports were denoted beside each node. Samples 1–88 refer to Suppl. material 2: Table S2.
Figure 3 from: Xu N, Li S-Z, Liu J, Wei G, Wang B (2020) A new species of the horned toad Megophrys Kuhl & Van Hasselt, 1822 (Anura, Megophryidae) from southwest China. ZooKeys 943: 119-144. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.943.50343
Figure 3 Maximum likelihood (ML) tree of the genus Megophrys reconstructed based on the nuclear DNA sequences of RAG1 and BDNF genes. Bayesian posterior probability/ML bootstrap supports were denoted beside each node. Samples 1–88 refer to Suppl. msterial 2: Table S2.
Figure 1 from: Xu N, Li S-Z, Liu J, Wei G, Wang B (2020) A new species of the horned toad Megophrys Kuhl & Van Hasselt, 1822 (Anura, Megophryidae) from southwest China. ZooKeys 943: 119-144. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.943.50343
Figure 1 Geographical location of the type locality, Chishui National Nature Reserve, Chishui City, Guizhou Province, China, of Megophrys chishuiensis sp. nov.
Figure 3 in 'On the rocks': reproductive biology of the endemic toad Xanthophryne (Anura: Bufonidae) from the Western Ghats, India
Figure 3. Xanthophryne male advertisement calls. Macrotemoporal structure of advertisement call of Xanthophryne koynayensis (a) and Xanthophryne tigerina (e). Microtemporal call structure of X. koynayensis (b, c) and X. tigerina (f, g) of a single advertisement call. Power spectrum showing the distribution of energy in a call of X. koynayensis (d) and X. tigerina (h).
Figure 2 in 'On the rocks': reproductive biology of the endemic toad Xanthophryne (Anura: Bufonidae) from the Western Ghats, India
Figure 2. Xanthophryne tigerina breeding sequence. (a) A typical breeding habitat; (b) a calling male perched on a boulder; (c) a mating ball; (d) a pair in amplexus. Size bar = 5 mm.
Figure 1 in 'On the rocks': reproductive biology of the endemic toad Xanthophryne (Anura: Bufonidae) from the Western Ghats, India
Figure 1. Map showing type localities and study sites of Xanthophryne koynayensis (white star) at Koyna and Xanthophryne tigerina (white circle) at Amboli, Maharashtra, India.
Figure 4 in 'On the rocks': reproductive biology of the endemic toad Xanthophryne (Anura: Bufonidae) from the Western Ghats, India
Figure 4. Larval development of Xanthophryne tigerina. (a) A shallow pool in a depression on a boulder serves as the larval habitat; (b) eggs laid in a pool on a lateritic boulder; (c) hatchlings; (d) growing tadpoles scraping on the surface of an egg laid during the second breeding bout; (e) tadpoles at different developmental stages; (f) a metamorphosed toadlet.
Sugar crop yield vs cane toads
<p>In 1935, cane toads (<i>Rhinella marina</i>) were brought to Australia to control insect pests. The devastating ecological impacts of that introduction have attracted extensive research, but the toads' impact on their original targets has never been evaluated. Our analyses confirm that sugar production did not increase significantly after the anurans were released, possibly because toads reduced rates of predation on beetle pests by consuming some of the native predators of those beetles (ants), fatally poisoning others (varanid lizards) and increasing abundances of crop-eating rodents (that can consume toads without ill-effect). In short, any direct benefit of toads on agricultural production (via consumption of insect pests) likely was outweighed by negative effects that were mediated via the toads' impacts on other taxa. Like the toad's impacts on native wildlife, indirect ecological effects of the invader may have outweighed direct effects of toads on crop production.</p>
Supplementary material 1 from: Smart AS, Tingley R, Phillips BL (2020) Estimating the benefit of quarantine: eradicating invasive cane toads from islands. NeoBiota 60: 117-136. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.60.34941
File S1
Supplementary material 5 from: Smart AS, Tingley R, Phillips BL (2020) Estimating the benefit of quarantine: eradicating invasive cane toads from islands. NeoBiota 60: 117-136. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.60.34941
Figure S4. Posterior distributions of cane toad population size (N0) before removal effort
Supplementary material 3 from: Smart AS, Tingley R, Phillips BL (2020) Estimating the benefit of quarantine: eradicating invasive cane toads from islands. NeoBiota 60: 117-136. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.60.34941
Figure S2. Costs of eradication calculated per km of shoreline and per square kilometre of landmass
Figure 8 from: Su H, Shi S, Wu Y, Li G, Yao X, Wang B, Li S (2020) Description of a new horned toad of Megophrys Kuhl & Van Hasselt, 1822 (Anura, Megophryidae) from southwest China. ZooKeys 974: 131-159. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.974.56070
Figure 8 Habitats of Megophrys qianbeiensis sp. nov. in the type locality, Huanglian Nature Reserve, Tongzi County, Guizhou Province, China A landscape of montane forests in the type locality B a mountain stream where toads of the new species live (insert the holotype CIBTZ20190608017standing on the stone).
Supplementary material 2 from: Su H, Shi S, Wu Y, Li G, Yao X, Wang B, Li S (2020) Description of a new horned toad of Megophrys Kuhl & Van Hasselt, 1822 (Anura, Megophryidae) from southwest China. ZooKeys 974: 131-159. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.974.56070
Table S2
Figure 6 from: Su H, Shi S, Wu Y, Li G, Yao X, Wang B, Li S (2020) Description of a new horned toad of Megophrys Kuhl & Van Hasselt, 1822 (Anura, Megophryidae) from southwest China. ZooKeys 974: 131-159. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.974.56070
Figure 6 Photos of specimens of Megophrys qianbeiensis sp. nov., M. sangzhiensis and M. spinataA1–A6 dorsal view, ventral view, dorsal view of hand, ventral view of hand, ventral view of foot and view of oral cavity of the holotype specimen CIBTZ20190608017 of Megophrys qianbeiensis sp. nov. B1–B6 dorsal view, ventral view, dorsal view of hand, ventral view of hand, ventral view of foot and view of oral cavity of CIBSZ2012062005 of M. sangzhiensisC1–C6 dorsal view, ventral view, dorsal view of hand, ventral view of hand, ventral view of foot and view of oral cavity of CIBLS20190801001 of M. spinata. Arrow point to vomerine ridge.
Supplementary material 1 from: Su H, Shi S, Wu Y, Li G, Yao X, Wang B, Li S (2020) Description of a new horned toad of Megophrys Kuhl & Van Hasselt, 1822 (Anura, Megophryidae) from southwest China. ZooKeys 974: 131-159. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.974.56070
Table S1
Figure 7 from: Su H, Shi S, Wu Y, Li G, Yao X, Wang B, Li S (2020) Description of a new horned toad of Megophrys Kuhl & Van Hasselt, 1822 (Anura, Megophryidae) from southwest China. ZooKeys 974: 131-159. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.974.56070
Figure 7 Color variation in Megophrys qianbeiensis sp. nov. A dorsolateral view of the specimen CIBTZ20160715003 B dorsolateral view of the specimen CIBTZ20190608015 C ventral view of the male specimen CIBTZ20190608015 D ventral view of the specimen CIBKKS20180722001.
Figure 4 from: Su H, Shi S, Wu Y, Li G, Yao X, Wang B, Li S (2020) Description of a new horned toad of Megophrys Kuhl & Van Hasselt, 1822 (Anura, Megophryidae) from southwest China. ZooKeys 974: 131-159. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.974.56070
Figure 4 Visualization of advertisement calls of Megophrys qianbeiensis sp. nov., M. sangzhiensis, and M. spinataA1 waveform showing one note of Megophrys qianbeiensis sp. nov. A2 sonogram showing one note of Megophrys qianbeiensis sp. nov. A3 waveform showing 25 notes of one call of Megophrys qianbeiensis sp. nov. A4 sonogram showing 25 notes of one call of Megophrys qianbeiensis sp. nov. B1 waveform showing one note of M. sangzhiensisB2 sonogram showing one note of M. sangzhiensisB3 waveform showing 38 notes of one call of M. sangzhiensis. B4 sonogram showing 38 notes of one call of M. sangzhiensisC1 waveform showing one note of M. spinataC2 sonogram showing one note of M. spinataC3 waveform showing 20 notes of one call of M. spinataC4 sonogram showing 20 notes of one call of M. spinata.
Figure 5 from: Su H, Shi S, Wu Y, Li G, Yao X, Wang B, Li S (2020) Description of a new horned toad of Megophrys Kuhl & Van Hasselt, 1822 (Anura, Megophryidae) from southwest China. ZooKeys 974: 131-159. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.974.56070
Figure 5 Photos of the holotype CIBTZ20190608017 of Megophrys qianbeiensis sp. nov. in life A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal view of hand D ventral view of hand E ventral view of foot.
Figure 2 from: Su H, Shi S, Wu Y, Li G, Yao X, Wang B, Li S (2020) Description of a new horned toad of Megophrys Kuhl & Van Hasselt, 1822 (Anura, Megophryidae) from southwest China. ZooKeys 974: 131-159. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.974.56070
Figure 2 Bayesian Inference (BI) tree of the genus Megophrys reconstructed based on the 16S rRNA and COI gene sequences. Bayesian posterior probability resulted from BI analyses/ML bootstrap supports from Maximum Likelihood analyses were denoted beside each node. Samples 1–90 refer to Table 1.
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